https://www.neuroscigroup.us/journals/annals-of-psychiatry-and-treatment A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 19 Feb, 2026 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-10-168.php Background: Atypical early brain growth in ASD may influence cranial morphometry; however, population-specific data remain limited. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with diverse phenotypic manifestations. Previous studies have reported subtle variations in cranial morphology among individuals with ASD, though findings are heterogeneous and often population-specific. This study aims to comparatively assess head regions and cranial morphology in Indian children with ASD and age-matched neurotypical controls. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 120 Indian children (60 with ASD, 60 neurotypical) aged 3–12 years. Cranial measurements were obtained using standardized anthropometric techniques, including head circumference, cranial length, breadth, height, and cranial index. Data were analyzed for group differences, sex-based variations, and correlations with age. Results: Children with ASD showed slightly higher mean head circumference (51.2 ± 3.5 cm) compared to controls (49.8 ± 3.2 cm), though this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). No significant differences were observed in cranial length, breadth, or height. Cranial index values indicated mesocephalic predominance in both groups. Minor variations in frontal and parietal region measurements were observed but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that cranial morphology in Indian children with ASD is largely comparable to neurotypical peers, with minor variations in head circumference and regional measurements. Population-specific normative data are essential for interpreting cranial characteristics in neurodevelopmental research. 12 Nov, 2025 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-9-166.php Background: The provision of health insurance within fragile, conflict-affected settings such as Somalia does not automatically guarantee improved access to essential mental healthcare services. Despite the proliferation of insurance products, especially Islamic Takaful schemes, the translation of insurance coverage into tangible service utilisation remains hindered by multifaceted barriers. This study investigates the determinants of formal mental health service use among salaried employees in Mogadishu, with a particular focus on the roles of insurance enrolment, insurance literacy, and stigma within this urban workforce. Methods: Employing a quantitative, cross-sectional design, data were collected from 385 full-time government and private sector employees in Mogadishu. Stratified random sampling ensured representation across employment sectors. The survey incorporated an adapted Andersen Behavioural Model of Health Services Use to assess sociodemographic characteristics, perceived stigma, insurance status, awareness of mental health benefits (as a proxy for insurance literacy), and psychological distress. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of formal mental health service utilisation. Results: Among respondents, 35.1% reported significant psychological distress, yet only 15.1% accessed formal mental health services. High perceived stigma emerged as a substantial deterrent to service use (OR = 0.45), and mere enrolment in insurance schemes did not correlate with increased utilisation. Notably, insured individuals who were aware that their insurance covered mental health services demonstrated a markedly higher likelihood of seeking formal care (OR = 3.50). Tertiary education also positively influenced utilisation rates (OR = 2.10). Conclusions: The findings underscore that offering insurance alone is insufficient to enhance mental health service access in Somalia; clarity and communication regarding benefits are paramount. Policy interventions should mandate transparent coverage for mental health, strengthen insurance literacy, and implement stigma reduction strategies to foster uptake of evidence-based care and improve population mental health outcomes. 27 May, 2025 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-9-165.php The narcissistic leader fosters and encourages a personality cult. It bears all the hallmarks of an institutional religion, including priesthood, rites, rituals, temples, worship, catechism, and mythology. The leader is this religion’s ascetic saint. He monastically denies himself earthly pleasures (or so he claims) to be able to dedicate himself fully to his calling. 22 Jan, 2025 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-9-164.php Introduction: Medical studies are unique in that they are both theoretical and practical. The main objective was to evaluate the psychological experience and quality of night-time sleep of medical science students during their clinical placements. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytic study of 7th-year medical students at El Hadj Ibrahima Niasse University. It took place from November 11, 2023, to March 21, 2024. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on Google Forms. Results: A total of 108 students were enrolled. Females predominated, with a sex ratio of 0.33. Ninety-one percent were aged between 25 and 30. Empathy was the predominant feeling during the last clinical placement for 47% of the students. The nature of the emotions felt during their placement was related to the nature of the service. Seventy-six percent slept less than 7 hours during their last clinical placement. The quality of this sleep was judged unsatisfactory by 36% of students. Eighty-three percent did not feel their work was sufficiently recognized during their clinical placements. Sixty-seven percent felt exploited. Conclusion: Clinical placements have a negative impact on sleep duration and quality. The many organizational and logistical constraints associated with our care structures, and the high expectations placed on our trainees, call for structured psychosocial support. 07 Dec, 2024 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-8-163.php Introduction: HIV infection has been identified as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents. The vulnerabilities of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV (CAHIV) are multiple. Stigmatization or self-stigmatization may also be present. To our knowledge, no local study has yet looked at the mental health of these CAHIV. The authors’ aim was to assess the impact of HIV infection on the mental health and quality of life of CAHIV followed in the unit. Methodology: We conducted a mixed-method, cross-sectional, descriptive study. It took place from September 30, 2021, to January 31, 2022. It concerned children and adolescents living with HIV 1, aged 7 to 12 years, followed regularly at the CAHIV care unit of the Centre Hospitalier National des Enfants Albert Royer. Results: 20 CAHIV were included, with 12 girls and 8 boys. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.66. The mean age was 10.6 years, with extremes of 8 and 12 years. 13 (65%) CAHIV were orphans, including 5 (25%) double orphans, 5 (25%) maternal orphans, and three paternal orphans. 5 (25%) CAHIV had diffuse dermatoses. 5 (25%) had memory complaints and concentration problems. Sleepiness was the most prevalent psychosomatic symptom. It was present at 50% of CAHIV. 3 (15%) CAHIV suffered from mild depression according to the Hamilton Depression Scale. 17 (85%) suffered from anxiety according to the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Conclusion: HIV infection raises many psychopathological issues in CAHIV. Their diagnosis and management are essential to improve therapeutic compliance and reduce antiretroviral treatment failure. 15 Oct, 2024 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-8-162.php This study was aimed at assessing the influence of body image and self-esteem on the mental well-being of students at the University of Ghana. Responses were collected from a total of 80 students. Results of the study indicate that there existed a very weak negative correlation between self-esteem and body image showing that there is not enough evidence to conclude that self-esteem is a good predictor of body image. Also, there existed a positive correlation between body image and mental health, however, the analysis was found to be insignificant. Therefore, there is not enough proof to conclude that body image will have a positive relationship with mental health. Studies also revealed a strong positive correlation between self-esteem and mental health, but it was found to be insignificant. As a result, there is not enough proof to conclude that self-esteem is a good predictor of mental health. 26 Jul, 2024 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-8-161.php Introduction: Dental anxiety and fear in conjunction with mental disorders can constitute a threat to the patient who comes to the dental office, appearing in a vicious circle of avoidance, if the necessary measures are not implemented. Materials and methods: A literature search was carried out in Pubmed for the last 10 years (2014-2024) under the keywords “Dental anxiety AND dental fear AND mental disorder” and “Dental anxiety AND dental fear AND dentistry”. Results: After the search was performed, it was complemented with a manual verification of the selected articles, choosing a total of 36 articles. Conclusion: Mental disorders, anxiety, and dental fear are multifactorial entities influenced by the evolution of the mental state, the socio-demographic factors and the dental therapy to be carried out. Good training of dentists in this field is necessary due to the existing relationship between mental disorders, anxiety, and dental fear and the impoverishment of the oral health of the patient. 06 Jun, 2024 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-8-160.php The following mini-review paper explores the integration of Virtual Reality (VR), motion tracking, and electrophysiological sensors in the context of exposure therapy and mental health treatment. These technologies collectively offer innovative approaches for enhancing therapeutic goals, providing immersive environments, and enabling precise monitoring of physiological responses. The paper discusses their applications, benefits, and potential challenges, underscoring their transformative impact on mental health care. 15 Mar, 2024 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-8-158.php Objective: People with psychotic spectrum disorders may experience social exclusion and its negative effects, so it is important to find out the reason for this exclusion. The paper presents social representations of schizophrenia in the context of traits attributed to persons suffering from schizophrenia as compared to healthy persons by groups of non-professionals and professionals (psychiatrists and psychologists). Method: The participants were 230 individuals aged 23-74, all with higher education. They were asked to assess to what extent 30 personality traits can be attributed to people with schizophrenia and to healthy people. Results: The results show significant interactions between the respondents’ professions and their perceptions of mental health. While all the professional groups have more negative views of people suffering from schizophrenia than of healthy people, the most negative assessments of people with schizophrenia are made by non-professionals. There is a significant interaction between one’s profession and perception of mental health as regards positive traits. Only the group of non-professionals considered the level of positive traits displayed by people with schizophrenia as lower than the level displayed by mentally healthy people. Furthermore, non-professionals assessed mentally healthy people more positively than did both groups of professionals. Conclusion: People with schizophrenia may experience negative effects of exclusion. The research results presented in this paper provide the starting point for explaining the reasons for this. The study indicates a tendency to stigmatize schizophrenics, which is most visible in the attribution of less positive features to them compared to healthy people. This mainly applies to non-professionals. The results indicate the need to conduct educational programs and campaigns about mental illnesses, available to the entire society. Educational efforts aimed at the entire society should provide detailed information about mental illnesses like schizophrenia. Education is the basis for shaping and modifying society’s beliefs about people with mental illnesses. 