https://www.organscigroup.us/journals/archives-of-renal-diseases-and-management A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 22 May, 2025 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-10-148.php Membranous Nephropathy (MN) is a leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. It is broadly classified into primary (idiopathic) and secondary forms, based on underlying aetiology. Among the secondary causes, infections— particularly hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses—play a significant role in disease pathogenesis. 17 Dec, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-9-147.php A man born in 1967, was affected by Prune-Belly Syndrome, kyphosis, respiratory failure, and convulsive episodes. In addition, he had also undergone surgery to reconstruct his urinary tract and bladder. At 7 years of age, a Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) was diagnosed and in 1979 he began haemodialysis, at the Siena hospital. From 1980 he continued Hemodialysis (HD) three times a week in Arezzo Hospital and therefore this year he “completed” 44 years of extracorporeal dialysis. He has never been declared suitable for transplant due to bladder malposition and respiratory insufficiency. Despite congenital physical problems and dialysis the patient leads a normal social life, is politically and socially engaged, and is one of the patients of our Dialysis Center who is most attentive to the needs of other dialysis and transplant patients. 07 May, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-9-146.php Hyponatremia is a life-threatening situation in severe inflammatory disorders. Managing this disorder is seriously hampered because its underlying pathophysiology has remained elusive. An increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) during systemic inflammation may be involved in this hyponatremic mechanism as it is known that circulating TNFα exerts potent natriuresis via its action on receptor type 1 (TNFR1). Systemic inflammation also induces non-osmotic release of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), commonly known as ‘Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH’ (SIADH), that would cause water retention to increase in Extracellular Fluid Volume (ECV). Thus, the inflammation-induced TNFR1 activation and sodium loss coupled with SIADH-induced increases in ECV, would lead to the serious condition of hypervolemic hyponatremia. In this brief review, some experimental evidence will be provided that indicates TNFR1 activation during the inflammatory process can be targeted therapeutically to prevent such critical conditions of hypervolemic hyponatremia. The importance of these co-morbidities also extends to several other clinical scenarios of hyponatremia observed in patients with heart failure, liver disease, and renal disease. Besides the pathophysiological insights, the recognition of the propensity for both antidiuresis and natriuresis during inflammation is critically important in selecting the appropriate intravenous fluid regimens in patients with this disorder such as in the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). 18 Apr, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-9-145.php Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) refers to progressive and irreversible kidney function loss; it is currently an important health problem due to its high social costs. Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) causes accumulation of Uremic Toxins (UT) that must be excreted by the kidney, increasing their serum concentrations, toxicity, and hence disease progression. Dysbiosis is the alteration in the composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota and is related to systemic inflammation. Patients with CKD present biochemical changes at the intestinal level that cause dysbiosis, altering the kidney-gut axis, which is implicated in the higher production of UT. Evidence suggests an association between UT and cardiovascular risk in CKD, and different mechanisms are involved in each of them. Modulation of the gut microbiota by specific nutrients is a new strategy for the nutritional approach to CKD. Novel strategies based on the use of probiotics and prebiotics aim to reduce the synthesis and accumulation of UTs to reduce disease progression; however, with current evidence, the effect and benefit of supplementation cannot be concluded, so more research in humans is needed to identify useful bacterial strains and doses to obtain beneficial effects in CKD patients. 