2026-06-10T08:01:37Z https://www.peertechzpublications.org/oai-pmh

oai:www.peertechzpublications.org:10.17352/2455-5460.000003 2015-09-03 PTZ.ADA:VOL1

The Effects of Episodic Versus Continuous and Major Versus Mild Depression and Anxiety Symptoms on Pregnancy and Labour Complications Laura Schwartz Angela BowenNazeem Muhajarine<p><strong>Background</strong>: &nbsp; Depression&nbsp; occurs&nbsp; in&nbsp; approximately&nbsp; 20%&nbsp; of&nbsp; pregnant&nbsp; women,&nbsp; with&nbsp; up&nbsp; to&nbsp; 25% experiencing&nbsp; anxiety.&nbsp; Various&nbsp; pregnancy&nbsp; and&nbsp; labour&nbsp; complications&nbsp; have&nbsp; been&nbsp; associated&nbsp; with maternal mood problems. </p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:&nbsp; This population study of antenatal and early postpartum depression and maternal, child outcomes involved 649 women assessed three times: the second trimester, the third trimester, and in the early postpartum. Our objective was to determine the occurrence and outcomes on pregnancy and labour of major and mild depression. </p><p><strong>Results</strong>:&nbsp; Major depression in the second trimester was significantly associated with developing gestational&nbsp; diabetes&nbsp; and&nbsp; swelling/edema.&nbsp; Major&nbsp; depression&nbsp; that&nbsp; occurred&nbsp; continuously&nbsp; throughout pregnancy&nbsp; was&nbsp; significantly&nbsp; associated&nbsp; with&nbsp; induced&nbsp; labour&nbsp; and&nbsp; antenatal&nbsp; bleeding/abruption.&nbsp; Mild&nbsp; depression&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; second&nbsp; trimester&nbsp; was&nbsp; significantly&nbsp; associated&nbsp; with&nbsp; antenatal&nbsp; bleeding/abruption and premature rupture of the membranes. Mild depression in the third trimester was associated with caesarean birth. Mild depression that occurred continuously throughout pregnancy was significantly associated with the use of vacuum/forceps or operative delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Our&nbsp; findings&nbsp; show&nbsp; that&nbsp; either&nbsp; episodic&nbsp; depression&nbsp; or&nbsp; mild&nbsp; depression&nbsp; can&nbsp; have significant negative impact on pregnancy and labour complications. </p> Archives of Depression and Anxiety - Peertechz Publications 2015-09-03 Research Article https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-5460.000003 en Copyright © Laura Schwartz et al.