13 Mar, 2024 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-8-157.php Background: Empirical studies have so far demonstrated associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric manifestations. Research is still ongoing to know more about this novel virus responsible for the COVID-19 Infection. Several strains of the COVID-19 Vaccines were developed at the peak of the pandemic to combat this great challenge to human health and life with each vaccine having its own unique characteristics. It is established that autoimmune reactions could occur following vaccinations or viral infections. This case is presented to point attention toward the possibility of psychiatric symptoms arising as post-COVID-19 Vaccine autoimmune-related reactions. Case presentation: A Nigerian woman in her 50s with 1st episode of psychiatric disorder is reported here. She was mentally stable until day 2 of receiving the 2nd dose of the Astra Zeneca COVID-19 vaccine. She developed symptoms with a similar profile with a diagnosis of mania with psychotic symptoms, with a differential diagnosis of an organic psychotic disorder. All symptoms resolved within 2 weeks of commencement of treatment. In addition, there was a preceding history of a mild fever and cough following the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine which spontaneously resolved giving way to the psychiatric symptoms manifestations. All these raise the index of suspicion that there could have been an autoimmune limbic encephalitis precipitated by the COVID-19 Vaccine administration. Important discussion points: The coincidence of 1st episode of Bipolar affective symptoms at the mid-life stage, preceded by 2 days of COVID-19 vaccine and genetic predisposition in the reported case calls for attention. Studies have shown that the COVID-19 vaccine may induce autoimmune conditions such as myocarditis, thrombotic thrombocytopenia, and IgA vasculitis. These reactions are commoner in middle-aged Females. Susceptibility to these reactions has a strong association with genetic predisposition and the limbic region of the brain that controls human emotions is a highly susceptible area. Thus, the COVID-19 vaccine autoimmune response may be an epiphenomenon in an individual with a likely risk of mental illness. Conclusion: This report could represent a rare occurrence. Also, the absence of needed investigative results caused by financial and logistic constraints could hamper making the obvious conclusions of a temporal relationship between the COVID-19 vaccine and post-vaccination affective disturbance. It is however worthy of note that this is an important study area to look into for future research work. 31 Jan, 2024 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-8-156.php Introduction: The bodily and psychological changes of pregnancy can be a source of well-being, but also of vulnerability and psychological suffering. The aim of this study was to investigate pregnancy-related psychological reactions in Senegalese pregnant women. Methodology: This was a prospective, descriptive, and analytical study of pregnant women attended at the Mermoz Health Post in Dakar, Senegal from October 04, 2022, to December 26, 2022. We studied psychological reactions using the Brief Pregnancy Experience Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21, the Marital Support Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: The emotional experience of pregnancy was intense for both positive and negative pregnancy-related elements. Nonetheless, elements perceived as positive were more frequent and more intense. The prevalence of stress symptoms was 25%, depressive symptoms 53%, and anxiety symptoms 75%. The negative psychological impact was closely linked to risk factors such as young age, singlehood, low pregnancy experience (gestational age and parity), and low marital support. Also, low self-esteem in 53.1% of our population was correlated with low marital support. Conclusion: Most pregnant women report a positive pregnancy experience, but this positive feeling does not exclude high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. 06 Dec, 2023 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-7-155.php The Golden Gate Bridge will finally erect a barrier at the end of this year. The death toll since its completion in 1937 is about 2000. Two a month still jump to their deaths. The bridge is tragically known as the number one suicide site in the world. 24 Nov, 2023 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-7-154.php Background: Pain and anxiety caused by prolonged treatment of neuropathic pain can result in discomfort for patients. Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology that is capable of entertaining and distracting the user. Among its many applications, we find the improvement of pain management and the reduction of anxiety in patients undergoing medical treatment. Objective: We aim to publish the protocol of a clinical trial for the reduction of pain and anxiety after a couple of VR sessions in patients with neuropathic pain that is difficult to treat. Methods: An observational, analytical, and prospective study was conducted. Virtual Reality (VR) was employed as a technique aimed at reducing pain and anxiety, twice a week for 30 days, as a complement to pharmacological treatment. Pain was assessed using the ‘Pain Detect’ questionnaire and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while anxiety was evaluated through the Goldberg Scale. Results: The preliminary results indicate that immersive virtual reality therapy is a promising alternative treatment for challenging-to-treat neuropathic pain. Without side effects, an appealing feature of VR therapy. Conclusion: Virtual reality can be a useful tool for patients who present with neuropathic pain that is resistant to conventional treatments that generate pain and anxiety. 23 Nov, 2023 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-7-153.php The present case study aimed to investigate the nature of making requests by a child with Down Syndrome (DS) who has never received any medical intervention. To this aim, more than 180 hours of observation of a four-year-old male case in the field, together with interviews of parents and a relative, were analyzed qualitatively. Findings demonstrated a strong enthusiasm by the DS child to get involved in social communication. Although the DS child did not clearly understand the context of communication in terms of the rules for manner (mainly politeness and face), and he also lacked a sound understanding of the social functions to negotiate the meaning, he could differentiate among different settings in which there is need for a range of communication degrees. With mental and physiological issues contributing to problems with language production, the case had developed a limited repertoire, including voices, some fixed words or expressions, and mostly gestures to help him make requests. On the other hand, the child demonstrated good receptive skills; he could perceive the illocutionary force behind requests. However, if the sentence got a bit complicated in terms of pragmatics, he would become confused and prefer to stay silent rather than trying to insist on another response. It is hoped that by providing a good education for these children in a place where they are socially welcomed, they can forge useful relationships with their peers and take positive actions to become socially mature and be good community members. 18 Aug, 2023 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-7-152.php Introduction: Absent in the literature is the category of “criminal spectre” as a macro container that includes all those deviant, antisocial, and psychopathic behaviors, thereby generating confusion and interpretative distortions, as in the case of antisociality and psychopathy among them considered in some cases as synonyms. Methods: Updated the Perrotta-Marciano Questionnaire on the state of awareness of one’s deviant and criminal behaviors (ADCB-Q), from 30 items to 40 items and with 2 subscales to differentiate deviant from antisocial behaviors (ADCB-Q-2), to make comparisons with the Deviant Behavior Variety Scale (DBVS) and the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Results: Statistical analysis showed that the second edition of the test has a well-defined and stable construct (R = 0.999; p ≤ 0.001), and is positively correlated with the other 2 compared tests, the DBVS (R = 0.943) and the PCL-R (R = 0.966). A comparison of comparable items returned an R = 0.999 with a 99.9% equal value. Conclusion: Defining the “criminal spectre” as a dysfunctional pattern consisting of a clinically relevant cross-cutting condition in which the subject manifests deviant, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and psychopathic behaviors, the Perrotta-Marciano Questionnaire on the State of Awareness of One’s Deviant and Criminal Behaviors (ADCB-Q-2) is a valid, efficient, effective and stable psychometric tool to identify in behavioral profiles all the behaviors that fall within the “criminal spectrum”. 18 Aug, 2023 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-7-151.php Introduction: The clinically relevant condition of hypersexuality is to date nebulous in its definition, and although it is understood as a psychological and behavioural alteration as a result of which sexually motivated stimuli are inappropriately sought and often experienced in a way that is not entirely satisfactory, it is unclear whether it is an obsessive disorder or is a trait of a more complex personality disorder or a consequence arising from a medical condition, whether primary or secondary. Methods: Using the Perrotta Hypersexuality Global Spectrum of Gradation (PH-GSS) as a model, the clinical and control population was selected to validate a new psychometric test, then compared with the Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST-R, v. 2.0). Results: Statistical analysis showed that the new psychometric test has a well-defined and stable construct (R = 0.975; p = 0.000), the variables are well represented (R = 0.999; p = 0.000) and it is positively correlated with the other constructs already validated (R = 0.951; p = 0.000). Conclusions: Perrotta Hypersexuality Questionnaire (PeHy-Q) is a valid, efficient, and effective psychometric tool to diagnose the clinically relevant condition of hypersexuality to improve the structural and functional framing of the patient and the appropriate therapy to pursue. 19 May, 2023 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-7-149.php Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that begins insidiously and progresses over time with a loss of nerve cells in certain brain regions. People with chronic diseases often experience a change in their quality of life. For patients, relatives, and the whole community, a reduced quality of life can pose a significant burden. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce socioeconomic costs to preserve high health quality in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Parkinson’s disease can cause people to have difficulty performing daily activities such as working or shopping. It is not uncommon for social interaction to be impaired, as patients sometimes struggle to participate in social life due to their symptomatology. The quality of life of Parkinson’s disease patients can be measured in different ways. A distinction can be made between Health-related Quality of Life and Individualised Quality of Life. Several questionnaires and screening tools are investigating the Quality of Life in patients with Parkinson’s disease. However, their validity and practicability are often not extensively analyzed. In this paper, we will investigate whether the two questionnaires, “The Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39)” and “Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life (SEIQoL)”, measure the same quality of life in PD patients. The two questionnaires do not reach the same results, although they both measure the construct “Quality of Life” and should be used complementary to gain deeper insight into patients’ real-life problems. 