https://www.biolscigroup.us/journals/annals-of-systems-biology A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 03 Mar, 2026 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-9-128.php Stem cell–based therapies represent a central component of regenerative medicine owing to their capacities for self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and disease modelling. However, their clinical translation remains hindered by biological heterogeneity, inconsistent differentiation outcomes, safety concerns, and limitations in scalability. Simultaneously, high-throughput experimental platforms have produced large, complex datasets that challenge conventional analytical methodologies. This review synthesises current literature addressing the application of artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning and deep learning approaches, in stem cell research and therapy. Emphasis is placed on computational strategies for stem cell identification, characterisation, differentiation analysis, and cell fate prediction, drawing from studies integrating imaging and multi-omics data. Accumulating evidence indicates that AI-driven frameworks substantially enhance the accuracy, reproducibility, and efficiency of stem cell analyses. These approaches enable automated interpretation of high-dimensional datasets, facilitate prediction of lineage commitment, and improve quality assessment of cellular populations. AI methodologies further contribute to experimental optimisation and the development of predictive models supporting regenerative applications. Artificial intelligence is reshaping stem cell research by addressing longstanding analytical and biological challenges. Although technical, regulatory, and ethical limitations persist, continued advancements in AI integration are expected to accelerate the development of robust, scalable, and personalised regenerative therapies. 16 Aug, 2025 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-8-127.php Many infections are treated using antibiotics. The dynamics of treatment involving antibiotics are extremely nonlinear. Bifurcation analysis is a powerful mathematical tool used to deal with the nonlinear dynamics of any process. Several factors must be considered, and multiple objectives must be met simultaneously. Bifurcation analysis and multi-objective nonlinear model predictive control (MNLMPC) calculations are performed on two dynamic models involving antibiotics. The MATLAB program MATCONT was used to perform the bifurcation analysis. The MNLMPC calculations were performed using the optimization language PYOMO in conjunction with the state-of-the-art global optimization solvers IPOPT and BARON. The bifurcation analysis revealed the existence of branch points in both models. The branch points (which cause multiple steady-state solutions from a singular point) are very beneficial because they enable the Multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control calculations to converge to the Utopia point (the best possible solution) in the models. It is proven (with computational validation) that the branch points were caused because of the existence of two distinct separable functions in one of the equations in each dynamic model. A theorem was developed to demonstrate this fact for any dynamic model. 05 Aug, 2025 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-8-126.php Probiotic therapy involves using live microorganisms, primarily bacteria and yeasts, to improve or restore the balance of beneficial bacteria in the body, particularly in the gut. These microorganisms, when administered in adequate amounts, can offer health benefits to the host. Probiotic therapy is used for various conditions, including diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and even to support immune function. The dynamics of probiotic therapy are extremely nonlinear. Bifurcation analysis is a powerful mathematical tool used to deal with the nonlinear dynamics of any process. Several factors must be considered, and multiple objectives must be met simultaneously. Bifurcation analysis and multi-objective nonlinear model predictive control (MNLMPC) calculations are performed on two dynamic models of probiotic therapy. The MATLAB program MATCONT was used to perform the bifurcation analysis. The MNLMPC calculations were performed using the optimization language PYOMO in conjunction with the state-of-the-art global optimization solvers IPOPT and BARON. The bifurcation analysis revealed the existence of branch points in both models. The branch points (which cause multiple steady-state solutions from a singular point) are very beneficial because they enable the Multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control calculations to converge to the Utopia point (the best possible solution) in the models. It is proven (with computational validation) that the branch points were caused because of the existence of two distinct separable functions in one of the equations in each dynamic model. A theorem was developed to demonstrate this fact for any dynamic model. 