26 Aug, 2023 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-8-144.php The dysbiotic microbiota is one of the clinical findings in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), and this intestinal imbalance is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. With this, probiotic supplementation presents itself as a possible adjuvant therapy to improve this dysbiosis, due to the contribution to the integrity of the intestinal barrier. In this context, this study aims to explain the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and CKD and the repercussions of the use of probiotics on the prognosis of these patients. For this, a narrative review was developed, using the LILACS, MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed databases, in which articles available in full from the last 5 years, in Portuguese and English, were included. The indication of probiotics as a complementary therapy in renal patients was verified due to the disturbed intestinal microbiome, which aggravates the patient’s inflammatory state. Thus, the supplementation of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus rauteri LRE02, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and Lactobacillus casei shirota, acts in the reduction of nephrotoxic substances derived from metabolism in the dysbiotic intestine, in the reduction of urea levels and creatinine levels, in addition to lower levels of C-reactive protein. Thus, the administration of probiotics has been shown to be a precursor in the modulation of toxins derived from the altered microbiota in these patients. On the other hand, there is still controversy about the use of this therapy, because despite improvements in biochemical manifestations, the effective impact on the preservation of glomerular filtration rate is still poorly understood. 04 Jul, 2023 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-8-143.php Background: Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage, named Wünderlich Syndrome (WS) is usually managed by emergency surgeons with a conventional laparotomy. The aim is to report a patient with WS successfully treated by a laparoscopic approach avoiding open surgery. Methods: A 50-year-old female was diagnosed with WS hemodynamic instability and flank pain. After a normal CT scan that discarded visceral injuries and stabilized, the patient underwent a laparoscopic renal exploration. Results: Laparoscopic approach was as standard transperitoneal renal access. Fortunately, the hematoma was within Gerota fascia meaning a non-complex surgery. Due to the high R.E.N.A.L. score, it was necessary to complete a radical nephrectomy. Surgical time was 120 minutes without perioperative complications and the renal unit was retrieved using a Pfannenstiel incision. Estimate blood loss was not quantified. Finally, the hospital stay was 24 hrs. Conclusion: Laparoscopic approach could be performed in selected patients with WS especially when are hemodynamic stabilized with no visceral injury associated. Immediately treatment could facilitate the procedure because it avoids adherences or fibrosis due to hematoma. Experience in the laparoscopic approach is necessary. 16 Dec, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-7-142.php Introduction: The kidneys are fundamental organs for survival and the progressive loss of their functions causes the loss of regulatory, excretory and endocrine functions, essentially affecting the entire balance of the organism. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is considered a complex disease and a worldwide public health problem with the number of patients continuously increasing, even in the pediatric population. CKD often progresses to end-stage requiring Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT). Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice to maximize the survival, growth, and development of pediatric patients, however, if dialysis is necessary, Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) is a high-quality and low-cost RRT modality preferred therapy for children and adolescents with End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). In this scope, this study aimed to carry out an integrative review of the survival and the epidemiological, clinical, social and economic profile of children and adolescents with PD. Methods: It is an integrative review whose data collection was carried out between January 2019 and January 2021 following the methodology suggested by the literature, using a validated data collection instrument. The following health science descriptors (DECs) from the VHL portal (virtual health library) were used: children, adolescents, chronic peritoneal dialysis, survival and epidemiology. Results: Thirty-five studies were selected and evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). The level of evidence of the articles was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) scale. Survival and epidemiological, social, economic and clinical aspects of pediatric PD in Brazil and worldwide have been described and reviewed. Conclusions: The complexity and costs involved in the care of pediatric patients in RRT impact their survival. Mortality and morbidity are higher than in healthy children and life expectancy is considerably lower. ESKD is more severe in the pediatric population and interferes with general development, weight and height gain, regulation of mineral metabolism and causes definitive cardiovascular calcifications. Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice to maximize the survival, growth and development of pediatric patients. However, if dialysis is necessary PD is the first-choice modality in this population. Unfortunately, data are scarce in the literature on its survival and its epidemiological, social, economic and clinical aspects. 