04 May, 2023 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-7-148.php Introduction: Surviving a stroke and caring for a survivor, impacts individuals’ psychological health and quality of life, which may impose substantial costs on healthcare and social systems. This study aims to understand and explore the psychological health, experiences, needs and quality of life of Portuguese stroke survivors and their informal carers. Methods and analysis: This is a mixed-methods, observational study. The methodological strategy relies on 1) scoping review; 2) questionnaires to stroke survivors hospitalized between September 2018 and August 2019 in one of the 12 Stroke Units of the Northern Region Health Administration of Portugal and their informal carers, 18-24 months after the event (1775 survivors and 443 carers); and 3) semi-structured interviews to a subsample of stroke survivors (n = 49) and informal carers (n = 37); and 4) think tanks with stakeholders involved in the stroke rehabilitation process, namely stroke survivors, informal carers, researchers, and health and social professionals (n = 45). Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used to analyze the quantitative data, and content and interpretational analysis will be implemented to assess qualitative data. Ethics and dissemination: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committees of all the hospitals involved. The expected dissemination actions are effective tools in designing strategies that aim to promote knowledge on a needs-driven, socioethical sensitive basis, which will contribute to the implementation of a model of coproduction of health in the context of post-stroke care. 31 Mar, 2023 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-7-147.php Background: In popular culture, the medium is a subject of seemingly controversial psychic abilities, as he or she seems to be able to communicate telepathically and physically with the various spirit entities present on the astral plane, i.e., a plane parallel to the physical one that can interact with it. In the literature, such assumptions rise to mere speculation, the result of superstition and personal beliefs, using the abilities of mental manipulation; however, some research has challenged these beliefs. Objectives: To demonstrate whether the personality profile of the psychic mediums analyzed exhibits pathological personality traits and whether such is sufficient to confirm a clinical diagnosis. Materials and methods: Clinical interview, based on narrative-anamnestic and documentary evidence, and battery of psychometric tests. Results: The totality of the clinical group (CG) is found to be pathological, with at least 5 dysfunctional traits, and a corollary of secondary traits reinforcing the primary condition; the pathological differential from the control group (Cg) is +70.7%. At the individual sexual matrix questionnaires, just over 1/4 of the CG show a dysfunctional tendency to sexual behavior with a differential from the Cg of +42.8%. Slightly more than one-fifth of the CG also exhibit affective dependence, with a pathological differential with the Cg of +17%, while the CG sample concerning ego defense mechanisms exhibits the pathological totality of the sample, with a differential for the Cg of +45.7%. Conclusion: This research confirms the psychopathological nature of the personality profiles of mediums, with a higher prevalence of delusional, dissociative, and narcissistic disorders of the overt type, although these results do not prove the fraudulent nature of the mediumistic activity boasted by the subjects, and therefore what has been obtained should be read more generally, subjecting psychic mediums (in mediumistic activity) to technical instrumentation (electroencephalogram, functional magnetic resonance imaging and signal potential and audio-video) in the future to verify the outcomes. 30 Dec, 2022 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-6-146.php Background and aims: In the last decade, a musical strand has emerged in the Italian national scene that has international roots since the 1990s of the last century: “Trap Music” and younger generations are increasingly fascinated by this genre, for various reasons. The present research hypothesizes the existence of a link between the choice of preference of this musical genre and the psychopathological profile of those who choose their first preference, hypothesizing that such individuals have on average a higher level of dysfunctional traits typical of cluster B (borderline, narcissistic, histrionic and antisocial), according to the PICI model and compared to the population. Materials and methods: Clinical interview, and administration of the battery of psychometric tests. The population sample was selected based on previous clinical contacts and voluntary participation through recruitment in major social networks (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok), a total of 4,368 participants, divided into three age groups (18-25, 26-37, 38-46) and two groups (the first “clinical” and the second “control”). SPSS, Anova test (with Bonferroni). Results and discussion: On average, the users selected in the clinical group population sample presented 81% of cases with a psychopathological personality profile (PICI-2) with at least 5 dysfunctional traits afferent to cluster B (bipolar, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and psychopathic) and at least 4 dysfunctional traits afferent to cluster C (paranoid, delusional, schizophrenic spectrum, dissociative), according to the PICI model, compared to 23.1% of the cases in the control group, which, however, shows traits more oriented toward neurotic tendencies (anxious, phobic-avoidant, obsessive, somatic). The investigation of dysfunctional sexual behaviors then showed, in the clinical group, the marked presence of the clinical condition of the users, with an average of 96.8% compared to 24% in the control group; in particular, the presence of a tendency toward pedophilic (under 13 years old) and pederastic (13-17 years old) paraphilia is noted for the average value between only the markings of the second and third clinical groups equal to 54.3% (with an overall phenomenon slightly more inclined toward the male group). Conclusion: It is concluded, therefore, that the starting hypothesis can be confirmed, as the hypothesized link between the primary preference choice of “Trap Music” and the psychopathological profile afferent to the dysfunctional traits of Cluster B (borderline, narcissistic, histrionic, antisocial and psychopathic), according to the PICI model and compared with the control group (CG) population, which has significantly lower pathological values (57.9% - 72.8%) than the clinical group (CG), appears credible and non-random. 24 Dec, 2022 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-6-145.php Background and aims: With the advent of the Internet and social networks, mass communication has become more interactive and geo-dislocated. The present research hypothesizes the existence of a link between the choice of the use of a specific social network by the subject user of the telematics service and his or her eventual psychopathological profile, hypothesizing that: the users of Facebook (FB) have a higher level of neurotic (cluster A) and psychotic (cluster C) dysfunctional traits, while users of Instagram (IG), Twitter (TW) and TikTok (TT) have a higher level of borderline dysfunctional traits (cluster B), according to the PICI model. Materials and methods: Clinical interview, and administration of the battery of psychometric tests. SPSS, Anova test (with Bonferroni). Results and discussion: The population sample was selected based on past clinical contacts and voluntary participation through social recruitment, totaling 5.581 participants, divided into four age groups (18-25, 26-37, 38-46, 47-60) and by four different social networks (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok). The present research showed that, on average, the selected users in the studied population sample, divided into sixteen subgroups, present in 79.9% of cases a psychopathological personality profile with at least 5 dysfunctional traits among the first three social networks analyzed (Facebook and Twitter with a lower frequency than Instagram, while TikTok users present an average value of 95.5% of cases). Equally distributed are also the hypotheses of affective addiction among users of the four social networks, with an average of 41.7% of cases, although always with higher pathological peaks in the case of Instagram, and even more for Tiktok, which varies with a much higher average of 69.2%. The pronounced dysfunctional tendency found is also confirmed by the tests related to the study of ego defense mechanisms, which in 100% of the psychopathological cases detected with the PICI (Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interviews) model turn out to be markedly dysfunctional, especially concerning the mechanisms of isolation, fixation, identification, denial, repression, regression, omnipotence, idealization and devaluation. The survey on dysfunctional sexual behaviors also found the marked presence of the clinical condition of users, with a mean value of 21.3% for Twitter, 55.9% for Facebook, 57.8% for Instagram, and 81.0% for TikTok; in particular, the presence of pedophilic paraphilia/pederasty is found in Instagram users with a mean value of 28.5% and for TikTok with a mean value of 43.0%. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the preferred profile choice on a specific social network and one’s psychopathological personality profile: Facebook users are found to be more oriented on the neurotic (anxious-phobic, somatic and obsessive) and border (borderline and depressive) area, Twitter users are oriented on the border (bipolar, borderline and narcissistic) area, Instagram and TikTok users on the border (bipolar, borderline, histrionic, antisocial, psychopathic and narcissistic) and psychotic (delusional, paranoid and dissociative) area. 17 Dec, 2022 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-6-144.php Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a common psychiatric condition. There is an overall agreement across treatment guidelines of BD type I and BD type II however, there is far less certainty regarding the treatment of subthreshold presentations including Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder. We present a patient with treatment-resistant rapid cycling Bipolar Disorder type I who deteriorated on Ketamine treatment but reached full remission with repetitive Transcranial magnetic stimulation, High Dose Levothyroxine, Lurasidone and Lithium Carbonate. This case highlights the previously demonstrated safety and effectiveness of the combined protocol of High Dose Levothyroxine and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for this population. 10 Nov, 2022 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-6-143.php Sleep medicine and psychology has a relatively long story to share. The multidisciplinary nature of sleep medicine requires that different specialists work together to diagnose and treat sleep disorders and improve subspecialty areas. In the last decades, various non-pharmacological therapies have been developed and demonstrated their efficacy. There are many non-pharmacological therapeutic available options for sleep disorders, including cognitive, behavioral, psycho-educational, and psychosocial interventions that could help clinicians to improve the quality of life of adult patients. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, insomnias, hypersomnias, circadian rhythm disorders, restless leg syndrome and parasomnias can be effectively taken care of, by an integrated approach with the support of sleep medicine psychologists. The paper aims to give a comprehensive view of psychological interventions for adults, in behavioral sleep medicine. 14 Oct, 2022 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-6-142.php Schizophrenia (SZ) is a debilitating disorder, which tremendously impacts the psychological, social, and financial aspects of a patient’s life. Frequently, SZ patients present with poor insight, which can even worsen the symptomatology. Antipsychotic medications frequently result in suboptimal outcomes, especially the ones concerning negative and cognitive symptoms. Accordingly, new therapeutic options are warranted. