https://www.organscigroup.us/journals/archives-of-otolaryngology-and-rhinology A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 12 Feb, 2026 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-12-264.php Introduction: Endoscopic removal of a dangerous foreign body can pose a risk of complications such as perforation of the digestive tract. In this case, cervicotomy is a highly effective alternative. In this topic, the authors describe the extraction by esophagotomy of a denture with four teeth and two metal clasps performed in the ENT department of Hopital Principal de Dakar. Patient: A 22-year-old patient, with no known medical history, was referred by another hospital and admitted to our structure 4 days after ingestion of a foreign body, such as a denture. The accident occurred following a seizure, due to an epileptic crisis, after the announcement of his brother's death. A standard chest X-ray revealed a metallic-looking image at the cervical esophagus at C5, resembling the clasps of a denture. He underwent endoscopic extraction under general anesthesia without success. External extraction was done after antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy. The postoperative course was marked by mild dysphonia, and endoscopy revealed hypomobility of the left vocal cord. The patient was fed through a nasogastric tube for two weeks. An esophago-gastro-duodenal transit was performed to ensure the absence of an esophagotracheal fistula, and a swallowing test was performed before oral feeding. Conclusion: External esophagotomy is an effective and safe alternative for the removal of dangerous foreign bodies. ENT specialists should keep this in mind to avoid fatal complications of forced endoscopic removal. 20 Dec, 2025 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-11-263.php Introduction: Maxillary sinus cancers are a rare and complex pathological entity, often overlooked due to their low incidence and specific anatomical location. The study aimed to report epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical data and to evaluate the results of treatment. Methods: This is a retrospective, analytical, and descriptive study analyzing 79 cases of maxillary sinus cancer hospitalized and treated in the ENT department over 7 years, from January 2017 to December 2023. Results: The mean age of our patients was 49 years, and the sex ratio (M/F) was 1.27. The predominant symptoms included nasal obstruction (70%) and paranasal or palatal swelling, while advanced forms presented with ophthalmological signs in 22.22% of cases. A scan was performed in 69 patients (87.3%). The diagnostic certainty remains anatomopathological. Thus, 50.6% of cases were squamous cell carcinomas, followed by 16.5% adenocarcinomas. In terms of treatment, 45 patients underwent ipsilateral maxillectomy with reconstruction, supplemented by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in 37 patients and radiotherapy alone in 8 others. Overall survival was 56%, with two cases of tumor progression and one case of recurrence. Overall survival was 56%. The cancer progression was marked by continued progression in two patients and one case of tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Maxillary sinus cancers, although rare, represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to their anatomical and clinical complexity. A multidisciplinary approach and increased vigilance are essential to optimize their management and improve patient prognosis. 30 Sep, 2025 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-11-262.php Objective: OME is one of the most prevalent childhood diseases across the globe. OME is a disorder that most commonly begins in childhood but is seen in all ages and is the leading cause of hearing loss and speech difficulties, leading to impaired educational performance in children. This report will review the information that supports recent studies, which have shown that nearly 100% of OME patients are allergic and that when these allergies are properly treated, the patient’s effusion will resolve. Methods: In order to characterize the relation of allergy or infection to OME, we measured ECP, MPO, and tryptase in effusion from 97 patients. Biopsies from both normal and diseased patients were taken from the promontory of their middle ear and stained for mast cells. All patients underwent allergy testing. Results: Nearly all OME patients responded to immunotherapy. Conclusion: This data introduces a paradigm shift in the approach to children presenting with OME requiring tubes, as nearly 100% of OME patients are allergic, and unlike the use of antibiotics, which only treat the current episode, when their allergies were properly treated with immunotherapy, the patient’s tendency to experience recurrent effusions all resolved. 17 Jun, 2025 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-11-261.php Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) describes a prevalent inflammatory process within the middle-ear space that is generally associated with the accumulation of fluid. 26 Apr, 2025 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-11-260.php We have proposed the theory of lipid metabolism disorders, which clearly states that the risk factors from the digestive tract are the most important. Objective: To confirm the effectiveness of Dou Kang and dietary control in treating allergic rhinitis. Method: We selected 3 patients with severe allergies and treated them with Dou Kang and dietary control. Our main outcome measures were symptoms including sneezing, runny nose, itchy nose, nasal congestion. Results: The patients showed significant improvement. Conclusion: In addition to desensitization therapy, effective alternative methods are available to treat allergic rhinitis. 25 Apr, 2025 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-11-259.php Introduction: Pediatric tracheostomy is a crucial surgical procedure that ensures airway patency in children suffering from a variety of respiratory pathologies. In recent decades, this procedure has gained importance, particularly due to significant advances in neonatal and pediatric intensive care. Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical features, complications, indications, and sequelae of tracheotomies in children at the ENT Department of National University Hospital of Fann and Albert Royer Children’s Hospital in Dakar, Senegal. Patients and method: We performed a retrospective analytical multicenter and descriptive study at ENT Department of Fann teaching and neonatal services at Albert Royer Hospital in Dakar, Senegal, over a period of 4 years (from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2022), including the records of children of both sexes, aged 0 to 15 years and hospitalized in NHN’s ENT and. Data was entered on World and Excel 2016, data processing and analysis on the Sphinx software (e.g., chi-square, t-test, etc.) . Results: We recorded Thirty-five (35) cases of tracheotomy. The average age was 6.50 years with 8-day and 15-year extremes. The sex ratio was 1.7. The highest number of tracheotomies was recorded in 2022 with 12 cases. Laryngeal dyspnea was the most frequent reason for consultation with 70.6%, followed by the laryngeal stridor with 23.5%. The clinical examination found signs of struggle in 33% of cases and Stage 3 and 4 dyspnea as per Chevalier Jackson and Pineau classification . In the indications of tracheotomy, acquired tracheal stenosis was more frequent with 22.8% of cases and malignant tumor pathologies with 20%. Emergency tracheotomy was performed in 25 patients (71.4%) . The scheduled tracheostomy was performed in 10 patients, or 28.6%. General anesthesia was used in 71% of cases and local anesthesia in 29%. The cutaneous incision was vertical in 29 patients, 82.9% and transverse in 6 patients, 17.1%. In the tracheotomy, 9 patients (25.7%) had complications. For 9 patients tracheotomized (25.7%), the evolution was towards death. De-cannulation was achieved in 10 patients (28.6%) . The average decannulation time is 34 days with extremes of 1 day and 210 days. Nine patients or 25.7% of the cases died with their cannulas still in place. Conclusion: Regardless of the indication, tracheotomy is a life-saving procedure whose utility and effectiveness are well-established. Mastery of the technique, rigorous monitoring, and postoperative care are the key factors in minimizing the risk of complications. 03 Feb, 2025 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-11-258.php Introduction: Goiter is a localized or diffuse hypertrophy of the thyroid gland. During its evolution, this hypertrophy can lead to compression of neighboring organs, a condition known as compressive goiter. This is a rare entity in thyroid pathology, and few studies have been carried out. Many studies have been carried out on thyroid pathologies in general, but few have focused on compressive goiter. This study aimed to outline the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary profile of compressive goiters. Material and methods: This was a retrospective study from January 2012 to December 2021 of all patients diagnosed and operated on for compressive goiter in the ENT department of FANN. The parameters studied were age, sex, family history of goiter, signs of compression, type of thyroidectomy, histology, and postoperative course. Results: We identified 65 patients with compressive goiter. The sex ratio was 0.12 (m/f). A family history of goiter was found in 23.07% of cases. A cervicothoracic CT scan was performed in 26.15% of cases. Total thyroidectomy was performed in all our patients, and we noted 18.47% complications during post-operative follow-up. Anatomopathological data showed a benign goiter in 70.48% of our series. Conclusion: Compressive goiter is a rare thyroid disease that can be life-threatening because of compression. Total thyroidectomy remains the treatment of choice. 31 Dec, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-10-257.php Introduction: Lip cancer is uncommon but not exceptional among malignant tumors. The study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of malignant lip tumors treated in the ENT Department of the National University Hospital of Fann in Dakar, Senegal. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study in the ENT Department of Fann, over fourteen years (6 January -31 December, 2023), involving patients with lip cancers confirmed by pathology. The parameters studied included demographic characteristics, lifestyle patterns, clinical and pathological features, and treatment outcomes, analyzed using descriptive statistics with Excel 2013 software. Results: 36 cases were collected. The mean age of the patient was 58,5 years, with a sex ratio of 1.12. Poor oral health was identified as the primary risk factor, followed by prolonged exposure to sunlight. The predominant site was in the lower lip, accounting for 72,2% of cases. The most common appearance was budding and ulcerative (61,1%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type, found in 97,2% of cases. Tumors were classified as T4 in 64% of patients. Surgical treatment was performed on 28 patients, with flap reconstruction utilized (pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap 30,5%). The carcinological progression was characterized by 4 cases of continued evolution, 1 case of tumor recurrence, and a mortality rate of 35%. Conclusion: Lip cancers mainly develop in the lower lip. Surgical treatment and reconstruction depend on the size and location of the tumor and should aim to achieve satisfactory aesthetic and functional results. 15 Oct, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-10-256.php Objective: Preoperative ultrasound-guided breast cancer detection was developed in the 1980s for non-palpable breast cancers. This technique was applied to neck surgery in 5 specific cases. Methods: Retrospective study to assess the efficacy and safety of this technique. Results: The mean surgical time was 35.2 ± 15.2 min. There were no complications of this percutaneous target location procedure. All surgical procedures allowed easy target retrieval without any complications. All targets were later confirmed to be the site of cancer. Conclusion: This adaptation of a senology technique to the head and neck region allows us to improve neck procedures by enhancing diagnostic precision, safety, and surgical efficiency. 08 Aug, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-10-255.php Introduction: During the COVID-19 lockdown children, confined at home, had a potentially increased risk of domestic accidents like the placement of foreign bodies in ears and noses. Thus, we analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) consultations in the ED of Giannina Gaslini Children’s Hospital in Genoa due to foreign bodies (FB). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all ED admissions in our Institute due to an ENT diagnosis in a year of COVID-19 emergency starting from the first day of school closure, the February 24th, 2020 (COVID-19, group A), and compared them with data from the same period of the previous year (pre COVID-19, group B). We then compared the incidence of nasal and ear FB in these two periods. We also evaluated differences in the clinical severity, type of foreign bodies, presence of complications, and need for hospitalization in these two groups. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant decrease in the need for ENT consultations (19% Group A vs. 23% Group B, p &lt; 0.001). However, the percentage of ENT consultations for all FB increased (8% Group A vs. 4% Group B, p &lt; 0.001), as well as for nose FB (0.6% vs.1.8%, p &lt; 0.001), and ear FB (0.9% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.005). Conclusion: COVID-19 lockdown increased ENT ED accesses for foreign bodies, even though the overall need for ENT specialists in the ED decreased. 