27 Aug, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-7-141.php Pregnancy induces marked changes in the cardiovascular and plasma volume regulatory systems. By the end of the first trimester of gestation, the kidneys show marked glomerular hyperfiltration, resulting in a decrease in the patient’s serum creatinine with advancing gestational age [1]. 27 Jul, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-7-140.php Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), is the 9th most common cancer in the United States. The major classifications of RCC include clear cell (ccRCC), papillary (pRCC) and chromophobe (chRCC). Treatment for the localized disease includes resection or ablation with curative intent, or surveillance if these procedures are not feasible. Unfortunately, about one-third of patients will present with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and there are currently no reliable biomarkers to guide clinical decision-making. There is growing evidence that epigenetics plays a role in kidney cancer tumorigenesis and aggressiveness and new strategies for biomarker development are emerging. For example, DNA methylation patterns may be useful in distinguishing different types of RCCs and for distinguishing malignant kidney neoplasms from benign tumors. Epigenetic changes in RCC have also been associated with poorer response to treatment and have the potential to be novel drug targets in the treatment of mRCC. Here we discuss the epigenetics of RCC and the corresponding clinical implications. 23 Mar, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-7-139.php We describe a young man of 37 years with a transient but marked Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) syndrome due to severe covid infection with the perfect recovery of semen parameters along with recovery of general health. Setting district general hospital: Intervention none. We review the role of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus), the role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2), Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) and propose that it is potentially involved in a cause and effect mechanism of injury. 04 Jan, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-7-138.php Background: Chronic hemodialysis patients have higher cardiovascular morbidity compared to the general population. A number of studies have suggested that patients undergoing hemodialysis with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membranes have a better outcome compared to other membranes. Methods: We performed a retrospective, multicenter study to evaluate the impact of PMMA membranes compared to other types of membranes on clinical parameters considered important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease patients. Results: The study included 104 patients (52 patients on PMMA and 52 patients on other membranes) from ten dialysis centers, monitored for 24 months. HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) increased significantly in the PMMA group (41.4 ± 10.8 to 44.1 ± 13.5, p = 0.0467), but not in the control group (41.8 ± 13.8 to 39.4 ± 9.6, p = 0.8628). At 24 months total cholesterol and triglycerides (mg/dl) were significantly lower in the PMMA group than in the control group (142.4 ± 43.8 vs. 166.1 ± 43.4, p = 0.0321 and 106 (76.5-176) vs. 170 (118-254), p = 0.014), respectively. Serum creatinine (mg/dL) increased significantly from baseline to 24months in the PMMA group (9.20 ± 2.5 to 9.47 ± 2.3, p = 0.0291), but not in the patients treated with other membranes (8.39 ± 2.6 to 8.37 ± 2.3, p = 0.2743). In addition creatinine was significantly higher in the PMMA group compared to the other group (9.47 ± 2.3 vs. 8.37 ± 2.3, p = 0.0493). WBCs (109/L) increased significantly in the control group (6151 ± 1846 to 6672 ± 1872, p = 0.0457) but not in the PMMA group (6326 ± 2113 to 6152 ± 1832, p = 0.8981). At 24 months platelets (109/L) and CRP (ng/dL) were significantly lower in the PMMA group compared to the control group (185 (144-222) vs. 210 (173-259), p = 0.0498 and 0.70 (0.30-1.59) vs. 3.76 (0.46-10.2), p = 0.023, respectively). Iron and transferrin (μ g/dL) decreased signifi cantly in the patients treated with other membrane (62.5 ± 30.4 to 52.6 ±19.0, p = 0.0113 and 178 (157-218) to 170 (124-203), p = 0.0019, respectively), but not in the PMMA group. Conclusion: This retrospective study of data from 104 patients shows a favorable effect of PMMA on clinical variables considered relevant for the development of atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients. 