20 May, 2025 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-8-125.php This article was written in response to prevalent misinformation when the media is constantly bombarding the nutritionally uninformed public, often presented with potentially misleading information driven by commercial interests. 22 Nov, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-7-124.php Vaccination related to the COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be a global experiment. In the absence of clinical studies for assessing safety, dosage, immune response of subjects of different age groups, etc., vaccination as a means of reducing the number of victims practically replaced the final phase of the customary cycle of trials for FDA approval. Given this reality, methods for post-hoc evaluation need to be designed. This would serve as guidance for future preventive measures. 15 Nov, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-7-123.php An assay is described that permits the study of the kinetics of DNA cross-link precursor formation, the kinetics of cross-formation, and the kinetics of the repair of these DNA cross-link precursor lesions, at physiological pH values. Due to the relatively rapid nature of these processes existing assays are not suited to the study of these processes. Data obtained using this assay can be used to optimize the design of certain classes of anticancer drugs. 27 Aug, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-7-122.php Phosphate fertilizer affects the rice yield and has a critical role in arable land management. Biochar regulates soil nutrient and soil microbe taxa composition. Our study aimed to elucidate the effects of co-application for biochar-phosphate on soil nutrient indicators, soil microorganisms, and crop production. Our experiment was set up as follows: 0 t/hm2, 28 t/hm2, and 55 t/hm2 biochar application rates with 20 kg/hm2, 40 kg/hm2, and 60 kg/hm2 phosphate fertilizer. The rice yield and soil nutrient indexes were observed and the differences between groups were analyzed based on multiple comparisons. 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing was used to analyze the soil bacteria structure. Redundancy analysis was performed to obtain the correlation relationships between microbial community marker species, soil nutrient indexes, and rice yield. The results showed that a higher application rate of biochar led to a significant alteration in the soil water content, bulk density, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, and available phosphate content. In addition, high concentrations of biochar-phosphate fertilizer application elevated the soil bacterial diversity. Biochar had various effects on the relative abundance of soil bacteria taxa. Our study provided a theoretical basis for exploring efficient fertilization strategies in the rice cultivation industry and shed light on the extensive biochar application in agriculture production. 19 Jan, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-7-121.php In the first part of this work, the general Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (CBE) concepts and rules are briefly reviewed, together with the rules of the control theory of Nonlinear Systems (NSCT), all in the context of (i) deriving deterministic Modular Structured Kinetic Models (MSDKM) to describe the dynamics of metabolic processes in living cells, and (ii) of Hybrid Structured Modular Dynamic Models (HSMDM) (with continuous variables, linking the cell-nano-scale MSDKM state variables to the macro-scale state variables of the bioreactor dynamic model). Thus, in the HSMDM model, both prediction quality and its validity range are improved. By contrast, the current (classical/default) approach in bioengineering practice for solving design, optimization, and control problems based on the math models of industrial biological reactors is to use unstructured Monod (for cell culture reactor) or simple Michaelis-Menten (if only enzymatic reactions are retained) global kinetic models by ignoring detailed representations of metabolic cellular processes. By contrast, as reviewed, and exemplified in the second part of this work, an accurate and realistic math modelling of the dynamic individual GERMs (gene expression regulatory module), or genetic regulatory circuits (GRC), and cell-scale CCM (central carbon metabolism) key-modules can be done by only using the novel holistic ’Whole-Cell Of Variable-Volume’ (WCVV) modelling framework, under isotonic/homeostatic conditions/constraints introduced and promoted by the author. An example was given in the same Part 2 for the case study of a dynamic model for the oscillating glycolysis coupled with the Tryptophan (TRP) oscillating synthesis in the E. coli cells. As exemplified in the present paper, the use of an HSMDM (WCVV) model can successfully simulate the dynamic of cell individual GERMs, and of GRC-s (i.e. operon expression here), simultaneously with the dynamics of the bioreactor. Among multiple advantages - state-variables prediction, of a higher accuracy, and detailing degree, over a wider time-range for the bioreactor dynamic parameters (at both macro- and nano-scale level); As exemplified here, the immediate applications of such an HSMDM model are related to solving difficult bioengineering problems, such as (i) in-silico off-line optimization of the operating policy of the bioreactor, and (ii) in-silico design/checking some GMOs of industrial use and able to improve the performances of the target bioprocess. 