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has been adopted in SZ with promising results. Continuous Theta burst stimulation (cTBS) is a particular brief and effective form of TMS. It has been successfully applied in patients with poor cognitive control (e.g., gambling disorder patients) targeting the pre-Supplementary Motor Area (pre-SMA). Given that poor cognitive control has been regarded as a core deficit in SZ, 11 patients with SZ were included in this study and treated with cTBS for a total of 10 sessions during a two-week period. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with a diagnosis of SZ in comorbidity with Substance Use Disorder (SZ + SUD) vs SZ. Patients were evaluated before and after treatment, assessing executive functions, awareness, and nicotine craving. Within-group comparisons showed a significant reduction in the Scale to assess Unawareness in Mental Disorders (SUMD) scores (p < 0.05) and in the test of Fagerstrom (to assess nicotine dependence) scores (p < 0.001) before and after treatment in the SZ + SUD group. These results showed the efficacy of cTBS for craving reduction as well as in improving awareness of the illness and of treatment. This can be considered a remarkable result since better insight has been previously associated with an improved quality of life in SZ. 07 Oct, 2022 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-6-141.php The concepts of deviance and criminality are often confused or grouped, following a sociological logic. In the clinic, there is a need to distinguish them, speaking of “deviant behaviors” as active human acts that result in a violation of a social norm determined by the community and that do not provide a sanction of a legal nature (e.g., personal use of drugs)”, while from “criminal behaviors” as active human acts that result in a violation of an exclusively legal norm and that provides a sanction of a civil-administrative nature (compensation for damages, restitution, demolition, suspension, disbarment, and administrative detention) or criminal (fine, fine, imprisonment and arrest)”. Even more succinctly, we can consider “deviant and criminal behavior” (DCB) as all those active human acts that constitute a violation of a social and/or legal rule, and their transgression provides for the application of a punitive sanction. Based on this assumption, we propose a) the Graded Antisocial Model (GA-M), which considers antisociality as a graded phenomenon that is reinforced over time through active behaviors that are not limited by the social context of reference, becoming then a structured personality disorder only when the individual’s self-centeredness becomes rigid and dysfunctional; b) the Antisocial Severity Scale (AS-S), which draws the pathological and dysfunctional evolution of antisociality, in five levels (yellow for emotional dysfunctionality, orange for self-centeredness, red for violation of social rules and violence to property, animals, and people, purple for severe violation of legal rules and black for structured psychopathology); c) the Perrotta-Marciano Questionnaire on the state of awareness of one’s deviant and criminal behaviors (ADCB-Q), in 30 items on L1-6 scale, which defines both deviant and criminal tendency and the grade of awareness of one’s pathological state. 28 Jul, 2022 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-6-140.php Background and aims: Starting from the concept of “affective addiction”, then reworked and critiqued according to a clinical key, it was hypothesized that it is not a behavioral addiction, as erroneously determined by modern psychiatry, but is a symptom of a well-identified personality disorder. The purpose of this research is to test the correctness of this hypothesis. Materials and methods: Clinical interview, based on narrative-anamnestic and documentary evidence and the basis of the Perrotta Human Emotions Model (PHEM) concerning their emotional and perceptual-reactive experience, and administration of the battery of psychometric tests published in international scientific journals by the author of this work: 1) Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interviews (PICI-2), to investigate functional and dysfunctional personality traits; 2) Perrotta Individual Sexual Matrix Questionnaire (PSM-Q), to investigate the individual sexual matrix; 3) Perrotta Affective Dependence Questionnaire (PAD-Q), to investigate the profiles of affective and relational dependence; 4) Perrotta Human Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (PDM-Q), to investigate the defense mechanisms of the Ego. Results: In a population sample of 206 subjects (103 m/f couples, in a stable relationship for at least 1 year and heterosexual), it was found that the totality exhibited at least 5 dysfunctional personality traits of the borderline, dependent, and masochistic types, with secondary traits of the neurotic, narcissistic covert, psychotic and histrionic types. Almost the totality of the sample also showed marked dysfunctionality of a sexual nature and activation of defense mechanisms typical of psychopathological processes. Conclusions: The data obtained confirmed the study hypothesis, and it is, therefore, plausible to think that affective addiction is not a behavioral addiction but a manifested symptom of a broader framework of personality disorder and that it is established in subjects with the same dysfunctional personality traits. Such subjects, in close relational contact, hyperactivate themselves, according to a logic of pathological determinism. The maintenance of hyperactivation then facilitates the decompensation of the subject’s psychopathological picture, reinforcing dysfunctionality and feeding the pathological circle that keeps one’s personality structure alive, in a continuous feeding determined by the similar or same-natured traits present in the partner. This also explains why, once affective dependence is established, it is so complicated to succeed in breaking the chain of events that keeps the dysfunctional relationship alive, since overactivation prevents a correct, conscious, and rational assessment of the factors at play in relationships between elements and people. To summarize: the more the hyperactivation persists, the more it reinforces the psychopathological decompensation that keeps alive both the toxic relationship and the bond between the two individuals who, while tending toward destruction or self-destruction, fail to break the affective, sentimental, and sexual bond, maintaining over time an increasingly toxic dysfunctional attachment. 26 Jul, 2022 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-6-139.php Psycho-social support lies at the core of Patient and Family-Centered Care (PFCC) that health care systems aim to transform. The objective is to comprehensively inform patients and families of their health issues, empower them to take charge of their illness, and participate in making choices about managing their health and wellbeing [1]. 31 Mar, 2022 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-6-138.php Background and objectives: According to the PICI model, second edition, the personality disorders of the neurotic area are six (anxious, phobic, obsessive, somatic, avoidant, and manic) and the diagnosis of the psychopathological disorder is determined on the basis of the persistence of certain dysfunctional traits present in the personality framework. However, on the basis of clinical experience and through the application of IPM/PICI, Deca, PDM, PHEM, and PPP-DNA models (including PF-SPEM and NDAM), it was found that all the disorders of the neurotic area had in common the anxiety traits and that the symptoms of the six different disorders were often present in comorbidity. This assumption led to the hypothesis that there was a different and better way to group them into a single, all-encompassing category: “neurotic personality disorder”. This research aims to demonstrate whether or not the use of this hypothetical new nosographic construct is useful. Materials and methods: Individual clinical interview, consisting of the amnestic collection and administration of the PICI-2TA (Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interviews, version 2-TA), PAD-Q (Perrotta Affective Dependency Questionnaire), PSM-1 (Perrotta Sexual Matrix) and PDM-Q (Perrotta Defence Mechanisms Questionnaire), to each group of population. Result: Of the selected sample of 326 subjects, 318 were eligible because they met the inclusive criteria. The three male groups, subdivided by age (18-36, 37-54, 55-72), completely resolved their neurotic symptoms in 86.7% (13/15), 87.5% (7/8) and 60% (3/5), for a partial total of 78.1% (23/28), while the remaining 21.9% (5/28) declared to have benefited from the PPP-DNA protocol with an attenuation of at least 50% of their neurotic symptoms. The three female groups, subdivided according to age (18-36, 37-54, 55-72), completely resolved their neurotic symptoms in 93.3% (154/165), 95% (57/60), and 92.3% (60/65), for a partial total of 93.5% (271/290), while the remaining 6.5% (19/290) declared to have benefited from the PPP-DNA protocol with at least a 50% attenuation of their neurotic symptoms. Conclusion: The PPP-DNA protocol is effective for 85.8% (with a greater prevalence of effectiveness in the female population) in the resolution of neurotic symptoms of anxious, phobic, somatic, avoidant, obsessive, and manic nature, both with the previous wording and with the new nosographic hypothesis “neurotic personality disorder”, as it does not represent a new psychopathological construct but only a different way of grouping disorders of cluster A (neurotic) to avoid that the absorptions do not take into account important dysfunctional traits that are instead at the base of those disorders and therefore does not affect in any case the exact diagnosis of the dysfunctional personality profile. 21 Dec, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-5-137.php Purpose: Starting from the classic definition of “alien abduction”, the present research, starting from the study published in 2020 on the proposed clinical classification of this particular phenomenon, is aimed at confirming the theoretical assumption of psychopathological origin. Methods: Clinical interview, based on narrative-anamnestic and documentary evidence and the basis of the Perrotta Human Emotions Model (PHEM) concerning their emotional and perceptual-reactive experience, and administration of the battery of psychometric tests published in international scientific journals by the author of this work: 1) Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interviews (PICI-2), to investigate functional and dysfunctional personality traits; 2) Perrotta Individual Sexual Matrix Questionnaire (PSM-Q), to investigate the individual sexual matrix; 3) Perrotta Affective Dependence Questionnaire (PAD-Q), to investigate the profiles of affective and relational dependence; 4) Perrotta Human Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (PDM-Q), to investigate the defence mechanisms of the Ego. Results: Preliminary results from the interviews and the anamnestic form would suggest that the phenomenon of alien abductions has a greater tendency to occur in the female group, in the adult and mature group (and tends to diminish but not disappear with advancing age) and in the group geographically originating in central-northern Italy (due to lower religious influences but greater openness to the typical contents of ufological and mystery narratives). Moreover, the subsequent results would lead us to deduce with almost total certainty, concerning the selected sample, that the phenomenon of alien abductions has an absolute prevalence in the believing population concerning the existence of paranormal phenomena per se, even in the absence of objective and/or scientific evidence. It is a phenomenon that is almost completely linked (110/112, 98.2%) to a medium-low or not fully educated cultural level. Based on the PICI-2 it emerged that the primary emerging disorder is alternatively the delusional disorder, the