20 Jul, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-10-254.php This article examines the fundamental statements of Bekesy's traveling wave theory in hearing and proposes an updated perspective on auditory information processing mechanisms. It argues that the traditional theory does not adequately account for non-mammalian auditory mechanisms, as many species effectively perceive sound without a basilar membrane or cochlear fluids. It suggests alternative pathways for sound signal reception directly to the receptor, bypassing traditional structures like the basilar membrane. This reevaluation raises significant doubts about the resonance capability and the actual role of the basilar membrane in hearing, suggesting that current understandings of auditory processing may be fundamentally limited and not universally applicable across different species. 30 Mar, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-10-253.php Objective: There is a plethora of research showing reduced speech intelligibility for a variety of voice disorders (i.e., dysphonia, alaryngeal). Therapeutic approaches to improve intelligibility typically involve targeting the speaker (e.g., clear speech, reduced rate) with minimal attention to the listener. Therefore, there were three purposes of this study: 1) to determine the impact of background noise on the speech intelligibility of disordered speakers; 2) to determine the impact of providing listeners with perceptual-learning strategies on the speech intelligibility of speakers with a voice disorder; and 3) to determine if subjective ratings of voice quality can predict speech intelligibility. Methods: Sentences were recorded from 12 speakers (2 typical, 3 alaryngeal, 7 dysphonic). Sentences were divided into one of three groups of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR: quiet, +5 dB SNR, and 0 dB SNR) and individually presented to 129 healthy listeners divided into one of three groups (i.e., control, acknowledgment of disorder, cognitive-perceptual strategies). Orthographic transcription was used to assess speech intelligibility. In addition, three expert listeners provided subjective voice quality ratings of all speakers. Results: Listeners had significantly more intelligibility errors with increased background noise (p <.001) and providing strategies to listeners did not result in a statistical improvement level F(6, 486) = 1.53, p = .17, η2p = 0.02. Regression analysis showed that the subjective voice quality overall severity was able to predict speech intelligibility in the noisy condition (0 dB SNR), accounting for 37% of the variance, R2 = .365, F(1,10) = 5.759, p = .037. Conclusion: Results suggest that increased background noise has a deleterious effect on the speech intelligibility of those with a voice disorder but that providing listeners with strategies in hopes of improving speaker intelligibility was not successful. Results did provide support, however, for the use of subjective voice quality ratings as a potential index of speech intelligibility. 17 Feb, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-10-252.php Oral injuries are common in abused children. In non-mobile infants, these injuries are often inflicted by various instruments, or by hands, fingers, or bottles during feedings. Subsequently, an infant may suffer lacerations/bruising to the tongue, alveolar mucosa, frenum, or the soft and/or hard palate. Rarely, pharyngeal or esophageal perforations may occur from penetrating trauma. This is a unique case of an infant with facial bruising who presented with oral and nasal bleeding and was ultimately discovered to have a palatal laceration with complete bisection of the uvula. Clinicians need to consider abuse when infants present with oral injuries. 22 Dec, 2023 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-9-251.php Objective: To study the morphological peculiarities of the left and right Inferior Laryngeal Nerves (ILN) in the anterior cervical region and their variations induced by thyroid pathology. Materials and methods: The study concerned 30 patients who underwent thyroidectomy at the ENT and cervico-facial surgery department of Idrissa POUYE general hospital (HOGIP) from June 1st, 2018 to June 30, 2019. Age, sex, morphotype, operative indication, type of thyroidectomy, route, morphometry, and mode of termination of the ILN were studied. Results: The mean age was 42 years. There were 29 women and one man. Eleven patients (36.7%) were brevilinear, 8 patients (26.6%) were longilinear and 11 patients (36.7%) were of intermediate morphotype. Multinodular goiter was the indication for surgery in 18 cases. A total of 53 ILNs were studied (29 left and 24 right). Path variations concerned 8 left recurrent nerves (28%). The mean diameter of the ILN was 2mm. Longilinear patients and those with intermediate morphotypes had the longest recurrent nerves, while brevilinear patients had the thickest nerves. On the right, the ILN was bifid in 10 cases (41.6%), trifurcated in 3 cases (12.5%), and fan-shaped in 1 case (4.1%). On the left, it was bifid in 23 cases (79.3%) and trifurcated in 2 cases (6.8%). Conclusion: The caliber of the recurrent nerve is relatively large, and can sometimes be spindly, especially on the right. Morphotype may predict ILN dimensions. Extra-laryngeal division of the ILN is a common situation. 22 Dec, 2023 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-9-250.php Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are lymphoid malignant neoplasms with diverse biological and clinical behavior. They rarely affect the nasopharynx. Most patients respond well to chemotherapy, which may be combined with radiotherapy but relapses are frequent. We report the case of a 52-year-old female patient first treated for abdominal B lymphoma which recurred 13 years later in the nasopharynx after a complete response to initial treatment. The patient complained of rhinolalia and bilateral purulent rhinorrhea. Chemotherapy controlled the lesion. Thus we must consider a second nasopharyngeal location of NHML in cases of nasopharyngeal signs with associated cervical lymph nodes. 31 Oct, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-8-248.php Rhinologists may be one of the highest-risk subspecialties in otolaryngology for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 as the sinonasal passage seems to be a reservoir for the virus. Previous data indicate nasal epithelial cells express the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2). However, no data exist profiling the regional expression of ACE2 or the expression of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), an additional protease necessary for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, within the sinonasal cavity. We sought to assess for anatomic expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 throughout the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. We hypothesize that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed throughout the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. To test this hypothesis, we sampled various regions of the sinonasal cavity from patients undergoing rhinology procedures and used immunohistochemical staining to profile ACE2, compare ACE2 expression between regions, and compare ACE2 expression between patients and patient characteristics. We found ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are present throughout the sinonasal cavity without a regional pattern among anatomic regions in our patients. We found no statistically significant correlation in ACE2 expression with patient characteristics such as age, sex, or BMI. We also did not find a statistically significant correlation between ACE2 and TMPRSS2 quantitative expression. ACE2 expression trended higher in males compared to females for six out of seven regions excluding the nasal floor. In conclusion, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed ubiquitously throughout the sinonasal cavity. ACE2 expression may be higher in the sinonasal cavity in males compared to females. These data implicate that SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to discriminate between anatomic regions as a point of entry and that anatomic regions likely are similar in viral load. Thus, all rhinology and skull base surgeries, independent of encounter of the anatomic region in the sinonasal cavity, predicate screening for SARS-CoV-2, and necessary personal protective equipment. 21 Sep, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-8-247.php Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome. Globally, COVID-19 has infected more than 573 million people, with over 6.3 million deaths on July 27, 2022. The symptoms range from cold-like symptoms, cough, fever, shortness of breath, and sore throat; additionally, studies show that patients frequently have problems with smell and taste disorders (STD). Aim: We aim to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19-related anosmia, hyposmia, and parosmia in Alahssa, Saudi Arabia and establish the level of awareness of smell exercises. Patients and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among adults aged 18–60 living in Alahssa, Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire containing an informed consent form and a survey to collect demographic data, vaccination status, level of loss of smell and taste, and the level of awareness about smell exercises was distributed among all participants who agreed to participate in this study. Results: Five hundred twenty-four adults agreed to participate in this study. When we assessed their awareness of the smelling exercise, it was found that only 115 patients (21.9%) were aware. About 49 patients (61.3%) practiced the smelling exercise, and 55% reported improvements afterward. Conclusion: The prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were found to be 54.6% and 52.5%, respectively. Awareness of olfactory training was moderately low among those infected with COVID-19, while 28% of the patients who had experienced olfactory disturbances were aware of this training. Active, collaborative research is essential for describing the natural history and effective therapy of chemosensory impairment in COVID-19. 29 Jul, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-8-246.php Introduction: Smoking is a common tendency among all social classes around the globe, especially in the working population. Objective: To assess the significant link between tobacco and cigarette smoking and its effect on hearing among smokers as there is limited study on this aspect of the Indian population particularly with a high-frequency hearing threshold. Methodology: Cross-sectional study carried out on patients attending the OPD in ENT and Head & Neck Surgery Department of Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital. The sample size came to be 90. Results: In smokers, there were 72 (80%) males and 18 (20%) females while in the non-smoker group, there were 53 (58.8%) males and 37 (41.11%) females, and 39 (43.3%) subjects belonging to the rural population while 51 (56.7%) subjects belong to an urban population. out of 90 subjects, 43 (30.3%) had cochlear deafness followed by 40 (28.2%) who had normal hearing and 7 (4.9%) had retrocochlear deafness. Conclusion: Tobacco has the power to reduce the ability to hear, mainly causing a sensorineural hearing loss at higher frequencies. 04 May, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-8-245.php In the paper, attention was paid to the procedure of reception and transforming auditory information, which does not comply with Bekesy’s traveling wave theory. This concerns the sound reception below the hearing threshold in some animals and birds. Discussed are some issues related to the traveling wave theory with an explanation of directional hearing. Indicated was a possibility of reception, especially, of high frequencies, directly on the receptor, without the basilar membrane, due to the conduction of sound waves through soft tissues and a bone. 04 Jan, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-8-244.php Background: Smell loss is a challenging clinical problem. There is still no evidence-based medical intervention to treat patients with persistent smell loss as a result of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim is to analyze the efficacy of treating patients with persistent smell loss due to COVID-19 using olfactory training (OT) combined with nasal steroid irrigation. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 196 COVID-19 patients with persistent smell loss were recruited. All patients underwent two testing sessions. At the first session, patients were examined by a history taking followed by an Otorhinolaryngological examination including, a thorough nasal endoscopy. In addition, an olfactory performance assessment was performed to assess the severity of smell loss. All patients were then treated with OT and nasal steroid irrigation with budesonide for 12 weeks. The second session includes an olfactory performance assessment to assess if there is an improvement in olfactory function. Results: Patients after treatment showed improvement in overall Threshold-Detection-Identification (TDI) score, odor detection threshold score, odor discrimination score, and odor identification score, which were higher than before treatment. Statistically significant differences before and after treatment results were very pronounced for the overall TDI score (p = 0.014) and odor detection threshold score (p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in odor discrimination (p = 0.08) or odor identification (p = 0.126) scores before and after treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study support the efficacy of the combination of budesonide nasal irrigation and OT in treating persistent smell loss due to COVID-19 infection. 