The bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) is defined as a drug-adverse reaction that involves the maxillary bones.
Aims: As old paracervical block using Kobak needle was abondoned developing fetal bradycardia, new safe vaginal submucosal anesthesia was tried to safely remove labor pain.
Recently, there has been increased interest and concern regarding the safety of anesthetics on the long-term impairment of the central nervous system (CNS).
The use of brain stimulation either without drugs at all or with ones that are currently obsolete for the promotion of general anesthesia [1]. Furthermore, different intensities and time durations of stimulation were reported, making it difficult to compare between studies.
This case report describes an unusual presentation and anesthesia management of a rare genetic association. The MURCS association, a variant of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome is a rare (1/4500-1/50,000) congenital syndrome, of unknown etiology, consisting of mullerian duct (MU) aplasia, renal (R) aplasia, and cervicothoracic somite (CS) dysplasia.
Introduction: There are many different analgesic methods used for children undergoing inguino-scrotal surgery. Research suggests that caudal analgesia reduces the need for postoperative pain relief in these children compared with regional techniques but may increase the risk of motor block and urinary retention. This can be problematic given that these procedures are commonly performed as day cases.