29 Apr, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-6-120.php The Trypanosoma brucei group trypanosomes (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense) cause an invariably fatal disease in humans, and Trypanosoma brucei brucei a fatal disease in cattle, if left untreated [1]. 24 Dec, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-5-119.php In order to obtain a better resolution of honey and bee pollen quality, it is essential to study them in nature, avoiding any chemical treatment. Besides pollen grains, trichomes, vegetable druses, mites, charcoal, fragments of plant tissues, amorphous brownish organic material, starch, finely granulate, dispersed gray vegetal material and oils are frequently detected. These elements interfere with the nutritional value of the products. 13 Aug, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-5-118.php Very recently we had published a paper entitled ‘The Potential Development Sulfonylhydrazines for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease’ [1]. Our paper was a development from an observation by others from 1997, where a remarkable remission in Dementia was observed in cancer patients following treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent BCNU (Carmustine, 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea) [2]. 26 Jul, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-5-117.php E. purpurea has amazing medicinal properties that effectively deal with human diseases. Today, we find frightening figures in the WHO news about the increase in coronavirus infection and the number of deaths. This article presents a simple way of self-defense by increasing the body’s immune reactivity. In order to alleviate the condition and prevent not only COVID but also a variety of viral, as well as bacterial, and fungal infections, doctors can use the ornamental plant Echinacea (E.), which was once used by the indigenous people of America, the Indians, for almost all occasions. This article presents a small list of important biologically active components of E. and the range of their use, as well as a simple recipe for making a healing solution. 13 Jan, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-5-116.php The role of redox deviations under salinity on metabolic dysfunction associated with progression of seed germination is well documented. However, the correlative evaluation of the salinity induced changes in the redox system and hormonal profile in regulating germination are least studied and hence is the subject of present investigation. Imposition of post imbibitional salinity stress (PISS) to two contrasting rice genotypes differing in sensitivity towards salinity (Oryza sativa L., Cultivars Patnai and IR29) caused differential and significant redox-metabolic shift and germination performances. Biomarkers of oxidative stress like, accumulation of total ROS, in situ localization of hydrogen peroxide, radical scavenging property, and lipid peroxidation are assessed for the determination of salinity induced differential changes in redox status of both the experimental cultivars. Salt resistant cultivar Patnai exhibiting better redox regulatory property under PISS in terms of controlled generation of ROS (DCFDA oxidation, H2O2 content) with greater elicitation of total antioxidant capacity (DPPH radical scavenging property), contends lipid peroxidation (accumulation of TBARS) as compared to the salt-sensitive cultivar IR 29. RP-HPLC based estimation of PISS-induced alteration in hormonal pools showed strong correlation between altered redox status (assessed in terms of redox biomarkers) and hormonal profile (endogenous titer of gibberellic acid (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA)) and germination and other physiological phenotypes (t50 value, allocation index, relative water content, and Na+ / K+ ratio) of the experimental rice germplasms, suggesting the influence of differential shift in redox status on germination hormones and early growth performances. Taken as a whole, the work proposes close connection between salinity induced changes in oxidative windows and hormonal profile of germinating seeds, necessary for better management of salinity stress in agriculture. 08 Aug, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-4-115.php According to international and domestic standards, the concentration of free chlorine remaining in each node must be between certain values. In this way, the health of the water is guaranteed. Water sources are chlorinated after treatment and enter the water distribution network. Injected chlorine is reduced in this path by reacting with materials in the water (mass deterioration) and the distribution network pipe wall (wall decay). Meanwhile, wall deterioration is a function of the age and material of the pipe. This study evaluated the pipe material parameter among the group of PVC and cast iron pipes. Also, to investigate the effect of age, the amount of residual free chlorine distribution in cast iron pipes with ages of zero, 10, 20, and 30 years was qualitatively hydraulically simulated. A comparison study showed that the maximum difference in free chlorine concentration in different genera is 17.82% and at different ages is 34.71%. 