13 Dec, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-7-243.php Otolaryngologists, like Pediatricians, often see patients with chronic rhino-sinusitis and draining ears. Surgeons can offer various procedures, from simple tympanostomy tubes to advanced sinus and turbinate operations, in which significant portions of bone and mucosa are removed. The rates of reinfection are often reduced [1] but failures occur. 31 Jul, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-7-242.php Unusual laryngeal and tracheobronchial obstructing lesions are seen on occasion [1-3]. A patient was evaluated by his primary physician and pulmonologist due to symptoms referable to his chest including a cough and shortness of breath. Evaluation, including lexible bronchoscopy, revealed a primary carcinoma of the left upper lobe of the long. 26 Jul, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-7-241.php Objectives: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on sleep parameters in severe obstructive sleep apnea patients. Patients/methods: Data regarding apnea-hypopnea index, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, rapid-eye-movement (REM) density, REM latency, total REM episodes during polysomnography and continuous positive airway pressure titration according to the obstructive sleep apnea severity were compared. Results: Of the 51 patients whose charts were reviewed, the average age was 46.47±10.62 years and the mean body mass index was 31.71±4.97 kg/m2. Thirty-two patients who had an apnea-hypopnea index between 30 and 60/h included to the Group 1 and 19 patients who had an apnea-hypopnea index ≥60/h included to the Group 2. Among all studied parameters, only rapid-eye-movement latency showed statistical significance between the studied groups. Changes in rapid-eye-movement latency differed significantly among patients during polysomnography and continuous positive airway pressure titration in Group 2 (p=0.003). Indeed, these changes were higher in Group 2 patients with more severe obstructive sleep apnea compared to those with Group1 severe obstructive sleep apnea (p=0.003). Conclusion: In conclusion, our investigations show that continuous positive airway pressure treatment results in a significant decrease in rapid-eye-movement latency among patients with more severe obstructive sleep apnea. 11 Jun, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-7-240.php The Anterior Jugular Venous System &#40;AJVS&#41; comprises a pair of anterior jugular veins and jugular venous arch, which plays an important role in the interconnection between superficial and deep veins. Anatomical variation of the AJVS predisposes one to dangerous complications during procedures involving head and neck region. Furthermore, these aberrant anatomies may manifest in various clinical forms which may be a challenge to diagnose. In the present study, we report a case of a enlarged jugular venous arch inducing a tumor-mimicking lesion in suprasternal notch. The knowledge about these anatomical variations can assist the physicians in interpreting neck masses and preventing iatrogenic injury. 03 May, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-7-239.php Background: Supraclavicular flap is an excellent fasciocutaneous flap for head and neck reconstruction due to its close color and texture match. The aim of this study is to present supraclavicular artery island flap as an alternative choice in patients who need a free flap like radial forearm or ALT flap for reconstruction of oral mucosal defects, but are not fit for such microsurgical procedures. Material and methods: This study was carried out in the Plastic Surgery Department of GMC Srinagar. It involved 12 patients, in whom supraclavicular artery island flap was done to reconstruct oral lining defects from January 2018 to December 2020. Results: The study involved 12 patients (9 males and 3 females). Mean age was 26.5 years (range 12-57 years). The cause of oral mucosal defect was post tumour resection in eight, fire arm injury in three, and corrosive injury in one patient. The following complications occurred: partial distal necrosis in 1 case, and donor site graft loss in 1case. All complications were managed conservatively. Conclusion: This flap is thin, malleable, and is easily and rapidly harvested with minimal donor site morbidity. It can be used for single stage reconstruction of many types of head and neck defects. 31 Mar, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-7-238.php Background: There is a paucity of information on listener perceptions of Individuals with a Laryngectomy (IWL) based on different modes of speech, in particular, speech following Supracricoid Laryngectomy (SCL). The purpose of this study was to determine whether listeners have different perceptions of an IWL based on type of surgery, mode of speech, and mode of presentation. Methods: 35 naïve listeners (29 female, 6 male, mean age 31.1 years) were randomly presented with recordings of a standard reading passage produced by 15 different speakers (5 modes of speech x 3 speakers each mode) in both audio-only and audio-visual presentation mode. Listeners rated each speaker using a visual analog scale (10 cm line) on factors related to personality, comfort of speech, and voice quality. Results: A multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) showed significant differences in mode of presentation (p<.001), mode of speech (p<.001), and a significant interaction effect between mode of presentation and mode of speech (p<.001). Conclusions: Overall results suggest the following: IWL are perceived more favorably in the audio-visual mode; normal laryngeal speakers are perceived more favorably than all modes of alaryngeal speech and esophageal speech was perceived as the least favorable across most of the factors. 09 Dec, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-237.php Introduction: Total Laryngectomy (TL) has to be performed in advanced hypopharyngeal or laryngeal cancer, with the consequence of both the loss of the vocal functions and the impairment or loss of smell and taste. Since less attention is turned towards the recovery of the olfactory function compared to the vocal rehabilitation, the Nasal Airflow-Induced Maneuver (NAIM) was proposed as a useful smell recovery method. In this short note, we report the results of the olfactory rehabilitation procedures by performing the NAIM technique in ten total laryngectomized patients with the evaluation of both the subjective olfactory detection and the olfactory discrimination, recognition and identification of odorous substances and we would emphasize the role of speech therapists in this rehabilitative procedure. Materials and methods: Ten total laryngectomized patients were proposed to undergo an olfactory rehabilitation cycle performed by speech therapists by employing the NAIM technique. The subjective olfactory detection was evaluate at three different time intervals during the rehabilitation cycle. The olfactory discrimination, recognition and identification capability was considered both during and 12 moths after the end of the rehabilitation treatment. Results: The NAIM performed together with the speech therapist ameliorated significantly all olfactory functions.evidence and the functional recovery was confirmed 12 months after the end of the rehabilitation cycle, thus the role of speech therapists appears relevant in both the olfactory recovery and the maintenance of the regained olfactory capability. Conclusion: The role of speech therapists should be aimed not exclusively towards the recovery of the vocal functions, but also towards the recovery of the olfactory functions. Speech therapists are able to adjust the original NAIM method to the specific need of each patient. Therefore, the role of speech therapists should be considered highly relevant to regain the olfactory function to allow again a good quality of life even after TL surgery. 23 Nov, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-236.php Objectives: Optimization of the sinus-lifting in patients with filling material in maxillary sinus cavity by a one-stage endonasal endoscopic elimination of the sinus pathology and carrying out a sinus-lifting. Materials and methods: A total of 14 patients (8 males and 6 females, the age was 31 to 64 years, from 2016 to 2020) with ridge defects in age group were selected for the study. All patients had a partially or totally edentulous atrophied posterior maxilla. All patients underwent a thorough clinical examination according to a generally accepted scheme. For sinus surgery, used endoscope is 4.0 mm diameter rigid endoscope (Karl Storz). The fungal material, and hypertrophic mucosa within the maxillary sinus were removed and sent for pathological analysis.Sinus lifting procedures were performed using a lateral window approach. A total of 23 sinus lifting procedures were performed, using a mixture of bovine bone, autogenous bone and PRP. According to our surgical procedure we performed in our patients 1 a 2 stage sinus lifting, 46 implants were inserted.Dental prosthetic rehabilitation was undertaken 5 months after implants insertion and submerged healing. Implant success was assessed clinically and radiographically. The height of the graft and bone density was measured 6th and 9th month after surgery using serial CT. The following parameters were assessed: failure of the augmentation procedure, implant failure, and vertical bone height. Results: Any intraoperative and postoperative complications, such asbleeding, membrane perforation, swelling, ecchymosis, pain, nasal bleeding, and infection, were recorded clinically and radiographically. Of the 46 implants placed in these 12 patients, 2 failed to osseointegrate. The CT examination showed the presence of dense bone around and above the implants. The implants appeared to be well integrated with no peri-implant bone loss. At 5 years follow up, excellent integration of grafted tissue, steady levels of bone around the implants and healthy peri-implant tissues were reported. Implants placed in the reconstructed areas were demonstrated to integrate normally, postoperative occlusal function and esthetics have been favorable. Conclusion: The method of simultaneous endonasal sanitation of the maxillary sinus, sinus-lifting, dental implantation, allows to reduce the probability of perforation of the membrane, significantly shortening the rehabilitation period of patients with insufficient bone tissue in the maxillary sinus. These methods led to simpler, more comfortable, lower risks of morbidity, more predictable compared to more invasive maxillary sinus augmentation. 20 Nov, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-235.php Background: Since the outbreak began in late December 2019, COVID-19 has been declared a global pandemic, with over 3 million cases reported worldwide. COVID-19 is known to present commonly with symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, myalgias, loss of sense of taste and smell. Otalgia and hearing loss have been reported very rarely. We present a case of upper respiratory tract infection with involvement of the sinuses and middle ear secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case report: A 69-year-old woman presented with fever, productive cough, bilateral earache, and diminished hearing for 5 days prior to admission. On examination, her temperature was 38.2 C, respirations 22/min, pulse rate 112/min, with O2 saturation of 96%. Otoscopy revealed erythema and opacification of the left tympanic membrane suggestive of otitis media. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing from nasopharyngeal swab. Chest x-ray revealed vascular congestion but no parenchymal opacities. A diagnosis of upper respiratory infection due to SARS-CoV-2 involving the sphenoid sinus and both middle ears was made based on head CT scan. Conclusion: COVID-19 most commonly presents with fever and respiratory symptoms, including cough, shortness of breath, anosmia, hyposmia, dysgeusia and sore throat. Involvement of the ear and sinuses from upper respiratory tract infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been previously reported in very limited case reports. We are presenting this case because we believe these findings should possibly alert clinicians to suspect SARS-CoV-2 infection and take proper protective measures to prevent the spread of infection. 29 Oct, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-234.php In this paper we described the importance and how is performed the echography for measuring the diameter of trachea for determining the proper tracheal tube size before intubation. 24 Oct, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-233.php Endoscopic Endonasal Approach (EEA) has been used frequently in recent years, especially for the sellar pathologies. Although there is an increase in extent of tumor resection rates, the rates of CSF leakage appear to be high in patients undergoing EEA surgery. The use of pediculed nasoseptal flaps is gradually increasing for the prevention of rinorrheae. In pathologies requiring an extended approach such as extensive skull base tumors, ENT surgeon and neurosugeon collaborative works are considerable. In this way, both the exposure required for surgery can be achieved and postoperative nasal complications can be minimized by ensuring the protection of sinonasal structures. 