31 Dec, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-6-137.php Background: Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is a general health problem having a genuine effect on the quality of life of the patients experiencing hemodialysis. Objectives: The aim and objectives of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effect of dialysis on the quality of life of patients with End Stage Renal Failure (ESRF). Methodology: Sample of 103 Patients Undergoing hemodialysis were included in study from two hospitals (public sector) of Quetta Pakistan. Information was gathered by the fruition of a self-utilized survey a part of KDQOL-SF fusing the instrument of the SF-36 survey of health and an extra poll so as to incorporate demographics. Writing survey depended on studies, audits and articles got from global information bases concerning the quality of life of individuals with end stage renal failure. Result: A total of 103 responses were collected out of which 54 (53.4%) were males and 49 (47.6%) were females with the mean age between 30 and 45 (38.8%) years old. Majority of the patients were in a Moderate state of health 56 (54.4 %) and 33(32%) were those who had Bad health state, while 14 (13.6%) patients with Good quality of health. Majority of the patients were not at all bothered by dryness of skin (27.2%), itchy skin (39.8%), lack of appetite (32%), washed out or exhausted (39%), soreness of muscles (35%), pain in their joints (32%), easy brouising (45.6%), sleepiness at the day time (42.7%), cramps during dialysis (60.2%) and after dialysis (36.9%), stiffness of joints (33%), back pain (31.1%), numbness in hands or feet (37.9%), bone aches (30.1%), muscle pain (41.7%), headache (26.2%), stomach problem or nausea (31.1%), shortness of breath (43.7%), faintness or dizziness (64.1%), hot or cold spells (36.9%), trouble concentration (52.4%), trouble in getting breath (52.4%), blurred vision (42.7%), chest pain (52.4%), swelled ankles (34%), loss of tast 3 (35.9%), clotting or other access site problems (62.1%) and majority of the patients were extremely bothered by lack of strength (36.9%), weakness and fatigue (51.5%), excessive thirst (41.7%), dryness of mouth (34%), trouble in sleeping (37.9%), head ach (26.2%). Majority of the patients were somewhat bothered by high blood pressure (19.4%) and low blood pressure (13.6%). Conclusion: Specific variables, such as age, gender, social support, income, the quality of life of the patients is effected either negatively or positively by education physical functioning health and disease symptoms. Particular factors, for example, age, gender, social support, income, education, physical working wellbeing and ailment side effects can influence either decidedly or adversely the quality of patients life. 28 Sep, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-6-136.php From the establishment of nearly universal health coverage for end stage renal disease in 1972 to 2021, the primary treatment modality has been in-center hemodialysis despite significant advances in home therapies such as peritoneal dialysis and home hemodialysis. 28 Aug, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-6-135.php Background: End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) and associated complications are related with increased prevalence of psychological disorders. There is a growing trend of elderly and high comorbid individuals beginning chronic Hemodialysis Programs (HD) while there is limited knowledge about the influence of functional impairment and comorbidity burden in the prevalence of mental health disorders and life satisfaction on HD population. The purposes of this study were to report the local prevalence of psychological disorders, life satisfaction and self-reported health status as well to describe differences in functional status and comorbidity burden scores between patients with moderate/severe psychological disorders and those none/mild alterations of a Latin American chronic HD cohort. Methods: Transversal uni-center study in 139 Ecuadorian chronic and stable HD patients. Once patients were eligible to participate six tests were applied to explore functional status (Barthel Index and PPS score), depression, anxiety and stress prevalence (DASS-21 scale) comorbidity burden (Charlson Index), self-rated health state (EQ-5D/VAS) and satisfaction with life (SWLS score) Exclusion criteria were: Time in HD less than 6 months, recent hospitalization (less than 3 months) and severe cognitive impairment. Continuous symmetric variables were described as mean ± standard deviation or median and interquartile range if asymmetric. T-test was used for symmetric continuous variables, U-Mann-Whitney if asymmetric and chi-square for qualitative variables. Results: A total of 79 (55%) patients were male. Mean time in HD was 73 ± 47 months, with mean age 56 ± 15,7 years. Prevalence of moderate/severe mental health disorders were: depression (28%), anxiety (37%) and stress (34%). Moderate/severe depressed patients scored significatively lower in Barthel Index (p=0.048) and those with moderate/severe stress scored significatively lower in Barthel Index (p=0.025) and PPS score (p=0.030). Time in HD > 92 months was significatively related with moderate severe/anxiety (0.044). Unsatisfaction with life was found in 20% of patients and it was significatively related with lower functional Barthel Index (p=0.017) and PPS score (p=0.041) when compared with those satisfied with life. Patients with self-rated health status <70% on EQ-5D VAS scored significatively lower in Barthel Index (p=0.022) and PPS score (0.003) vs those with ≥70% score. No differences were found with age, CKD etiology, civil and laboral status. Conclusions: Prevalence of mental health disorders is similar to other series reported. Patients with moderate/severe depression, stress, unsatisfaction with life, and low self-reported health state had worst functional status than those with none/mild alterations. Time in HD over 7.6 years was associated with higher intensity of anxiety. 