14 Jul, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-4-114.php The use of a reliable technique in measuring the residual chlorine concentration is of particular importance. Because based on the results of these measurements, the water quality of the network is calculated and evaluated in terms of ensuring the health of the community. The concentration of residual chlorine in the effluent of the treatment plant decreases as water flows through the distribution network. Chlorine decay is divided into two categories: wall and mass decay. Various detectors such as DPD and Ortho-toluidine can be used to measure residual chlorine. This study is the first step in the spectroscopy of chlorine and Ortho-toluidine color complex. The results of this stage of the research indicate that to measure the residual chlorine concentrations, the absorbed values should be read at a peak of 450 nm. In the next step, after measuring the free chlorine concentrations remaining at different times, the degree of chemical reaction was determined using multivariate nonlinear regression methods. In the final step, the reaction coefficient was calculated by simulating the differential equation in the Simulink environment and optimizing the error of the initial values of the reaction constant to the real values using the genetic algorithm (GA). The results of the analysis showed; The mass decay of chlorine in the sample follows the quadratic and the reaction constant is equal to 0.005 . 09 Jun, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-4-113.php In large cities, several hundred cubic meters of municipal wastewater is produced every day, which because of high levels of pollution, needs to be treated either for disposal or secondary use. Some of the most important indicators and pollutants that should be reduced to the standard range are VOC, TSS, TDS, BOD5, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, and pathogens. Wastewater treatment plants, which have different capacities and procedures depending on the type and characteristics of the influent and effluent, have large budgets of several hundred million for their life cycle. These costs include construction, maintenance, operation, chemical and biological materials, energy, and amortization. The costs associated with these environmentally essential infrastructures vary according to their treatment processes. This issue leads environmental engineers and policymakers to economic evaluation of various methods. This study with the help of CapdetWorks2.5 software has discussed three different methods of Complete Mixed Activated Sludge (CMAS), Aerated lagoon, and Oxidation Ditch in wastewater treatment plants in terms of operating costs. Evaluation and implementation of the decision-making system were conducted using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of the analysis showed that aeration ponds are the most optimal option in terms of operating costs with a value of 47.3%. The other two studied methods, namely CMAS and Oxidation Ditch, have a value of 24.9% and 27.9%, respectively. 06 Apr, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-4-112.php In today’s society, the development of electric power industry is one of the important conditions for the economic construction of a country. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and value to carry out the research on the damage assessment of turbine rotor. The damage of the turbine rotor is directly related to the process quality, material performance, operation conditions of the equipment itself, and also closely related to the performance of the controller. According to the existing data and starting conditions, a dynamic partial least square prediction model is established and analyzed in this paper, so as to effectively evaluate the stress and damage of the turbine rotor. Before the establishment of dynamic partial least squares model, people study the change law of stress value and damage value mainly through complex mathematical formulas and inconvenient finite element analysis software. After the establishment of dynamic partial least squares model, the staff only need to input the input data (speed, temperature, back pressure) to the model to get the stress. The function is also realized in this paper. 