20 Oct, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-232.php Objective: Early nutritional intervention through enteral feeding can reduce treatment alterations and complications in patients with Oropharyngeal Cancer (OPC) undergoing Chemoradiation Treatment (CRT). There is no conclusive evidence supporting prophylactic (pPEG) versus reactive PEG. Prolonged PEG dependence is a concerning adverse effect of pPEG. Recognition of risk factors for pPEG can trigger early interventions to prevent prolonged dependence. This study aims to identify the risk factors for prolonged pPEG dependence in a sample of oropharyngeal cancer patient population treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy at our institution. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 75 OPC patients with definitive CRT and pPEG tube placement at our institution. The relationships between potential predictors and time to pPEG tube removal were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards univariate and multivariate modeling. Results: Prophylactic PEG tube use at one year was 15.1% based on estimates from the Kaplan-Meier curve. After adjusting for patient- and treatment- factors, mucositis grade and advanced cancer stage remained significant predictors of delayed pPEG tube removal in the multivariate model. Conclusion: High grade mucositis, tumor location, and advanced cancer stage contribute to delayed pPEG tube removal, but these characteristics may also place patients at highest risk for reactive PEG tube placement. Although this study is limited in size and design, it describes the characteristics of a population with pPEG placement, as well as factors for delayed PEG tube removal. 15 Sep, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-231.php Sinus surgery, septoplasty—with or without turbinate reduction—and rhinoplasty are among the most common surgical procedures performed by our specialty. In 2006, 600,000 sinus surgeries were performed in the United States [1]. A recent paper reported more than 300,000 rhinoplasties done per year [1,2]. Septoplasties and ancillary procedures accounted for an additional 489,000 procedures [1]. 25 Aug, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-230.php Objective: To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the SAI flap as an alternative for free flap in reconstruction of oral cavity defects. Methods: We report a case series of 21 patients undergoing reconstructive operation from January 2018, through September 2019 after ablation of oral cavity malignant tumor. Results: Mean flap dimensions were 5.6 cm wide and 24.2 cm long. Harvest time was 30 – 45 min. There are 6 patients with minor dehiscence and 2 patients requiring prolonged wound care. We have 2 patients with partial skin flap necrosis and one patient having complete loss of the flap. Conclusion: The SAI flap provides a reliable choice for oncologic defects of the oral cavity. This flap is easy to raise. However, it is difficult to reconstruct the complex oral cavity defects with the SAI flap because of the limited length and limited rotation arc. 17 Aug, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-229.php Background and objective: Septoplasty is the common surgical procedure performed in nasal septal deviation. Nasal obstruction is the most frequent presentation to the otolaryngologist all over the world with septal deviation. Patients usually presented with headache, epistaxis, ophthalmological, otological, upper and lower respiratory tract infections; and many more. Physical examination, Anterior Rhinoscopy (AR) and Nasal Endoscopy (NE) are considered the gold standard tools to detect septal deviation. Computed Tomography (CT) contributes in the evaluation of the nasal septum, anatomical variants and unveils the associated sinonasal diseases. This study aimed to assess the contribution of CT in endoscopic septoplasty for long term benefits to the patients. Patients and methods: 188 patients of nasal septal deviation were selected from 2015 to 2019 in the Bangladesh Medical and Popular Medical College Specialized Hospital. Age ranged in between 10 year to 70 year of age. CT scanning in both coronal, axial and sagittal sections had been done in all patients after proper history taking, physical examination, anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopy. Endoscopic septoplasty alone and/or other ancillary procedures were performed in all 188 patients under general anesthesia. Results: Among 188 patients, male was 126 (67%) and female was 62 (33%) with a ratio 2:1. Maximum 63 (34%) reported in 31 to 40 year and 54 (29%) was found in 21 to 31 year of age. Hypertrophied Inferior Turbinate (HIT) 74 (39%) and 54 (29%) concha bullosa (CB) were associated with 188 septal deviation. Associated pathologies like maxillary sinusitis 82 (44%) and maxillary antral cyst 78 (41%) were documented. Conclusion: CT scanning detects the abnormal anatomic variants and associated sinonasal pathologies along with nasal septal deviation. Endoscopic septoplasty, correction of the anatomical variants and complete surgical clearance of the sinonasal pathologies can give the patient a long term outcome. 11 Aug, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-228.php Para-Pharyngeal Space (PPS) is an inverted cone-shaped potential space that extends from the hyoid bone to the base of the skull. It is filled with fat and areolar tissue lie laterally on either sides of pharynx; and is bounded and subdivided by various condensations of fascia. Tumors, although rare less than1% of head neck neoplasm can arise from any structures of this space. Mostly they are benign 70-80% and 20-30% are malignant. Salivary gland tumor, particularly deep lobe parotid constitutes more than 80%. Imaging studies are invaluable to define the site of origin, extension, relationship to the great vessels of the neck and other neurovascular structures. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Several approaches have been discussed in the text books. We present a case of a huge para-pharyngeal space tumor that was excised completely through trans-cervical approach without any morbidly. 28 Jul, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-227.php Introduction: Opioids have been used as pain medications in the United States since the late 1990s and have become increasingly common since then. Following the declaration of a public health emergency by the US Department of Health and Human Services (US-HHS), the author switched from opioid-based pain management to non-opioid-based pain management without any significant pain concerns from his postoperative patients. The primary purpose of this article was to demonstrate how much opioids in morphine milligram equivalents (MME) was prescribed per month by the author according to Michigan Prescription Monitoring Program (PMP) Prescriber Activity Reports before and after 2018 for management of pain in his otolaryngology postoperative surgical patients. Methods: A retrospective research methodology was employed for this investigation. Michigan PMP Prescriber Reports were collected before and after 2018 and were included in this study. Results: The author prescribed opioid pain medications before the HHS declaration. After the HHS declaration, the author prescribes acetaminophen and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). The number of opioid prescriptions from the author were remarkably low compared to similar prescribers and others within the author’s specialty. Prescription by MME showed no notable difference in MME values from 0-50 before and after the HHS declaration among the author and SP groups, but a notable drop of MME values from 51-90 among all groups after the HHS declaration. Discussion: The author discourages the use of opioid pain medications for routine otolaryngology procedures. This study demonstrates the effective use of acetaminophen with or without NSAIDs (ibuprofen and diclofenac) to facilitate patient care absent of the well-established dangers of opioid use. 27 Jul, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-226.php Background: Rigid bronchoscopy is a common procedure and treatment of choice for foreign body (FB) in respiratory tract. Blind suctioning using rigid suction cannula is associated with technical difficulties and complications. Under vision flexible cannula are expensive and not commonly available. This led us to discover the alternative of using Ureteral catheters flexible suction cannula for under vision suctioning. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the department of Surgery at tertiary hospitals, from January 2015 to March 2020. Medical records and operative videos were analyzed. Forty two Paediatric patients with foreign body in respiratory tractwere subjected to rigid bronchoscopy and Ureteral catheterwas used as flexible suction cannula for under vision suctioning. Results: Forty two patients (12 infants, 30 between age 1to 8 year; 26 males and 16 females) with FB bronchus subjected to rigid bronchoscopy. N = 32 were having organic FB and n = 10 were having inorganic (Graph 1), duration of FB in Respiratory tract ranged from 6 hours to 8 months, 7 in main bronchus, 33 having unilateral and 2 having Bilateral FB. Operative time ranged from 15 minutes to 75 minutes. 4 patients had slight intraoperative bleed due to mucosal injury, postoperative stay ranged from 1 to 4 days. Conclusion: Use of Ureteral catheterfor under vision suctioning in rigid bronchoscopy in children quite feasible and effective technique. The main advantages in are simplicity, short operative time, Less traumatic, Good vision, with minimal complications. Type of study: Treatment Study. Level of evidence: LEVEL IV, Case series with no comparison group. 14 Jul, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-225.php Background: Facelift procedures are technically challenging and are difficult procedures to consistently achieve good results. Critical evaluation of one’s facelift results in their practice over time is helpful to evaluate progress and to find areas to improve upon so that we can optimize patient results. We evaluated our charts and before and after photographs to improve our quality and examined healing time and long term results. During our review, we discovered a unique observation where we compared the deep plane facelift results to subcutaneous or limited Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System &#40;SMAS&#41; facelifts. 11 Jul, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-224.php Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor, accounting for about 1% of head and neck malignancies and 10% of salivary gland cancers. The laryngeal localization of ACC is particularly rare because of the paucity of accessory salivary glands in this anatomical district. Prevalence is highest in the fifth and sixth decade of life with a slight female predilection and aetiology is unknown. Since laryngeal ACC characteristically grows slowly and occurs in the subglottis, the diagnosis, which is based on the combination of physical examination with fiberoscopy and neck-chest Computerized Tomography (CT), is often delayed. Nowadays the debate is still open about which is the best comprehensive therapy of this tumor. We present the case of a laryngeal ACC in a 68 year-old-woman, treated with total laryngectomy together with bilateral neck dissection and a literature review made with the purpose to point out the most recent advancements towards the definition of a gold-standard therapy. Laryngectomy results as the first choice treatment, while chemotherapy has minimal effects on this neoplasm and radiotherapy alone does not show the capacity to lead to complete resolution, but there is still the need of further studies to clarify the usefulness and the role played by neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy. 30 May, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-223.php Solitary Fibrous Tumor is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor, described as a primary pleural lesion. 50% of the cases are seen in the thorax and only 6 % develop in the head and neck region. Laryngeal involvement is rare, mostly involving the supraglottic larynx. We report a case of Solitary fibrous tumor of the subglottic larynx, which displayed positivity to Immunohistochemical marker CD34, and was excised surgically by an external approach. 27 May, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-222.php Background: Pathologic fractures of the mandible following radiation and embolization can be a challenging problem for patients. Occasionally, patients have already completed the oncologic component of their treatment and are trying to move on with their lives. A pathologic fracture is not only painful, but also a frustrating hindrance as it limits food intake and overall nutrition. In addition, pathologic fractures are challenging to repair. 13 May, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-221.php Objective: To present a rare case of endoscopic removal of maxillary Odontogenic Keratocyst in a paediatric patient. 