27 Jan, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-6-134.php We report a case of a 63-year-old female presenting with abdominal pain, who suffered a dramatic deterioration in her condition following a diagnosis of bilateral renal infarcts on imaging. Within days she had developed widespread aneurysmal dilatation, dissection and thrombosis of the intra-abdominal arterial tree, requiring emergency transfer to a tertiary vascular centre for treatment of polyarteritis nodosa. She responded well to intravenous cyclophosphamide and is now receiving treatment on an outpatient basis. 30 Mar, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-5-133.php Although the majority of the End Stage Renal Disease patients are treated with conventional thrice weekly in-center hemodialysis, there has been recent growth in the adoption of home dialysis modalities, mainly peritoneal dialysis and in these last 10 years the resurgence of home hemodialysis in its daily or daily night version [1-3]. Latest observational studies have identified that home hemodialysis (HHD) is associated with improved patient survival compared with conventional in center hemodialysis (ICHD). 17 Sep, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-4-132.php End Stage Renal Disease impacts the lives of over 750,000 patients and their families in the United States. It is well documented that the treatment is both expensive and takes a physical and fi nancial toll on the patient and their respective families [1]. Depending on the treatment modality, many patients fall out of the workforce under the age of 65 and depend on disability to survive creating an additional expense for the government and the general economy through a lower utilization of the workforce [2]. 06 May, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/ARDM-4-131.php Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevalent in hospitalized patients, primarily in patients undergoing major surgical procedures. AKI is associated with increased morbimortality, and patients would benefit from a very early diagnosis that would allow implementation of specific therapeutic or additional prophylactic measures. The present study evaluated serum cystatin C as an early predictor of AKI in elderly patients during the postoperative period. Methods: Fifty-nine patients, aged 60 years or older undergoing correction of femur fracture under spinal anaesthesia, were prospectively evaluated up to 48 hours after surgery. Serum cystatin C was measured immediately after surgery and four (early marker) and 24 hours after surgery. The diagnosis of AKI was based on creatinine values up to 48 hours after surgery (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, KDIGO), and the impact of serum cystatin C on the diagnosis of AKI was evaluated four hours after surgery. 26 Sep, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-3-130.php Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is still common in our region and it is characterized by acute onset of edema, gross hematuria, hypertension, acute kidney injury and temporary hypocomplementemia with a preceding group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. 23 Sep, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-3-129.php In the setting of an IgG-dominant immune complexmediated glomerulonephritis, there are multiple pathological fi ndings that strongly suggest the diagnosis of lupus nephritis (LN) including “full-house” immunofl uorescence staining for IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 and C1, 13 Sep, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-3-128.php Fundamentals. Diabetes mellitus 2 is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence in recent years, it is expected that by 2030 there will be 336 million diabetics worldwide, and the increase in life expectancy will infl uence the presentation of chronic complications, including chronic kidney disease with a prevalence of 10 to 14% of the adult population. 29 Aug, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-3-127.php Background: The problem of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is a panic and it is still inevitable. 13 Jul, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-3-126.php This article describes hydroelectrolytic disorder in a 77-years-old patient accepted at an emergency room with atypical hyponatremia that has been analyzed through laboratory tests. The aim of this study is to understand cause and proper care in cases of abnormal variations of sodium levels in the body and review the literature about severe hyponatremia. 06 Jul, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-3-125.php A 65-year-old man, with suspected right adrenal metastasis from hepatic carcinoma, was scheduled to undergo a laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. 