dissociative disorder and the narcissistic disorder; followed, as secondary disorders, by the delusional disorder (if it is not considered as primary disorder), the schizoid disorder, the borderline disorder, the obsessive disorder and the psychopathic disorder. The analysis of functional traits also reported the marked dysfunctional tendency of the classes referring to self-control, sensitivity, Ego-Es comparison, emotionality, ego stability, security and relational functionality, confirming here too the marked dysfunctional tendency of the clinical population. According to the PSM-Q, almost 2/3 of the participants (73/112, 65.2%) present a dysfunctional tendency to sexual behaviour and a marked tendency to chronicle feelings of shame in avoidance behaviour or hyposexuality. Furthermore, 100% of the sample of the population surveyed report having suffered significant or serious psychological or physical abuse at a young age, or intra-parental relational imbalances, or in any case a sexual upbringing that was not open and lacking in free communication. According to the PDM-Q, 27.7% (31/112) are affected by affective dependency, with greater emphasis on types I (neurotic), VI (covert narcissist), V (borderline) and III (histrionic), in that order of descent. Finally, the PDM-Q reveals the widespread psychopathological tendency of the functional ego framework for the mechanisms of isolation, denial, regression, reactive formation, denial, projection, removal, withdrawal, instinct, repression and idealisation. Conclusion: This research confirms the psychopathological nature of the alien abduction phenomenon, which deserves to be treated using a psychotherapeutic approach (preferably cognitive-behavioural and/or strategic) and possibly also pharmacological in serious cases, depending on the symptoms manifested and the severity of the morbid condition. 09 Dec, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-5-136.php One of the greatest challenges of Ethiopia is to promote wider societal development because the notions of ethnicity are fall prey to atomized competitions, hostility, or conflicts. These fraudulent competitions are directed in the struggle for political power, public offices, and socioeconomic opportunities by mobilizing their constituencies to think except ‘their own members’ are in power, they are unable to secure the national benefits. Nevertheless, ethnicity does neither inherently revolutionary nor impermeable, as many multi-ethnic nations do not have major troubles with their diversities but are a potential factor for cultivation. Understanding the psychological perspective that improves ethnic group relations of the family can assist notify involvements to enhance ethnic group members of the family. This seminar examines social psychological manners of ethnic perception and relation which are fundamental to promote ethnic members of the family and discusses how those forces may be forwarded to enhance ethnic organization members of the family, regularly through the enchaining of high-quality ethnic organization contact. I similarly keep in mind how promoting ethnic relationships advantaged and deprived corporations may also reply differently at the manner to involvements, and how a focal point frequently on improving high-quality ethnic group attitudes may also fall brief of ameliorating structural inequality among societies. I pick out modern conceptual and realistic demanding situations and advocate guidelines for the future. The result of the study shows that social psychology contributes undoubtedly to society via promoting social harmony, positive, cooperative relationships among contributors of various companies reduces tension and may generalize the significance of organization memberships, improves shared identities, and tremendously apprehending organization variations. Emphasized ethnic group relations at the local area by relating to Eastern Hararghe Zone of Amahara, Oromo, Somali, and other ethnics where living, cultures particularly, in Jarso Woreda is on the individual, which in its worst forms of ethnic relations can foster selfishness or indifference to others. However, promoting a sense of relations goes beyond a single ethnic group rather focus on interdependence and relationships. 18 Oct, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-5-135.php Purpose: Starting from the classic definition of “demonic possession” (as a psychophysical condition in which a person becomes the victim of a supernatural being of demonic origin), the present research, starting from the study published in 2019 on the proposed clinical classification of this particular phenomenon, is aimed at confirming the theoretical assumption of psychopathological origin, refuting the assumptions of the most significant analytical orientations, such as the ethnopsychiatric, the socio-anthropological, the cultural, the religious and the esoteric, to reaffirm the accuracy of the theoretical approach of the multifactorial model proposed in the previous research. Methods: Clinical interview, based on narrative-anamnestic and documentary evidence and the basis of the Perrotta Human Emotions Model (PHEM) concerning their emotional and perceptual-reactive experience, and administration of the battery of psychometric tests published in international scientific journals by the author of this work: 1) Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interviews (PICI-2), to investigate functional and dysfunctional personality traits; 2) Perrotta Individual Sexual Matrix Questionnaire (PSM-Q), to investigate the individual sexual matrix; 3) Perrotta Affective Dependence Questionnaire (PAD-Q), to investigate the profiles of affective and relational dependence; 4) Perrotta Human Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (PDM-Q), to investigate the defence mechanisms of the Ego. Results: The preliminary results of the interviews and the anamnestic form would suggest that the phenomenon of demonic possession has a greater tendency to manifest itself in the female group, in the juvenile group (and tends to decrease but not to disappear with the advancement of age) and in the group geographically originating in the centre-south of Italy (due to greater religious influences, popular beliefs and ancestral fideistic representations). Moreover, the subsequent findings would lead to deduce with almost total certainty, concerning the selected sample, that the phenomenon of demonic possession has an absolute prevalence in the believing population, faithful or in any case trusting in the existence of paranormal phenomena per se, even in the absence of objective and/or scientific evidence. Based on the PICI-2 it emerged that the primary emerging disorder turns out to be alternatively the delusional disorder, the dissociative disorder and the obsessive disorder; followed, as secondary disorders, by the delusional disorder (if it is not considered as primary disorder), the schizoid disorder, the borderline disorder and the psychopathic disorder. Even the analysis of functional traits has reported the marked dysfunctional tendency of the classes that refer to self-control, sensitivity, Ego-ID comparison, emotionality, ego stability, security and relational functionality, reaffirming here too the marked dysfunctional tendency of the clinical population. According to the PSM-Q, more than 1/4 of participants present a lack of acceptance of their sexual orientation and a marked tendency to chronicle feelings of shame into dysfunctional sexual behaviours of avoidance or hypersexuality. Still, nine in ten reports having experienced severe psychological or physical abuse at a young age, or intraparental relational imbalance, or otherwise a sexual upbringing that was not open and lacked free communication. According to the PDM-Q, 37.2% are affected by affective dependence, with a greater emphasis on types I (neurotic), V (borderline), III (histrionic), and VII (psychotic) in that order of descent. Finally, the PDM-Q reveals the widespread psychopathological tendency of the ego function framework for the mechanisms of isolation, denial, regression, reactive formation, denial, projection, removal, withdrawal, instinct, repression, and idealization. Conclusions: The present research demonstrates beyond any reasonable doubt the psychopathological nature of the phenomenon of demonic possession, which deserves to be treated pharmacologically and with a psychotherapeutic approach (preferably cognitive-behavioural and/or strategic), according to the symptoms manifested and the severity of the morbid condition. 11 Oct, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-5-134.php Objective: We studied cariprazine in therapy of visual hallucinations with a therapeutic resistance due to traumatic brain injury randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study manner. Methods: To traumatic brain injury hundred patients (100 all men) whom we studied were under observation in Mental Health Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan from January 2020 to June 2021. The method of randomization was given by lottery []. Each patient was randomized to receive either in agreement of the instruction cariprazine (50 patients) over 5 day in dose 6 mg one times per os in morning after meet for 12 weeks or matched placebo (50 patients) in a double-blind manner. A structured clinical interview, for DSM-5Axis I Disorder, Patient Edition, was used to diagnose according to DSM-5 major or mild neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury. Results: All patients (50) treated with cariprazine treated participants responded by 12 weeks, versus two of the 50 placebo-treated participants (p<0.001). The most common and problematic side effect in the cariprazine group was not. Conclusions: The authors believe this to be the first double-blind placebo-controlled randomization study to test the efficacy of a cariprazine in the management of in therapy of visual hallucinations with a therapeutic resistance due to traumatic brain injury randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study manner. They need to be replicated in a larger study group. 28 Jul, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-5-133.php Purpose: As a result of clinical findings it is necessary to make some changes to the previous model, the first version. The second version of the PICI model (Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interviews) improves the previous version by introducing some interpretative corrections, especially with regard to dysfunctional hyperactivation, unitary diagnosis, symptomatological persistence, categorical absorption, trait diagnosis and state diagnosis, egosyntony and egodystonia, reducing the items from 150 to 128 for the PICI-2C questionnaire and from 195 to 173 for the PICI-2TA questionnaire. The second version of the PICI is also enriched by a third questionnaire, PICI-2FT, always administered by the therapist after the clinical interview, with 18 items, capable of investigating functional personality traits and thus completing in a more descriptive way the personality picture of the patient in its functional and structural totality. Methods: Clinical interview, administration of the PICI-2TA and MMPI-II. Results: With a population sample of 718 participants (310 males and 408 females), performing first a clinical interview, then the PICI-2TA and finally the MMPI-II, a comparison of 99.7% of the results was valid, while the remaining 0.3% seems to be attributable to circumstances that can be identified, such as the interpretative limits of the theoretical model of the MMPI-II, a psychodiagnostic error during the previous diagnosis and the psychopathological evolution of the previously identified disorder. For reasons of theoretical differences in the models, it is not possible to carry out the same analysis for the PICI-1 children’s version (C), as the reference nosography also changes with respect to the DSM-V. Conclusions: This research demonstrated the efficacy, efficiency and psychodiagnostic reliability of the “Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interviews” (PICI-2), version for adolescents and adults (TA), in relation to the evidence obtained by comparing the data with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-II). In particular, in the PICI-2 some aspects not identified by the MMPI-II emerged, extremely useful to better profile the patient and proceed in a more systematic way to the specific clinical treatment. It is important to remember that the administration of the PICI-2 photographs the historical moment of the patient and not the previous one; therefore, it may happen that some results are conditioned or distorted by the positive or negative historical moment that the patient is living; it is the duty of the therapist to frame in a clear and exhaustive way the anamnestic universe of the patient in order to understand possible overactivations or omissions of activation following a moment of stability of the patient, which in reality hide the real extent of his clinical manifestation. psychopathological tendency, net of external reinforcements such as the family and the social context. 