12 May, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-220.php Objective: The primary purpose of this retrospective study was to determine if a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (diclofenac sodium) plus acetaminophen was as effective as alternative opioid drug regimens, +/- ibuprofen and acetaminophen, for pain management in adults following tonsillectomy. Study design: Retrospective study. Setting: 4 hospitals in Michigan associated with the Detroit Medical Center. Subjects and methods: Medical records of adult tonsillectomy patients (age 18 to 50 Years) were reviewed. The incidences of unscheduled post-operative visits to either the ER or ENT clinic for uncontrolled throat pain and/or postoperative bleeding complications were reviewed. 07 May, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-219.php Background: Aesthetic rhinoplasty is a challenging specialty for surgeons as both the demands​ of patients and physicians are high. Preservation rhinoplasty brings many advances and advantages to the rhinoplasty with the intent of decreasing the need for revision or secondary rhinoplasty through change that is less destructive. Nonetheless, there are often patients in the rhinoplasty surgeon’s practice who have either aesthetic or functional sequelae from previous open or more reduction-oriented procedures. One of the more troublesome complications for the patient to live with, and the surgeon to correct, is vestibular stenosis. 05 May, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-218.php The main difference between the two ears is that they are not in the same place [1]. Use of both the ears to perceive the world of sound around us is defined as Binaural hearing. Just as we use two eyes to see in three dimensions, we use two ears for “dimensional hearing”. Binaural hearing is literally opposite of monaural hearing. It allows us to (a) ‘map’ the sound in space, (b) pick out soft sounds, (c) pick out distant sound or speech and (d) separate a single voice from surrounding background noise. Among the mammals, human is considered to be the one gifted with most developed communication skill. 02 May, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-217.php Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the long-term respiratory system pathologies that may develop in larynx cancer patients who have undergone total laryngectomy operation. Method: A total of 54 larynx cancer patients who have undergone total laryngectomy operation admitted to our clinic during July 2016 – November 2019 due to accompanying respiratory system pathology were retrospectively evaluated with regard to clinical radiologic and histopathologic findings. The findings were examined comparatively with relevant literature data. 23 Apr, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-216.php The objective of this study is to identify trends in demographics, symptoms and treatment of laryngeal cancer and to analyze risk factors contributing to the emergence of this cancer. Review of 679 cases with laryngeal cancer diagnosed between the years 2002 and 2011 in ENT SERVICE in University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa“. Analysis of these case records addressed demographics, risk factors and treatment for cases according to stage, site and TNM classifications. In all cases, their diagnosis has been confirmed by histopathological studies. 21 Apr, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-215.php Chemodectomas of head and neck region are rare, highly vascularized tumors which are categorized with respect to their site of origin and may be observed with periodical imaging or treated using either a single modality or multimodal approach including the primary management strategies of surgery and Radiation Therapy (RT). Temporal Bone Chemodectomas (TBC) include the tympanomastoid chemodectomas with modified Fisch Class A and B, and tympanojugular chemodectomas with modified Fisch Class C and D. An indolent disease course with low growth rate is typical for the majority of these mostly benign tumors, however, abrupt manifestation with severe symptomatology may also occur rarely in affected patients due to the mass effect with or without local invasion of critical neurovascular structures such as the internal carotid artery, jugular bulb, and lower cranial nerves. Affected patients may suffer from a plethora of symptoms such as otalgia, vertigo, pulsatile tinnitus, hearing impairment, headache, dysphagia, and dizziness. While surgery has been the traditional primary mode of treatment for these tumors, RT and more recently radiosurgery have been incorporated in management to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. Herein, we provide a concise review of RT for temporal bone chemodectomas. 18 Apr, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-214.php Microlaryngeal surgery is of great importance in benign larynx diseases because of both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Although it is mostly a safe surgery, because of the surgery involving the upper airways and serious complications that may occur, Anesthesiologists as well as Otorhinolaryngologists should be careful. The risk of difficult intubation may be determined by pre-operative evaluation and tests to be performed and necessary precautions can be taken in advance. Interventions to ensure adequate exposition of the larynx provide great comfort in surgery. For a successful operation, it is essential to pay attention to many important points preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively. The aim of this paper is to define the basic principles of microlaryngeal surgery in benign larynx lesions to increase the operation success and diminish the complication rates in the light of current literature.  14 Apr, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-213.php Introduction: Epistaxis is a frequent condition encountered in an ENT emergency which causes severe anxiety to the patient. Management of epistaxis may become challenging and can necessitate urgent intervention. Objective: To analyze the clinical correlates of nasal bleeding in an ENT emergency setting. Type of study: Retrospective study. 26 Mar, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-6-212.php Objectives: The hyoid bone of the humans hangs in the upper part of the neck. It is connected to the styloid process via the stylohyoid ligament. The bottom edge of the hyoid bone the larynx is attached to the thyrohyoid ligament. In turn, the larynx is connected with the trachea, bronchi and lungs. These structures constitute a complex that is called the Hyoid Bone Complex (HBC). Regulating the respiration HBC operates various human actions such as drinking, laughing, singing, swallowing, vomiting-crying and breathing Upper movements of the HBC inhibit respiration whereas lower movements accelerate respiration. 06 Nov, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-211.php Introduction: Plasmacytomas are tumors that results from monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells. Disseminated form is called Multiple Myeloma (MM) which is characterized by multiple lytic bone lesions on imaging and monoclonal gammopathy. 06 Nov, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-210.php Introduction: Education is a progressing and changing sector of all sciences. Especially in Medicine and Surgery, education has been evolving rapidly the past century and the changes are evident in strategies, methods, evaluation and assessment. Simulation, 3D encounters and small group sessions are replacing books, long exams and large group teaching lectures in an attempt to keep up with technology and innovation. 05 Nov, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-209.php Objective: To explore the hypothesis that a low-frequency hearing loss would not significantly impair an individual’s auditory temporal resolution performance. Background: Listeners with high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss demonstrate poorer temporal resolution performance. 05 Nov, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-208.php Objective: Obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction, a form of Eustachian tube dilatory dysfunction, can be a challenge to diagnose in individuals with classic Eustachian tube dysfunction symptoms but a normal tympanic membrane exam and tympanogram. The purpose of this article is to outline techniques that can be used by the otolaryngologist to evaluate patient’s under these circumstances. 28 Oct, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-207.php This is the case report of a 20year old female, affected by Binders Syndrome reported to our hospital and was operated for maxillary hypoplasia using modifi cations of the standard Anterior Maxillary Distraction (AMD) device. This helped in rehabilitation of the patients anterior and lateral profi les; thereby giving a satisfactory cosmetic appearance to the patient. 24 Oct, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-206.php Background and Importance: Choristomas of the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle are rare, non-neoplastic lesions that mimic vestibular schwannomas and may subsequently be subject to treatment by surgical resection or radiosurgery. 11 Sep, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-205.php Introduction: Based on the clinical and neurophysiologic similarities between the myofascial pain and the facial palsy’s maintained muscle contraction, we considered treating the latter with dry needling the trigger points found in the physical examination. 19 Aug, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-204.php Introduction: Special senses are group of sensory organs that help us to connect with external environment by various modes of elements like sound, sight, touch and smell. Any damage to these organs though may not be physically handicapping but can affect the quality of life of any individual. Bullet injuries to the head and neck region are life-threatening and demand a detailed clinical examination and meticulous operative management due to the complexity of craniofacial anatomy. Head and neck region also house sense organs, but most of the time their functions are not properly assessed during the primary care provided in firearm injuries. The main aim of this study was – 19 Aug, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-203.php Background: Cleft lip and/or palate is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly. Otitis media with effusion is almost universally present in young children with a cleft palate. OME results in a conductive hearing loss and -if persistent- often requires the placement of ventilation tubes or adjustment of hearing aids in selected cases. 25 Jul, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-202.php The objective of this study was to systematically review the bibliographies dealing with vestibular toxicity, its morphological and functional damages. This review was carried out with a search in the electronic databases Virtual Health Library (VHL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MedLine) with the tool PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Scientifi c Electronic Library Online (SciELO), from October to November / 2018. 25 Jul, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-201.php The clinical audiologist gained a strong ally in the diagnostic process of central auditory alterations from the association between electrophysiological and behavioral methods. The auditory evoked potentials refer to a series of electrical changes that occur from the inner ear to the cerebral cortex in response to sound stimulation [1], occurring in time (ms) and amplitude (μV) determined, thus enabling them to be classifi ed as short, medium and long latency potentials [2]. 17 Jul, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-200.php Objective: To describe a rare case of a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome associated with tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. Design: Case report. 08 Jul, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-199.php Woakes’ syndrome, fi rst described by Woakes in 1885, also better known as ethmoiditis, is a rare condition causing disfi gured facial appearance by extensive nasal polyposis growth in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The etiology remains poorly understood. Severe nasal polyposis can exert chronic pressure and eventually cause deformities of the nose and face. In this case report, we would like to present how our patient presentation, treatment and outcome of the disease. 28 Jun, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-198.php Objectives: An unusual left parapharyngeal ganglioneuroma case was discussed in the context of diagnostic difficulties, surgical tricks and Horner syndrome as a main surgical complication. Methods: The patient presented with a painless neck mass. Fine needle aspiration did not give any clue regarding diagnosis. The mass was removed totally by a challenging surgery. Results: Histopathology revealed ganglioneuroma. Horner syndrome occurred after surgery. Conclusion: Due to the scarcity of ganglioneuromas and the lack of specific signs and symptoms, it is often difficult to reach a definitive diagnosis prior to pathological examination. Ganglioneuromas should be considered in differential diagnosis of cervical neck masses located medial to main neurovascular structures. The patients should be warned of the possible complication of Horner syndrome. 26 Jun, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-197.php Importance: The cartilagineous nasal septum remains a difficult structure to straighten and to stabilize as it tends to bend. Recurrence of an asymmetric and bent septum is a frequent complain in patients as it may lead to asymmetric nasal breathing and/or aesthetic asymmetries of the shape of the nose. Objective: To investigate a novel technique: the implantation of a titanium septum plate (TSP) in its use as a septum stabilizer and straightener. To present a clinical study on the experience of a modified titanium Breathe-Implant used as a septum plate. 