26 Jun, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-3-124.php Aim: To investigate the long-term effects of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on renal status in rats. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were distributed into 2 groups: AAS or placebo, for 3 months. The animal received 10mg/kg body weight of Stanozonol once a week by intramuscular injection in the gluteus, or saline solution as placebo. 19 Jun, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-3-123.php Uric Acid appears to be one of the most important prognostic markers and one of the principal risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of our study was to assess three groups of patients: a fi rst group reated with Allopurinol (AL), a second group not adequately controlled by treatment with AL or allergic to AL switched to treatment with Febuxostat (AL/FB) and a third group of naive patients immediately treated with Febuxostat (FB). The effectiveness and tolerability of both drugs were therefore assessed over time. 19 Jun, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-3-122.php Introduction: Identifi cation of the disease in its early period changes the outcome. Early reorganition of the chronic kidney disease and a timely referral to nephrologist also affects the prognosis of the disease. The factors which contribute in late referral are well known in the western population. There is a need to look into the factors in our population. 01 Jun, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-3-121.php Background: Language barriers are associated with worse health outcomes in the general population but data in kidney transplantation is lacking. This study tested the hypothesis that non-native English speakers using interpreters have poorer outcomes after kidney transplantation compared to native English speakers. Methods: A single-center retrospective study analyzing all kidney allograft recipients transplanted between 2007-2015, with data linkage between various electronic patient records to create a comprehensive database. 29 May, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-3-120.php Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the quality of life (QoL) in dialysis patients (DP) and the factors affecting the QoL. Material and Methods: 104 DP patients receiving treatment at a university hospital were included in this research, which was also a cross-sectional study. Data were collected with the Patient Information Form (PIF) and Kidney Disease Quality of Life Form (KDQOL-36). Collected data were evaluated on SPSS. 19 May, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-3-119.php Introduction: One of most common treatments of end-stage renal disease is peritoneal dialysis. Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a complication in which the osmotic capacity of the peritoneal barrier is lost, due to infections or the irritating effect of dialysis solutions. This pathology has different clinical presentations, hence the need of different diagnostic and therapeutic methods. 17 May, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-3-118.php Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common condition affecting up to 4 per 1000 of population, and the majority of cases are due to adenoma or hyperplasia of the gland [1]. 03 May, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-3-117.php The uremic syndrome is provoked by a progressive number of compounds that are normally excreted by kidneys in healthy individuals. Indoxylsulphate (IXS) and p-cresylsulphate (PCS), have been found increased in subjects with end stage renal disease (ESRD) creating great harm to biological systems; these uremic toxins come from the intestinal bacterial fermentation of the proteins. 09 Dec, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-2-116.php Here we report two cases of proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits, a form of renal involvement by monoclonal gammopathy that mimics immune complex glomerulonephritis. Case 1 presented with incidental proteinuria and a renal biopsy showed mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG kappa deposits on immunofluorescence examination. 06 Dec, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-2-115.php Lactic acidosis generally occurs in those who have kidney, liver, lung or heart dysfunction. Herein, a 73-year-old woman diagnosed as type B lactic acidosis due to metformin without any organ dysfunction was presented. 30 Nov, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-2-114.php Numerous beneficial effects on cardiovascular health have been described for magnesium (Mg). Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common complication in hemodialysis patients which contributes to cardiovascular mortality. It has been suggested that higher dialysate Mg (DMg) might reduce the risk of IDH. 01 Nov, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-2-113.php Background: Diet plays a key role in the pathogenesis of kidney stones. In particular, recent findings have advanced knowledge on the protective role of a high calcium diet. However, not much is known about the specific role played by milk intake in the pathogenesis of kidney stones compared with other dairy products, especially cheese. 