10 Jul, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-5-132.php Starting from the concept of “affective dependence”, this work has shown that this nosography cannot be reduced to a categorization in the list of behavioral dependencies, even if it has in common clinical and neurobiological aspects that could be misleading. In fact, the dependent manifestation is nothing more than a symptom that from time to time represents a specific element in various personality disorders, becoming the central focus of dependent personality disorder. The analytical approach must, therefore, be multidimensional, precisely to better understand all aspects of affective dependence and how it colors the manifested disorder from time to time. From affective dependence to personality disorders, in relation to the dynamics of human bonding, to the implications determined by attachment theory, in a framework of diagnostic transversality, to the best possible therapy, always integrated between psychopharmacology and psychotherapy. The Perrotta Affective Dependence Questionnaire (PAD-Q), with 35 items, on a 0-5 scale, aims to study the phenomenon of “affective dependence”, defining it instead as a maladaptive model of the affective-sentimental relationship of a couple, which involves the establishment or persistence of a clinically significant bond, lasting at least six months and characterized by a functional impairment of the relational area, the emotional area and the somatic area. 28 Jun, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-5-131.php Purpose: Starting from the concept of ‘polygamy’, this research investigates the perception and motivations behind this relational choice by couples, distinguishing between various adaptive forms, including cuckolding and troilism. Methods: Clinical interview and administration of psychodiagnostic tests for personality disorders (PICI-1TA) and individual sexual matrix survey (PSM-1). Results: The research on a population sample of 540 heterosexual people, aged between 18 and 72, of Italian nationality, with Italian ancestors in the last three generations, sexually active, with experience of at least two years, in a stable affective/ sentimental relationship with another person for at least one year and with a specific declaration of monogamy or polygamy, showed strong levels of dispersion of phenomenological reality linked to the polygamous world, strongly compromised by preconceptions, prejudices and subjective psychopathological conditions. In particular, if we then compare the 81 positive subjects with the results of the PICI-1 clinical interview, in relation to the PSM-1 (section A, B, C, E), we discover that 100% of those subjects present at least 3 dysfunctional traits of cluster B personality disorders (in particular borderline and narcissist), as well as other traits belonging to anxiety, depressive, phobic and somatic disorders, demonstrating that a good part of polygamous subjects are unaware of their dysfunctional clinical condition, probably deserving of specific psychotherapeutic support. Conclusions: The research revealed the presence of a strong prejudice and preconception about polygamy, which is almost always confused with cuckolding or other forms of of dysfunctional love. The reasons that justify the monogamous choice are often related to the idea that polygamy does not involve love, or that sex is more important than love, or that the important than love, or that social judgment is a deterrent to a free and conscious choice, or that jealousy and possessiveness prevent people from opening up to polygamous visions. Despite the fact that 63.84% (336/540) state that they are in favor of experimenting with casual threesome sex, as long as the partner is not present or does not interact with other people or does not interact with other people. The research also showed that in the young people selected, curiosity and the desire to discover make them lean more towards the idea of polygamous discovery (even if they often fall into fantasies and thoughts closer to dysfunctional forms); however, it is only in adulthood and maturity that However, it is only in adulthood and maturity that this relational system (polygamy) manages to take root, also thanks to possible individual traumatic pasts. 23 Jun, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-5-130.php Purpose: The aim of this research is to detect any clinical evidence in patients on the basis of their sexual orientation choice. The starting hypothesis, taking into account the neurobiological and endocrinological data of the last twenty years on the subject of sexual orientation, is to demonstrate an increase in psychopathological indexation in non-heterosexual patients, and then to detect among the possible psychological causal hypotheses which indicators are most present in the individual clinical history, in order to demonstrate that sexual orientation other than heterosexuality is an adaptation to a previous psychological trauma with a strong emotional and sexual impact. This research work aims to answer the following one question: “Are there any dysfunctional psychological factors that occur more frequently in any of the five identified groups?”. Methods: Clinical interview and administration of the PICI-1 and PSM-1. Results: In the male heterosexual group, the psychopathological values were 43.96%, with a greater presence of neurotic disorders, while in the female heterosexual group, the values were 57.27%, with the same majority found in the male group. In the male homosexual group, the psychopathological values were 66%, with a greater presence of neurotic disorders, while in the female homosexual group, the values were 76.97%, with the same majority found in the male group. In the male bisexual group the psychopathological values were 76.44%, with a greater presence of neurotic disorders, while in the female bisexual group the values were 70%, with the same majority as in the male group. In the groups related to the other sexual orientations (bi-curiosity, asexuality and pansexuality), none of the respondents ticked “None of the above”, thus endorsing the thesis that at least one of these factors could be a concomitant cause of the onset of non-heterosexual preference. With reference to the results obtained from the PSM-1, to the question “Are there dysfunctional psychological factors that occur more frequently?” the ticking of “None of the above” emerges in half of the respondents and tends to decrease to zero in the non-heterosexual orientations, confirming the trend already underlined. Conclusions: The topic under consideration is very thorny, more for its socio-political implications than for its clinical ones. Here, in fact, is not at stake any judgment of merit or form, but the exact clinical placement in the cognitive and experiential framework. These considerations are completely detached and far from any form of judgment or condemnation ethical, moral, social and personal. On the subject of the pathologization of sexual orientations other than heterosexuality, between the two theses under discussion (confirmation, on the one hand, or disconfirmation, on the other), this research suggests the “median” position that on the one hand confirms the non-pathological nature of sexual orientations other than heterosexuality in itself (since there is no scientific evidence to the contrary), but on the other confirms the hypothesis that, on the basis of the person’s experience, psychopathological conditions can coexist that require psychotherapeutic intervention, regardless of the orientation in itself. In conclusion, therefore, significant data emerge from this research in favor of the psychological etiological hypothesis (even if the writer adheres to the multi-causal hypothesis) according to which in sexual orientations other than heterosexuality there is a marked indexation of psychopathological and dysfunctional traits compared to the heterosexual group, with the presence of causal indicators identified in PSM-1 in increasing numbers in the same non-heterosexual groups. These data would support the hypothesis that non-heterosexual orientations could actually be the adaptive consequence of a psychological trauma, with a strong emotional and sexual impact (including abuse, violence, neurobiological, hormonal, and somatic predispositions, affective-emotional dysregulation with reference figures, and socio-environmental and family readjustments), in itself therefore not pathological but circumstances favoring negative and unfavorable dynamics, of social and environmental matrix, such as to favor or aggravate psychopathological conditions, including mood, depressive, obsessive, somatic, personality and suicidal disorders. 28 Apr, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-5-129.php Introduction: Educating the population in the field of mental health includes a set of educational, upbringing, agitation and propaganda activities aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle, preventing diseases, maintaining and strengthening health, increasing the ability of people to work, and prolonging their active life. Aim: Determine the role and place of psychoprophylaxis of psychiatric education and in the structure of the work of a psychiatrist of an outpatient consultation appointment. Material and methods: The analysis of 5 qualification works of a psychiatrist for the use of methods of psychiatric education of the contingent of patients of outpatient consultation was carried out. The depth of the study was 24 years. When working on the material, the following methodological approaches were used: systemic, complex, dynamic, normative, quantitative and situational. Analysis methods included: historical, analytical and comparison. The following techniques were used for the analysis: groupings, absolute values, continuous and selective observations. Results: Psychiatric reception in the advisory department of GAUZ RK “CDC” is carried out by one specialist. Individual psychoeducation, psychiatric education and psychoprophylaxis accompany the entire treatment process of persons with mental disorders. The psychiatrist of the regional center is constantly engaged in psychoeducation of the population, works with the medical staff of the institution and central regional hospitals, and is engaged in methodological and research work. Discussion: Health education in psychiatry in all forms contributes to a wider medical prevention of the development of pathology in the mental sphere, as well as to the improvement of already developing diseases and the prevention of relapse of cured diseases. Despite the fact that the psychiatrist simultaneously deals with such topics that are not of a pronounced psychological nature, they always include professional problems, since they relate to human relationships, provide people with information, recommendations, advice and act on them emotively. Conclusions: Sanitary educational work in psychiatry is aimed at increasing the level of knowledge of the population about mental disorders, mastering methods of protection from stress, the harmful effects of bad habits. Individual psychiatric education accompanies the entire treatment process. A psychiatrist should work with every patient who has signs of mental pathology and through the dissemination of medical and hygienic knowledge, education of sanitary and hygienic skills in order to preserve and strengthen health, improve sanitary and hygienic culture, taking into account gender, age, climatic and geographical features, national customs, traditions and other factors can affect his individual health. During an outpatient appointment, all psychiatrists, without exception, need to conduct individual conversations on the prevention of mental illness, during which it is important to explain to patients what pathology the patient has, what kind of treatment is required, what preventive measures for mental disorders exist (psychoprophylaxis, psychohygiene). Involvement of the patient in individual prevention and participation in the treatment of already developed pathology in psychiatry should be carried out using various forms of health education. It should be constructive and focused on promoting ways of recovery. Psychoeducation, psychiatric education and psychoprophylaxis, conducted by a psychiatrist, teach patients to provide themselves with possible and affordable types of preventive actions, increases the effectiveness of using the available material resources and improves the quality of life. They are types of psychological intervention aimed at achieving positive changes in the cognitive, emotional and behavioral spheres of the sick person. 