13 Jun, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-196.php Objective: To correlate sleep quality with the severity of the patient's effort to polysomnography. Methods: A random sample of 15 adult patients of both genders, aged 29-68 years, who were referred for polysomnography examination at a hospital in the city of Porto Alegre / RS, Brazil, were randomly selected. In addition, all the patients in the sample received a Speech and Language Pathology Assessment Protocol for OSAHS (adapted) and later the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. 08 May, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-195.php The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of epidemiological factors in patients with laryngeal carcinoma treated by surgery, radiotherapy or therapeutic associations. A quantitative retrospective analysis was performed, based on a master's thesis, of 34 individuals with this pathology, taking into consideration: gender, age, life habits and type of treatment. These factors were associated with the projections of the number of new cases, starting in 2018, according to INCA and IARC data. Due to lifestyle, men are more likely to get laryngeal cancer, and the association of alcohol and tobacco increases the chance and degree of manifestation of this carcinoma. In relation to age, the age group between 55 and 69 years is the most affected. The most indicated treatment is radiotherapy due to the low rate of serious complications, with minimal effect on the patient's life, which does not need hospitalization; besides being a non-invasive, extremely precise technique used in tumors that need a great accuracy, which allows the elimination of the tumor, preserving the structure and functionality of the larynx. 30 Apr, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-194.php Cystic cervical lymph nodes are a rare anatomo-clinical form. They are a typical presentation of metastasis of cancers of the waldeyer ring in particular those of the palatine tonsil. Nevertheless, they may reveal a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid even though the thyroid gland is clinically normal. In this case the combination of ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with intranodal thyroglobulin dosage allows to differentiate lymphadenopathies of thyroid origin from other causes. We report the case of a 40-year-old patient received in December 2015 in our hospital for cystic cervical lymph nodes without clinical thyroid mass. FNAC was for a metastasis of an adenocarcinoma. 09 Apr, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-193.php Osteoma is a rare benign lesion of the skull, with an incidence of 0.6% of all benign tumours of paranasal sinuses. It is commonly asymptomatic, and mostly diagnosed incidentally at the imaging. The most frequent disturbs are: headache, nasal discharge and symptoms of inflammation. Osteoma is often associated with nasal polyposis and mucocele, which are usually considered as secondary lesions. Contrariwise, in our cases, we are prone to consider the osteoma as secondary to the inflammation associated with polyposis and mucocele. The physiopathology of these diseases was therefore reviewed to explain a possible relationship. We conducted a retrospective analysis in our ENT division from January 2010 to December 2016. 14 Mar, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-192.php Presbylaryngis is defined as age-related structural changes of the vocal folds. Aging results in ossification of the laryngeal skeleton, arthritis of the cricoarytenoid and cricothyroid joints, and structural changes to the superficial layer of the lamina propria that results in true vocal fold bowing [1]. Patients with presbylaryngis often present with symptoms of glottal insufficiency that may include a hoarse-breathy voice, higher than normal pitch and vocal fatigue. 01 Mar, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-191.php Inferior turbinate compensatory hypertrophy is a common condition found in post-traumatic septal deviation. In literature several approaches are described for treating turbinates enlargment. We conduct a retrospective study on two group of 43 and 48 patients mached for age and sex that underwent to rino-septo-turbinoplasty from January 2011 to January 2013. First group was treated by inferior turbinates submucous unipolar coblation and the second by submucous unipolar coblation plus lateral outfracture. Inclusion criteria were: isolated nasal occlusion non-sensitive to medical treatment with compensatory enlarged inferior turbinate/s and marked nasal pyramid-septal deviation evaluated by pre-operative nasal endoscopy; turbinates hypertrophic grade from I –III according to Friedman. 28 Feb, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-190.php Peter J Catalano*, Melinda V Davis and Brendan G Fennessy 11 Feb, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-189.php Background: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is an alternative to second-look surgery for the detection of cholesteatoma. Purpose: To assess the utility of DWI with echo-planar (EPI-DWI) and non-echo-planar (PROPELLER) sequences for the diagnosis of primary and recurrent cholesteatoma. Materials and methods: A prospective study of 33 ears, 21 with previous cholesteatoma surgery. Twelve patients were asymptomatic, with 4 showing signs suggestive of cholesteatoma in previous CT scans. The MRI protocol was: axial and coronal T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging, and diffusion-weighted sequences by both EPI-DWI and PROPELLER techniques. The results were correlated with the clinical examination and subsequent surgical findings. Ten patients undergoing ear surgery for other reasons were included as negative controls. 05 Feb, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-188.php Objetive: Pediatric myringoplasty surgical failure reported is generally attributed to different factors. The purpose of this study is to develop a clinical index based on some of these factors, which will allow surgical prognosis to be predicted. Methods: This was a cohort study of 148 patients who underwent myringoplasty and received a 6-month follow-up during the period from January 2005 to March 2107 Variables with risk for failure (RR 95%) were introduced into a logistic regression, with those with significance being selected. The following were included for the index: otorrhea, contralateral ear status and marginal perforation (clinical significance), which were assigned values of 6, 3, and 1, respectively, with adjustments being made for age. 16 Jan, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-5-187.php Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease. Excessive NLRP3 inflammasome activation and it’s downstream responses, plays a role in the pathogenesis of CRS. The context and purpose of the study: The aim of the study was to elucidate the effect of Staphylococcus aureus and budesonide on the mRNA expression and the biologic role (caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion) of NLRP3 inflammasome in primary nasal epithelial cells (NECs) in CRS patients and healthy controls. 31 Dec, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-4-186.php The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in patients with primary inverted papilloma (IP), recurrence of IP and carcinoma based on IP. The study was performed on an archived material of the 52 patients that were surgically treated because of the primary IP, recurrent IP and carcinoma that developed on the ground of IP on the Tertiary care University Center in the period of 18 years. The expression of the EGFR and VEGF were measured by an immunohistochemistry method using commercially available antibodies. 21 Dec, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-4-185.php There are many types of surgical instrumentation and techniques used to perform adenotonsillectomy. The choice of instrument depends on several factors and the benefits of clinical outcomes must outweigh the costs of newer technologies. Our study seeks to compare the discharge times following inpatient adenotonsillectomy using monopolar electrosurgery vs. radiofrequency ablation. Participants included thirty children aged 2 to 8 years old who underwent adenotonsillectomy via monopolar electrocautery or radiofrequency ablation and were admitted for inpatient observation. Eighteen patients underwent tonsillectomy with monopolar electrocautery and 10 patients underwent tonsillectomy with radiofrequency ablation. 22 Nov, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-4-184.php Purpose: The hearing loss is the most frequent sensory alteration of the human being, with numerous medical, social, emotional and cultural implications. It is a multicausal pathology and is related to many risk factors. Identify the risk factors for the appearance of hearing loss in the child. 05 Nov, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-4-183.php Introduction: The primary aim of this prospective study was to evaluate headache severity before and after surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps (CRSsNP), chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP), deviated nasal septum (DNS), and inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH). Our secondary aim was to compare the improvement of headache symptoms in these different patient groups. 01 Nov, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-4-182.php Rapid progressive sensorineural hearing damage as the early sign of a hematological illness is often found in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. A 100-year- old man presented to our outpatient department with 2 hours history of bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). After the hematological, bone marrow and radiological workup, the patient was found to have chronic myelogenous leukemia. 30 Oct, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-4-181.php Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a heterogeneous, relatively uncommon, post-infectious, immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy. It is estimated to affect 1.1- 1.8/100,000/year in Europe and North America [1]. Historically, GBS was considered to be a single disorder, but it is currently classifi ed into six clinically distinct subtypes. 25 Oct, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-4-180.php Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a chronic disease characterized by repeated airfl ow obstruction in the upper airway. Location of obstructive site is essential for proper surgical planning. Objective: To evaluate the success rate of multiple surgeries, in various combinations, in the treatment of Moderate and Severe OSAS. 04 Sep, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/AOR-4-178.php A missed parathroid adenomas are the most common cause of surgical failure in persistent primary hyperparathyroidic patients. Abnormalities in the normal migration of the parathyroid glands during embryological development of the head and neck may result in considerable variability in the location of parathyroid tissue. Imaging studies were crucial in localizing the neoplasms in these patients. It is important to develop a strategy to systematically locate these glands either by preoperative investigations or surgical exploration. We describe a patient with persistent primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent three unsuccessful surgical procedures due to an intravagal parathyroid adenoma. 30 Aug, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2455-1759.000077-aor.php Background: When compared to removal of cervical goiters, patients undergoing removal of substernal goiter have been found to have higher rates of complications, including recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, bleeding, and hypoparathyroidism. Previous literature has discussed hemithyroidectomy versus total thyroidectomy for cervical goiters showing that the less invasive procedure was a reasonable option with decreased morbidity overall. 20 Aug, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2455-1759.000076-aor.php Background: Foreign bodies in the paranasal sinus is a relatively rare. Furthermore, most of foreign bodies in the paranasal sinuses occur in the maxillary sinus, and reports of foreign bodies in frontal sinus are few. Extracranial abscesses caused by sinusitis with foreign bodies is a rare, but it sometimes cause serious complications. We report four cases of extracranial abscess caused by sinusitis exacerbated by a foreign body. 30 Jul, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2455-1759.000075-aor.php A 17-year-old high school boy who complained of severe positional vertigo visited our hospital. He belonged to an American football team in high school, and his head often hit opponents during games. The vertigo was strongest when his left ear was down in the supine position. Physical examination and computed tomography revealed no abnormalities. However, positional testing revealed apogeotropic direction-changing horizontal nystagmus. Rightward nystagmus in the left-ear-down supine position was stronger than leftward nystagmus in the right-ear-down supine position. Additionally, in the supine position, a null point for horizontal nystagmus was identified, beyond which the nystagmus changed direction. 