2026-06-09T20:30:07Z https://www.peertechzpublications.org/oai-pmh

oai:www.peertechzpublications.org:10.17352/2455-5495.000018 2017-05-17 PTZ.ARDM:VOL3

Nephrolithiasis in hypercalcemic and normocalcemic primary Hyperparathyroidism Vitorino Modesto dos Santos<p>Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common condition&nbsp; affecting&nbsp; up&nbsp; to&nbsp; 4&nbsp; per 1000 of population,&nbsp; and the&nbsp; majority&nbsp; of&nbsp; cases&nbsp; are&nbsp; due&nbsp; to&nbsp; adenoma&nbsp; or&nbsp; hyperplasia&nbsp; of the&nbsp; gland&nbsp; [1]. This endocrine&nbsp; disorder&nbsp; may&nbsp; either&nbsp; develop without&nbsp; symptoms&nbsp; or&nbsp; be&nbsp; classically&nbsp; manifested&nbsp; by&nbsp; anorexia, nausea,&nbsp; constipation,&nbsp; polydipsia&nbsp; and&nbsp; polyuria&nbsp; in&nbsp; association with&nbsp; hypercalcemia&nbsp; [1].&nbsp; Worthy&nbsp; of&nbsp; note&nbsp; is&nbsp; the&nbsp; form&nbsp; of&nbsp; PHPT described in 2009 and characterized by normocalcemia, which persists&nbsp; with&nbsp; hypercalciuria,&nbsp; nephrolithiasis&nbsp; and&nbsp; bone&nbsp; loss in&nbsp; the&nbsp; majority&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; cases 1.&nbsp; Nephrolithiasis&nbsp; can&nbsp; complicate 20%&nbsp; of&nbsp; hypercalcemic&nbsp; and&nbsp; 18.2%&nbsp; of&nbsp; normocalcemic&nbsp; PHPT;&nbsp; moreover, calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate are the main components of the calculi [1]. Thiazide diuretics, lithium salt, immobilization,&nbsp; and&nbsp; inactivity;&nbsp; in&nbsp; addition&nbsp; to&nbsp; hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia,&nbsp; low&nbsp; urinary&nbsp; pH,&nbsp; high&nbsp; salt&nbsp; ingestion,&nbsp; and&nbsp; low water intake play adverse roles [1]. Cinacalcet hydrochloride is a&nbsp; calciomimetic&nbsp; drug&nbsp; that&nbsp; can&nbsp; activate&nbsp; parathyroid&nbsp; and&nbsp; renal calcium-sensing receptors suppressing synthesis/ secretion of PTH, and&nbsp; reducing&nbsp; calcemia 1. This&nbsp; drug&nbsp; is&nbsp; also&nbsp; used&nbsp; to&nbsp; treat secondary&nbsp; hyperparathyroidism&nbsp; in&nbsp; people&nbsp; with&nbsp; kidney&nbsp; failure [1]. </p> Archives of Renal Diseases and Management - Peertechz Publications 2017-05-17 Letter to Editor https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-5495.000018 en Copyright © Vitorino Modesto dos Santos et al.