22 Apr, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-5-128.php Starting from the strategic model, this research focuses on its critical aspects, to suggest a dynamic and structured model, called “decagonal model” to be applied in clinical practice and organised by actions (what), purpose (why), time/place (when/where) and modality (how). Framing the patient’s symptomatology in a specific nosographic framework (structural component) is therefore useful to take a picture of him and to recognise the habitual toxic patterns and tendencies of his personality, but the strategic operations to be put in place are to place the emphasis on the functional aspect of his personality (functional component), working on his resources, on the solutions attempted, on the vicious circles reproduced, on emotional literacy and awareness. 29 Mar, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-5-127.php Background and objectives: Drugs are a common reason for neutropoenia. The aim of this paper is to review the scientific evidence available in regard to cases of neutropoenia associated with the use of antipsychotics. Methods: A bibliographic review of the last five years collected in Pubmed, Uptodate, specifications of antipsychotics and the most important Clinical Practice Guidelines, was performed. Results: The frequency of neutropoenia associated with the use of antipsychotics and agranulocytosis is 3% and 1%, respectively. Neutropoenia is most common during the first three months of treatment. Some risk factors are prior neutropoenia, age, sex, comorbidities or genetic susceptibility. Mortality is extremely rare. Most cases of neutropoenia patients are free of symptoms and they are detected in the laboratory. However, when neutropoenia is severe, the patient can even begin to present sepsis. It is recommended undertaking healthcare education for carers and patients on alarm data. The use of clozapine has a protocol for specific management and monitoring, which reduced the incidence of agranulocytosis and mortality. The incidence of neutropoenia is lower with second and third generation antipsychotics compared to clozapine. Conclusion: The incidence of neutropoenia with antipsychotics is low. However, it is a potentially severe adverse effect. Blood work up in series needs to be performed during treatment with antipsychotics. It is possible that drugs with major antipsychotic potential such as clozapine are under used because of difficulties with their management and monitoring. 27 Mar, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-5-126.php With severe emotional deficits, the narcissist may be self-aware and knowledgeable about Narcissistic Personality Disorder, but these do not lead to healing, merely to behaviour modification. Narcissists balance a sadistic superego and a demanding and fantastic False Self. Narcissists describe themselves as machines or automata.  When they do gain self-awareness and engage in soul-searching it is in order to enhance their skills at attracting and maintaining their sources of narcissistic supply. 18 Mar, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-5-125.php Evidence is emerging that clozapine can adversely affect immunoglobulin levels. We present a case series of 17 clozapine-treated patients referred to clinical immunology centres in the north west of England with otherwise-unexplained hypogammaglobulinaemia. This adds to existing evidence and suggests that clozapine can cause clinically significant antibody deficiency that will sometimes require specialist intervention. We speculate that this putative drug toxicity could be mediated via interaction with PI3K (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase) signalling pathways involved in the development and homeostasis of B cells. It may be advisable to monitor immunoglobulin levels in patients being treated with clozapine. 08 Jan, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-5-124.php Starting from the general concept of “personality”, this work dwells on the analysis of the different theories, to then expand the theme on practical, applicative, psychodynamic, and clinical profiles, proposing a revision of the classic and modern psychodynamic model, in an integrative key. Based on three specific corrective measures, we came to propose an “Integrative Psychodynamic Model” (IPM) able to better adapt to the more complete definition of “personality”; on the same theoretical basis, we proceeded, for clinical needs, to propose a new “Psychodiagnostic Investigation Model” (PIM), revising the whole implant of the DSM-V appropriately combined with the contents of the PDM-II, to determine the listing of the new psychopathological classes on a personological basis (twenty-seven) and with the listing, for each class, of the nine dysfunctional traits, according to four areas of the domain (neurotic, latent, psychotic, mixed or residual), leaving room also for the psychopathological conditions common to all twenty-seven personality disorders and any medical and socio-environmental conditions relevant to the diagnosis. On the basis of the new Psychodiagnosis Model (PIM), the first version of two clinical interviews has been created for the analysis of personality disorders (Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interview or PICI-1), for adults and adolescents (PICI-1TA) and children (PICI-1C), proposing a new nosographic classification that would take into account the structural, functional and strategic profiles of current knowledge in the psychodiagnostic field. The two new tools, in the form of clinical interviews, after administration to a sample of three hundred units (one hundred per type), are in the diagnostic phase identical to the results of the MMPI-II, integrated with the psychodynamic profiles of the PDM-II, with more indications on the profiles related to dysfunctional personality traits, to provide a broader overview necessary to build a personalized psychotherapeutic plan, targeted and adapted to the patient, taking into account both the nosographic and psychodynamic, functional, cognitive-behavioral and strategic profiles. 31 Dec, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-4-123.php The psychotic spectrum is the category that groups together a series of disorders linked to a symptomatology in which we witness the fragmentation of the plane of reality until it is completely broken. According to the DSM-V nosography, the disorders under examination are schizophrenia, delusional disorder, paranoid disorder, schizoid disorder, schizotypic disorder, schizoaffective disorder, brief psychotic disorder, psychotic break and catatonia. In this work, theoretical and practical profiles were analysed, paying attention to neurobiological content and therapeutic profiles, both psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological. A note of disappointment has been made in the nosographic categorisation of dissociative disorders that currently would not be included in the psychotic spectrum disorders, although from the elements that emerged it would be interesting to revise them, precisely because of the clinical nature of the psychopathological category. 30 Dec, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-4-122.php Purpose: In order to study in depth the paraphiliac universe of the patient, avoiding diagnostic errors in terms of sexuality, sexual fantasies and disorders codified by the DSM-V, this research work focused on the importance of the exact identification of relevant sexual behaviours, in order to facilitate the relationship with the patient and the therapeutic pathway. Methods: Once the population sample had been selected, which met the required requirements (age between 18 and 65 years, confirmed psychopathological diagnosis, absence of degenerative neurological pathologies and ability to understand and want to participate in the research), the first practical phase of the research was carried out with the execution of the clinical interview, asking the participants to omit any information (at this stage) about the previous psychopathological diagnosis suffered, so as not to induce the writer into any conditioning. The second and third phases of the research concluded with the initialling and interpretation, in the telematic presence with the interviewed subject, of the PICI-1 clinical interview (TA version). The fourth and fifth phases of the research concluded with the initialling and interpretation, in the telematic presence with the interviewed subject, of the MMPI-II, detecting in particular the clinical and content scales, with a value higher than 65 points (correct). The last phase of the research, the sixth, ended with an informative comparison between the results of the MMPI-II test and those of the PICI-1TA clinical interview. Results: With a population sample of 472 participants (240 males and 232 females), performing first a clinical interview, then the PICI-1TA and finally the MMPI-II, a comparison of 98.73% of the results was valid, while the remaining 1.27% seems to be attributable to circumstances that can be identified, such as the interpretative limits of the theoretical model of the MMPI-II, a psychodiagnostic error during the previous diagnosis and the psychopathological evolution of the previously identified disorder. For reasons of theoretical differences in the models, it is not possible to carry out the same analysis for the PICI-1 children’s version (C), as the reference nosography also changes with respect to the DSM-V. Conclusions: With this research, despite the insufficiently representative sample, the effectiveness, efficiency and psychodiagnostic reliability of the Perrotta Integrative Clinical Interview (PICI-1), version for adolescents and adults (TA), was demonstrated in relation to the evidence obtained by comparing the data with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-II). In particular, some aspects not identified by the MMPI-II emerged in the PICI-1, extremely useful to better profile the patient and proceed in a more systematic way to the specific clinical treatment. 15 Dec, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-4-121.php Objective: Despite the availability of vast group of drugs, treatment of depression still remains unsatisfactory. Serious adverse effects of anti-depressants lead to early withdrawal from treatment. One more important concern is the therapeutic lag of nearly 3-4 weeks. Therefore, newer targets for drugs with good safety profile, rapid onset of action and with substantial benefits in comparison to conventional therapy need to be explored. Method: 10 groups of 6 mice each were evaluated for immobility time in TST and FST. Treatment used was normal saline (control), citalopram, ketamine, glycine and combination of ketamine with glycine. Results: Significant decrease in immobility time was observed in ketamine treated mice in both models. Citalopram decreased the immobility time in both models but it was not significant in FST. Glycine treated mice showed a significant increase in immobility time in both. Ketamine and glycine combination also increased the immobility time, though, it was not significant. Conclusion: Ketamine have an antidepressant activity of its own which could be attributed to involvement of NMDA receptors and its interaction with the monoaminergic system. On the other hand, glycine, a co-agonist of NMDA receptor elicited a depressant effect. Moreover, their combination favored towards depressant effect. 