30 Jun, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2455-1759.000074-aor.php Background: Is there a role for the maxillary sinus anstrostomy (MSA) in office rhinology which currently is dominated by balloon dilation (BSD)? Introduction: The objective of this study was to retrospectively examine “office rhinology” patients who underwent in-office MSAs and identify relevant qualitative differences when compared to patients who underwent a maxillary BSD procedure, “independent” of clinical outcome or efficacy. 20 Jun, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2455-1759.000073-aor.php Introduction: Respiratory inhibition by ankyloglossia with deviation of the epiglottis and larynx (ADEL) was thought to be caused by tongue muscles. But to explain this effect by the tongue muscles alone was unreasonable. Thorough investigations of ADEL by head and neck X-rays were performed. The surveillance revealed the existence of an important organ necessary in the neck to separate air and food as well as to regulate respiration. 20 Jun, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2455-1759.000072-aor.php The Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by interruption or reduction of airfl ow during sleep despite respiratory effort, causing awakenings, oxyhemoglobin desaturation and excessive daytime sleepiness. 24 May, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2455-1759.000071-aor.php Background: Abnormalities of smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) are a clinical fi nding in central equilibrium disorders; the evaluation of SPEM using video-oculography (VOG) has therefore been conducted clinically in recent years. However, evaluation criteria for determining a saccadic pattern have yet to be clearly defined. 02 Feb, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2455-1759.000070-aor.php We have long known that emotions can affect health. Depression, anxiety, stress, all these have an effect on health. Psychoneuroimmunology - PS - studies the precise chemical and neural connections that are effected [1]. 30 Jan, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2455-1759.000069-aor.php Background: Primary external auditory canal (EAC) malignancies are very rare with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) representing approximately 5% of these tumors. There is insufficient knowledge of the natural behavior of ACC in EAC. The disease needs early detection and complete treatment because of its tendency to recur, vicinity to sensitive organs and lower response to radiation. 23 Jan, 2018 https://www.peertechzpublications.org/articles/AOR-4-168.pdf Objectives: Endoscopic medial maxillectomy has now become the gold standard surgical treatment for the majority of inverted papillomas that involves the maxillary sinus. However, this approach sacrifi ces the inferior turbinate which is responsible for conditioning of the nasal airfl ow. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of preservation of inferior turbinate in endoscopic medial maxillectomy. 20 Jan, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2455-1759.000067-aor.php Objectives: To find out and evaluate and compare hearing threshold of the cleft-side vs. non-cleft side in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), to find out if the severity of the morphological and functional changes on the cleft lip and palate side correlate with severity of the hearing loss, to find out if ears of cleft vs.non cleft side show difference in improvement of the hearing loss with aging. 08 Jan, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2455-1759.000066-aor.php Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of fine needle aspiration with cytology (FNAC) for thyroid gland masses without (US) ultrasound guidance by comparing results with final Histopathological Examination (HPE) findings. 05 Jan, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2455-1759.000065-aor.php It is difficult to quantify the incidence of hyperfunctional muscle tension dysphonia (H-MTD). Although voice disorders in general have been noted to affect approximately 10% of the population in the United States, up to 40% of patient visits to voice specialists are for symptoms of H-MTD. 29 Dec, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-164.php In 2017 there were approximately 62000 new cases of thyroid cancer (TC) in the United States, with a death toll of less than 5%. This relatively low mortality rate is based on a grouping of all TC subtypes, which masks the small minority of patients with biologically aggressive tumors who have dismal prognoses for survival. 26 Dec, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-163.php Background: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) cases are one of the most frequently seen cases in the primary care setting. The causative agents are either bacteria or virus. It is not easy to differentiate among them. In term of treatment for both conditions, certain principles of treatment are advised to be followed. 14 Nov, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-162.php Background: The benefi t from biodegradable middle meatal dressings is well established, and includes improved wound healing, stabilization of the middle turbinate, reduced granulation tissue, and improved patient comfort. This study compares the outcomes of a 100% plant-based nasal dressing to a popular fully synthetic dressing in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. 02 Nov, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-161.php Objective: The aim of this work is to evaluate the role of rehabilitation programs of learning disabilities on children with attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children, and compare the effect of pharmacological treatment, rehabilitation program of learning disabilities, and both together on children with attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children. 14 Oct, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-160.php Background: The prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is estimated at around 4% in general population. The population-based studies using rhinoendoscopy have demonstrated the prevalence of nasal polyposis, with values ranging from 0.5 to 2.7%. 27 Sep, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-159.php Introduction: Otomycosis, is one of the most common conditions encountered in a ENT practice. Difference of opinion does exist regarding ideal treatment modality. 25 Sep, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-158.php Antrochoanal polyps are benign mucosal lesions emerging from the maxillary sinus. The primary symptoms are nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea. 24 Aug, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-157.php Kummoona Chondro-Ossous graft is the most popular graft been used for reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint for restoring growth, repair and remodeling and fore correction of facial deformity in children with restoration of functional activity of the damaged temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and graft work as primary growth center. 23 Aug, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-156.php Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and clinico-anatomical features of facial skin cancers in an African Black population. 23 Aug, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-155.php This case reports a rare case of accidental metal spoon swallowed by a normal adult which was successfully removed without complication under local anesthesia using a McGill forceps via laryngoscope. Aerodigestive foreign bodies are almost always managed by the otolaryngologist. 18 Aug, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-154.php Objectives: To report one institution’s experience with 22 cases of the Riedel procedure in order to establish a profi le for those patients with chronic frontal sinusitis who develop chronic osteomyelitis. 03 Aug, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-153.php Chyle fi stula (CF) is a rare complication of neck dissection. The extravasation of chyle can result in potentially devastating metabolic, nutritional and immunologic sequellae. 26 Jul, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-152.php Background: allergic rhinitis is an infl ammatory process of the upper respiratory tract with a continuous symptom that last for hour or more with symptom affect patient’s work and quality of life. 25 Jul, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-151.php Recently Alrwisan et colleagues [1] compares the rates of tympanic membrane (TM) perforation after use of the two available classes of eardrops, quinolones and neomycin, following ear tube surgery. 20 Jul, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-150.php The search for tinnitus mechanisms is a speculative endeavour; a broad number of mechanisms may cause the tinnitus symptom and numerous tinnitus models have been proposed in recent years. 14 Jul, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-149.php Introduction: Most educational hospitals teach the tonsil surgery just with head lights and without any magnifi cation device. This prospective clinical trial focuses on the additional workload when using a microscope or magnifying glasses for tonsillectomy. 28 Jun, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-148.php Introduction: Carcinoid tumor of the middle ear (ME) is exceedingly rare and thus its diagnosis is frequently delayed. It is also hard to differentiate between middle ear carcinoid from the middle ear adenoma. Defi nitive diagnosis is made by identifying neurosecretory tumor cells using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. 26 Jun, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-147.php Glomus tympanicum is a rare tumor of the middle ear which typically present with pulsatile tinnitus, hearing loss and bleeding. Examination may reveal a vascular mass which bleed on contact. Imaging is important prior to surgical resection. 13 Jun, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-146.php Lipomas are benign mesenchymal tumors that may present anywhere on the body. However, myxolipoma, the histological variant is rarely seen. We report a rare case of giant anterior cervico-mediastinal myxolipoma in a 6 year old child, with discussion over diagnostic and management strategies for same. 29 May, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-145.php Aims: Prognosis of ethmoid sinus adenocarcinoma (ADK) is essentially determined by local tumor control. There is a high rate of recurrence of these tumors across the range of patient series. Development of an optimal follow-up protocol of such tumors is recommended. 06 May, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-144.php Background: Branchial cleft anomalies account for approximately 17% of pediatric neck masses and 30% of all congenital neck lesions; of these, less than 1% involve the fi rst branchial cleft. We report several novel otologic malformations encountered in children with fi rst branchial cleft anomalies; as well as our surgical techniques and outcomes. 25 Apr, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-143.php Objective: Epidermoid cyst is a cystic malformation which is most common in second and third decades, quite rare in oral cavity, which can be congenital or acquired and does not include skin tags. In this case report, we defi ned a giant epidermoid cyst which is located in mouth fl oor involving oral and submental regions, mimicking “plunging ranula” and discussed its surgical treatment. 21 Apr, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-142.php Purpose: Minimizing surgical morbidity after local fl ap reconstruction is important in the management of cutaneous defects. Controversy exists in current literature regarding the effects of radiation and chemotherapy on fl ap perfusion. Neoadjuvant treatments can damage the microvasculature of the surgical bed through fi brosis, endothelial cell damage, and reduced cell proliferation, which collectively increase the likelihood of postoperative fl ap failure. 18 Apr, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-141.php Foreign body injury is one of the most commonly encountered otorhinolaryngologic emergencies. The diagnosis and management of foreign bodies have mainly been based on the type and location of the foreign body. The workplace is a signifi cant contributor to fatal and non-fatal injuries worldwide and an insuffi ciently appreciated contributor to the total burden of health care costs. 08 Apr, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-140.php Tornwaldt’s cyst represents a benign tumor which develops in the midline of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Due to the fact that it doesn’t usually cause any symptoms, it is often discovered incidentally during a nasal endoscopy or another imaging investigation (either CT or MRI). Treatment is only advised when the cyst becomes symptomatic. In this paper, the authors aim to illustrate the optimal approach when dealing with a Tornwaldt’s cyst and to underline the importance of a correctly executed endoscopic surgery. 24 Mar, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-139.php Objective: The goal of this study was to use the results from nasopharyngeal tube polysomnography (NPT-PSG) to detect glossopharyngeal airway obstruction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and to compare the results with those obtained by observing sleep apnea/ hypopnea after nasopharyngeal tube insertion during drug-induced sleep. 