13 Aug, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-2-112.php Introduction: Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis has been reported to occur in association with non-Hodgkin is lymphoma but there is few information about glomerulonephritis response to the treatment of non-Hodgkin is lymphoma. 16 Jul, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-2-111.php Background: The determination of resting energy expenditure (REE) in critically ill patients is essential to prevent hypo and hyper alimentation. 24 Jun, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-2-110.php Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disease involving a broad range of alterations of calcium homeostasis, sustained by parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels that are clearly abnormal. The anomalies directly associated with hyperparathyroidism are nephrolithiasis and fibrocystic bone disease. Open 18 May, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-2-109.php A case of intractable gross hematuria in a patient with severe cardiac failure is presented. Diagnostic studies revealed venous stasis in bladder as the cause of this extensive bleeding. The clinical problems in the course of diagnosis and management of this rare and refractory condition case are discussed. 01 Feb, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-2-108.php Renal (ureteric) colic is a common surgical emergency. It is usually caused by calculi obstructing the ureter, but about 15% of patients have other causes, e.g. extrinsic compression, intramural neoplasia or an anatomical abnormality [1]. Up to 12 percent of the population will have a urinary stone during their lifetime, and recurrence rates approach 50 percent [2]. 01 Feb, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-2-107.php Introduction: PTH is released from the parathyroid glands behind the thyroid and is the primary regulator of calcium homeostasis. Indications for surgery in hyperparathyroidism remain controversial but can include symptomatic disease, renal stones, impaired renal function, bone involvement or marked reduction in bone density. Due to hypocalcaemia post op, pre-op calcium loading should occur. However not much research has been conducted into this area. 21 Jan, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-2-106.php Patients undergoing hemodialysis often present with a reduced response to anti-hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) vaccination. The soluble form of CD40 (sCD40) is elevated in hemodialysis patients and this has been shown to correlate with lack of response to anti-HBV vaccination. Due to its high molecular weight, conventional dialyzers cannot clear sCD40. Previous studies have demonstrated, that dialysis membranes in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) can reduce the levels of sCD40. 21 Oct, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-1-105.php Peyronie's disease is a relatively common condition, with an incidence of 3-9%. It is often associated with diabetes and erectile dysfunction (ED). This condition causes a penile deformity that can affect sexual penetration and lead to psychological disorders because of the difficulty in coping with the situation. Sometime the surgery does not satisfy the patients; we tried to evaluate this aspect of the disease. 23 Sep, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-1-104.php A 32-year-old woman presented with a one-year history of mild abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant and a palpable pulsatile abdominal mass on physical examination. The results of laboratory investigations, including serum urea and creatinine levels, were unremarkable. 03 Aug, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-1-103.php Introduction: Hilar hyalinosis (HH) of glomeruli has been thought for a long time to be a precursor or a variant of focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS). In view of its implications on treatment and prognosis of nephrotic syndrome, a retrospective study of hilar hyalinosis in children with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), but without any other histologic evidence of FGS, was performed to determine the clinic-pathologic significance of this lesion. 03 Aug, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-1-102.php Objectives: Our study is finalized to assess the role of Sonography and MDCT in the diagnostic work-up of patients with complicated Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). Methods: Thirty-five patients with ADPKD underwent Sonography, un-enhanced and contrast-enhancement MDCT for flank pain, haematuria and fever. 23 May, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Renal-Diseases-Management/ARDM-1-101.php The diabetic dietary therapy is the primary strategy to control and prevent the progression of diabetes and its complications. Energy counting based on diabetic food exchange lists, in which 1 exchange unit is equivalent to 80 kcal, has been used as the single absolute tool in dietary education in Japan for patients with diabetes for 1993 to 2013 by Japan Diabetes Society.