11 Aug, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-4-120.php Starting from the general concept of “borderline”, the present work focuses on the essential aspects of personality disorder that define the clinical and diagnostic contexts, laying the foundations for a correct differential diagnosis, without neglecting the neural characteristics developed by the scientific community. A new classification model of borderline personality disorder, based on five levels, is proposed. The discussion ends with the best suggested therapeutic approaches. 08 Jul, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-4-119.php Starting from the concept of “cuckold” and having placed the substantial differences with the “troilism”, despite the terminological error committed by almost all the researchers who consider these two terms of synonyms, we proceeded to analyze the clinical, neurobiological and relational profiles, to then investigate the borderline forms of troilism: Open couples, polygamy and polyamory. By analyzing the possible etiological causes, which are the basis of these manifestations, it was concluded that probably the multifactorial is the most suitable answer, with a clear orientation towards the psychological causes deriving from a post-traumatic stress adaptation (substantially in the field of paraphilias or narcissism with adaptive forms, therefore self-destructive). 02 Jul, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-4-118.php The authors describe a 14-year-old adolescent presenting a first manic episode begun during COVID-19 lockdown measures. The patient was experiencing extreme psychological discomfort about the lockdown measures. Family environment was described as stressful and freedom limitation perceived as extremely oppressive. The inpatient care and pharmacological intervention allowed rapid symptoms remission. The present early onset manic episode follows the model combining the personal vulnerability with a strong triggering factor. The authors conclude that the role of COVID-19 pandemic and its implication on adolescent’s mental health needs to be further investigated. 13 Jun, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-4-117.php Introduction: Professionalism as one of the core competencies in health care service is addressed from a patient’s point of view. This paper covers the rights of patients and the ethical obligations of health care workers to ensure patient’s satisfaction. 04 Jun, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-4-116.php Starting from the general concept of “alien abduction experience”, the present work focuses on the essential aspects of the disorder defining the clinical and diagnostic contexts, laying the foundations for correct differential diagnosis, without neglecting the neural characteristics elaborated in the scientific community. The discussion concludes with the best therapeutic approaches suggested on the subject, paying particular attention to analyzing the related profiles and those related to the presumed discovery of alien implants in the human body of patients. 31 Mar, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-4-115.php Mental health disorders affect people in all societies. In the past thirty years, countries have launched mental health program reforms to care for people affected by mental disorders, mental well-being and protection of human rights. This review presents a wide range of mental health reforms conducted in different countries, compares barriers, present trends for the future and highlight what can be learned from them. A literature review using Pubmed, Ebsco, world bank.org, OECD, Statistic Times and the WHO Mental Health Atlases for 2001, 2005, 2011, and 2017 databases was conducted. The results are presented in tables highlighting key elements comparing demographic information, healthcare professionals working in the mental health sector, policies, legislation and site of treatment in 19 countries. Crucial information is presented in four main themes: Legislation and Regulations; Mental health policies, plans and programs; Eliminating the custodial approach and stigma; and Deinstitutionalization/priority on community care and networks of care. Most mental health reforms began with deinstitutionalization without fully considering the infrastructure needed for community care, financing and the number of healthcare workers in the mental health sector. When initiating mental health reform policy makers should consider legislation, financial ability and establishing intermediate community services to facilitate rehabilitation. 21 Mar, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-4-114.php A dual pathology is the coexistence of a psychiatric disorder and an addiction in the same patient. Between 30 and 50% of patients currently admitted to psychiatry in Europe would suffer from a dual pathology. The interaction between two mental illnesses can lead to a different clinical picture of the clinical pictures of each of the pathologies taken separately and may require new therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to better understand the decompensation or relapse of a dual pathology. Based on a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach by grounded theory, adult patients hospitalized in psychiatry were asked about their subjective experience of the use of psychoactive substances. The sample consisted of sixteen patients, dependent on at least one psychoactive substance (tobacco excluded) and classified according to their psychiatric pathology: troubles of the schizophrenia spectrum, mood and personality disorders (respectively 7, 5 and 4 patients). 25 Dec, 2019 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-3-113.php Approximately 20% of children and adolescents experience a diagnosable mental health disorder each year. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders in US children include ADHD, behavioral disorders, and mood disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression). 21 Oct, 2019 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-3-112.php Introduction: The predicted increase in anthropogenic, technogenic, social, military, possible space disasters and emergencies attracts the attention of health organizers, doctors of specialists and especially psychologists and psychiatrists in connection with the need to provide assistance to the victims, as well as to develop principles, strategies and tactics, methods and means of providing timely psycho-psychiatric care. 25 Apr, 2019 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-3-111.php Marijuana smoking culture in Indian youth has increased rapidly in the last decade and mostly the growth has been observed in urban population of the youth. It is strange because smoking marijuana a.k.a “ganja” once considered a practice done by poor and illiterate people or by sadhus and fakir, it is strange because the same youth which labeled marijuana as a drug habit of poor people are doing it and advocating its use in spite of being well educated and coming from respected families. We can observe that a large college going students are into this habit without being aware of its addictive nature and long term effects. This change happened gradually over last decade. 28 Feb, 2019 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-3-110.php Introduction: In accordance with relevant historical sources and the objective of reducing the conceptual ambiguity surrounding full awareness or mindfulness, it should be emphasized that the aim of these concepts is better self-regulation and that the task of the observer is to remain equanimous between attraction and repulsion of what is being observed. Methods: A search for the word or descriptor “mindfulness” with the use of modern search engines and research databases with thesaurus, such as Medline-PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Library and InDICEs-CSIC, results in such a high number of records that this is, in practice, unmanageable. Therefore, this article, which is essentially a theoretical review and an opinion study, will only take into consideration the most important, novel or significant findings. 31 Jan, 2019 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-3-109.php “Suicide is a complex global public health problem, yet few studies have examined local socio-cultural explanatory models and other contextual factors surrounding suicide in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC)” (Hagaman et al., 2013). Haiti is one of many LMIC’s where suicide has not been studied until now. Strong cultural beliefs and fear of stigma has played a large role in the lack of attention paid to this crisis. This article focuses on a qualitative data analysis study which included a multi-year ethnographic and epidemiological study conducted in Lahoye, Haiti. The study was conducted between May and June of 2011 by a non-governmental organization (NGO) which included the assistance of eight biomedical healthcare workers and 16 lay community members. It compared the two group’s ability to recognize potential suicidal risk factors and the actual intent to commit suicide. 21 Sep, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-2-108.php Background: Adolescents losing a parent are a risk group for future complications in their ongoing live such as higher rate of mortality, self- harm and other mental health problems. There is a lack of knowledge in what, how and when to offer help as well as no concluding theoretical model to understand the whole process of losing a parent. The objective of this study was to examine how the relationships of some young people are affected by the loss of a parent to cancer during their teenage years. 05 Jul, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-2-107.php Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS), also known as visual release hallucinations is the experience of complex visual hallucinations in an individual with partial or severe blindness. It is an uncommon disorder with a worldwide prevalence ranging between 0.5%- 40%. However, the prevalence in Africa is largely unknown due to unavailability of reliable statistics. 08 Apr, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-2-106.php Background: To investigates executive functioning in Conduct disorder with comorbid ADHD. Methods: Participants were adolescent males with ADHD, CD with comorbid ADHD and healthy controls. Executive functioning were assessed using Go/No go task, Iowa gambling test and selected tests from CANTAB. 03 Apr, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-2-105.php Deaths from opioid overdose in the United States doubled between 2000-2014. An increase in prescription opioid drug-induced fatalities parallels a rise in the frequency of these medications being prescribed. 23 Mar, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-2-104.php Aim: Adolescents with eating disorders frequently present late for treatment or not at all. This study aimed to determine whether there were any identifying characteristics of adolescents with eating disorders that might assist health care professionals with earlier detection. 28 Feb, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-2-103.php The rapid growth of information communication technology (ICT) has brought new hope for people with mental illness who were beyond health and social service for long time. 11 Feb, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-2-102.php Wilson’s disease is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder of copper metabolism. Neurological and psychiatric manifestations can be a presenting manifestation of Wilson’s disease. We describe a case of a 13 year old child diagnosed with Wilson’s disease who presented with coprolalia (complex vocaltics). 11 Aug, 2016 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/APT-1-101.php Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the psychopathology of parents of autistic children based on clinical personality disorders.