24 Feb, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-138.php Introduction: Clefts of the lip may cause cosmetic and social problems. Clefts of the palate may affect feeding, speech and hearing. 02 Feb, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-137.php These pictures are of a 45 -year old male patient with a swelling on the tip of tongue from the last one year. The swelling increased progressively in the last one year with a recent onset of mild discomfort. 28 Jan, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-136.php Objective: Nasal septal deviation is a common disorder of the nose and patients commonly visit clinics with complaints of nasal obstruction. As a result of nasal obstruction, patients are exposed to snoring, which causes hypoxia. 28 Jan, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-135.php Stylohyoid syndrome or eagle’s syndrome is caused by calcifi cation of the stylohyoid ligament or elongation of the bony styloid process. 27 Jan, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-134.php Objectives: To establish our current practice of ‘group and save’ blood for nasopharyngeal tumour biopsy (NB), and to determine the rate of blood transfusions among patients who underwent NB under general anaesthesia. 19 Jan, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-133.php Adenoid enlargement is uncommon in adults. We studied the varied presentation of adenoid hypertrophy in two adults. A 45 year old male who presented with nasal obstruction and snoring, and a 35 year old male who presented with non resolving chronic otitis media. 04 Jan, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-3-132.php Cancer of the thyroid gland is the most common endocrine malignancy constituting for less than 1% of all reported human cancers1. The propensity of occurrence of thyroid carcinomas is two to four times more in females as compared to males with a median age at diagnosis being 45–50 years [1,2]. 28 Dec, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-131.php We used a surgical procedure suggested by Murata et al. and inserted a T-silicon plate from the tympanic cavity into the opening of the eustachian tube in 2 cases of chronic otitis media. The goal of this surgery was to promote the regeneration and the epithelization of residual mucosa of the eustachian tube. In our results, epitheliums of regenerated tympanic mucosa were histologically examined. 15 Dec, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-130.php Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare form of malignancy and treatment approach is most commonly with chemo-radiotherapy or total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy. We report a case of hypopharyngeal SCC managed with local resection and larynx preservation in a 77-year-old-woman. 24 Nov, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-129.php Schwannomas of head and neck regioncommonly arise from the vestibular and vagus nerve. Hypoglossal nerve schwannomas are very rare. They may be intracranial only or have both intra and extracranial extension. 16 Nov, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-128.php Objective: To compare post-operative complications of mandibular angle fractures treated with manual reduction, arch bar maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), and non-arch bar MMF. 09 Nov, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-127.php Aim and objectives: Formalize a consensus about patient’s care management (nursing techniques, management of complications) with tracheotomy or tracheostomy at home and in care center. 13 Oct, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-126.php Background: In patients with clinical T4 (cT4) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of sinonasal tract who received surgery, the relationship between positive surgical margins and positive clinical N stage as diagnosed by the presence of cervical lymph node metastasis has not been investigated so far. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between positive surgical margins and preoperative parameters in patients with cT4 SCC of the sinonasal tract following surgery. 26 Aug, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-125.php In the past decades, treatment of the temporal bone traumas (TBTs) was undeniably improved by advances in neuroradiological and in neuro-oto-surgical fields. However, these advances did not systematically enhance the quality of the approach to TBTs. Maybe they did not systematically target towards treatment- guidelines standardization. We suggest a simplified approach to TBTs, trying to enhance the communication among the different specialists involved in the matter, above all between the radiologists and not-radiologists. 25 Aug, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-124.php Unexpected acute laryngeal obstruction is most often caused by foreign bodies or edema and rarely by cysts, infection, or neoplasia. Neoplastic cases include soft tissue tumors and benign epithelial tumors. We report a case of fatal, unexpected, sudden asphyxia due to laryngeal obstruction by a papillary squamous cell carcinoma, a unique presentation of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and in this case an unusual histologic pattern. 27 Jul, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-123.php Purpose: since about only 30% of polysomnography results confirm the indications, it would be useful to identify clinical data predictive of positive results. The objective is to evaluate the correlation between clinical data and polysomnography findings in a cohort of patients. 25 Jul, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-122.php Objectives: In a week, not every day the patient with allergic rhinitis will have symptoms; also, in a year, not every month the patient will have complaints. Therefore, the clinical evaluation of allergic rhinitis in children should take in consideration the frequency of symptoms and the circadian cycle. 15 Jul, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-121.php Objectives: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications following total laryngectomy in a South-East Asian Population. Design: 10-year retrospective review of cases of total laryngectomy or laryngo-pharygectomy. 04 Jul, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-120.php Introduction: The plexiform neurofibroma is a rare benign tumor which is often associated to type 1 neurofibromatosis or Von Recklinghausen’s disease. The laryngeal involvement in neurofibromatosis is extremely rare. 28 Jun, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-119.php Introduction Mandibular reconstruction using vascularized osteocutaneous flaps is necessary to improve functional outcomes, such as jaw movement and mastication, and aesthetics after the wide resection of the mandible [1]. 14 Jun, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-118.php Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) of the paranasal sinus is an extremely rare disease. PLGA is a minor salivary gland neoplasm that occurs mostly in the junction of the soft and hard palate, followed by the buccal mucosa and upper lip. Only a few cases have been reported in the sinonasal area. PLGA generally follows a benign clinical course with frequent perineural invasion but low metastatic potential. 12 May, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-117.php Ankyloglossia is a disease characterized by difficulty in breast-feeding, limitation of tongue, and speech disorders. Prevalence of the disease is %1-10 in the literature (1). Cold knife, Laser surgery, electro cautery methods are used in the surgical treatment of the disease. Coblation radiofrequency technology provides low temperature work with minimal damage to neighborhood tissues. We present a 21 years old male with ankyloglossia treated by coblation surgery in the lights of the literature. 11 May, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-116.php Background: The aetiology of the ameloblastoma is still unclear. Several studies have searched for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in ameloblastomas, however the results have been mixed. Our aim is to clarify this possible association, and to determine if p16 is a reliable surrogate marker for the presence of HPV in these tumours. 30 Mar, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-115.php Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between bispectral indexes (BIS) and sleep staging in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) under natural sleep conditions. 25 Mar, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-114.php Introduction Tertiary syphilis shows most marked manifestations in the nose causing superficial and deep ulcerations and gumma. Gummatous deposit may occur in any portion of the nose. The deformity resulting from the destruction of the bony frame work of the nose and the shrinking of fibroid tissue produces typical saddle nose which is characteristic of syphilis. 22 Feb, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-113.php Adenocarcinoma of the ceruminous glands is a rare malignancy arising from the glands of the external auditory canal. In most patients it is usually diagnosed as locally advanced disease with a major obstacle for radical surgery. 21 Jan, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-112.php Odontogenic myxomas are benign mesenchymal neoplasm most of them diagnosed in adults. They are uncommon in the paediatric population and exceptional in infants, with only 21 cases reported in the literature under the age of 2 years. 08 Jan, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-2-111.php Backgrounds: There is a lack of valid and reliable studies in literature on both the distinctive and ambiguous relationship between the psychological profile and the occurrence of recurrent aphthous ulcers in the individual. 09 Dec, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-1-110.php Objective:Buccal mucosa carcinoma represents 3 to 5% of oral-cavity cancer. Retromolar buccal trigon affected in one third of patients with buccal mucosal cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma is the commonest pathological finding. 10 Nov, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-1-109.php Objective:To investigate the effects of uncorrected nasal septal deviation on the pyriform aperture (PA) dimensions, the upper anterior face height (UAFH), and the anteroposterior length of the maxilla (LM) of adult patients. 21 Oct, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-1-108.php Importance: Surgicel is an effective hemostat either for intra or post-operative bleedings, but should be used cautiously in the case of tonsillectomy. Some surgeons choose to leave pieces of surgicel in the tonsils bed for a continuous haemostatic effect. The material when left in the tonsils fossa is no different than other foreign body and put the patient in a significant risk of suffocation. 15 Oct, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-1-107.php Introduction: The loss of laryngeal voice after total laryngectomy can have an impact on the quality of life and communication of affected individuals. Postoperative phonatory methods may promote advantages in oral communication and reduce the functional, organic and emotional changes experienced by the patients. 09 Sep, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-1-106.php Objective: This study aimed to determine the clinical value of air- and bone-conduction auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) in children with congenital external auditory canal atresia (EACA). 26 Aug, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-1-105.php Objective: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the facial asymmetry systematically using the cephalometric method, so as to demonstrate the difference on both sides of Hemifacial microsomia(HFM) in adult. 09 Jul, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-1-104.php The extracellular matrix degradation is the most important step in the process of tumor cell metastasis. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) can catalyzes the conversion of the inactive zymogen plasminogen to the active broad-spectrum plasmin, which degrades a number of matrix proteins and also activates other proteases, including some matrix metalloproteinases. 12 Jun, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-1-103.php Joint effect of biological (pollen) and chemical air pollutants on asthma emergency room (ER) visits was analyzed for Szeged region of Southern Hungary. Our database of a nine-year period (1999-2007) includes daily number of asthma emergency room (ER) visits, and daily mean concentrations of CO, PM10, NO, NO2, O3 and SO2, furthermore two pollen variables (Ambrosia and total pollen excluding Ambrosia), as well. 23 May, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-1-102.php Access to the frontal sinus is challenging and both external and endoscopic approaches are described in the literature. Where an external approach is indicated, a bicoronal osteoplastic flap procedure is generally preferred as this reduces fronto-ethmoidal recess stenosis and allows obliteration if required [11. Metson R, Ung F, Kountakis S (2005) Image-Guidance in Frontal Sinus Surgery. The Frontal Sinus Springer 22: 201-209. ] 14 May, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Otolaryngology-Rhinology/AOR-1-101.php Stapedectomy Careful preoperative selection of patients is one of the most important aspects to avoid complications. First, accurate audiology is essential. Audiological studies can contain inaccuracies as a result of machine, human, or calibration error.