28 Jan, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-4-111.php Redox regulation on plant morphogenetic process of Adventitious Rooting (AR) can be vouched from the experimental data of redox manipulated salicylic acid treated hypocotyl explants of mung bean. In our previous work, application of pro-oxidant H2O2 (500 µM) followed by salicylic acid (SA, 600 µM) have been shown to significantly augment Adventitious Root Formation (ARF), whereas 10 ×10-4 M DPI (Diphenyleneiodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase) - 600 µM SA and 10×10-4 M (Dimethylthiourea, a free radical scavenger) - 600 µM SA combination reduced the formation of ARF in hypocotyl explants of mung bean. In the present study, we have examined the impact of such treating conditions or redox manipulation on changes in endogenous titer of bonafide hormone system (gibberelic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid) to document ROS- hormone interaction during adventitious rooting. The work suggests signinificant impact of redox manipulation on changes in endogenous titer of these hormonal system associated with AR. 500 µM H2O2 - 600 µM SA treatment combination, which has augmented formation of AR, has also shown higher accumulation of these hormones as compared to the untreated control. Further, DPI with or without combination of SA which inhibited the ARF, has also reduced the endogenous concentration of these Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs), suggesting role of these growth regulators in low concentration on adventitious root formation. Role of the SA signalling with prooxidant H2O2 as second messenger during AR is suggested. 22 Jan, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-4-110.php In vitro cultivation of Leishmania parasites plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis and in vaccine and drug development studies. There is no information about the effects of urine within culture on the infectivity of Leishmania parasites. In this study we used two culture media with different overlays to enhance the in vitro growth rates of Leishmania donovani. In this study we used two culture media with different overlays to enhance the in vitro growth rates of Leishmania donovani. Addition of female human urine to these media enhanced the growth of the promastigotes by at least 40 times when compared to the classical Novy-MacNeal-Nicole medium (NNN). Analysis of the effect of urine have showed that proliferation indexes were significantly increased in culture medium supplemented with human urine to 12.84×106 parasite / ml in day 12. On the other hand, when 5% fresh human urine was overlaid, the promastigotes’ count was increased to 32.8×106 parasite / ml on day 4 and further increase to 58.5 x 106 parasite / ml on day 8 was significantly (p=0.002) noted) to 137.8×106 parasite / ml on day 12. In conclusion, human urine in parasite cultures differentially affected the infectivity and proliferation of L.donovani species promastigotes. Further identification of components found in urine that play a role in infectivity of parasites may be important for understanding transmission mechanisms of parasites into infective stages. 11 Sep, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-3-109.php The aim of this mini review is to analysis the advances in the research of the SARS-CoV-2 molecular structure and pathogenesis from a systems biology approach. Introduction: Experimental analysis of the interaction of viral and host proteins, or interactome, by Gordon and collaborators has been a fundamental contribution to understand the form in which SARS-CoV-2 virus takes control of the host molecular network to produce new virions and propagate the infection. This result allows the construction of the viral network representation of the interactome and its statistical analysis. Formulation of network models of this interactome is a basic tool to identify drug targets capable of interrupt the viral replication cycle, and for the design of novel therapeutic agents. Discussion: SARS-CoV-2 is a free-scale hierarchical modular structure in which the open reading frame 8 protein, nucleocapside protein (N), and nonstructural protein 7 (Nsp7) are the central hubs. This kind of organization confers an extra level of complexity to this molecular network allowing it to resist the attack of drugs on single nodes. However, simultaneous suppression of these three hubs can effectively disrupt the network. Conclusions: Systems biology approach to the analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 interactome reveals the existence of six nodes that belong to high modularity classes (open reading frame 8 protein (orf8), Membrane protein (M), open reading frame 9b protein (orf9b), Nucleocapside protein (N), open reading frame 10 protein (orf10), Envelope protein (E), open reading frame 6 protein (orf6), open reading frame 7 protein (orf7) and Spike protein (S)) and control the flow of information during infection. These proteins are possible targets for new drugs, principally for antagonist of the three proteins orf8, M and Nsp7 that are the main bottlenecks throw which most of the information required for the production of new virus must flow. A therapeutic attack on these hubs can increase the probability to defeat viral infection as an alternative to a vaccine. 25 Apr, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-3-108.php Aim: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). This study was carried out to determine blood and aqueous humor tumstatin level in patients (DM + cataract, in patients (DR+cataract), and patients only having cataract. Methods: Blood and aqueous humor were collected from patients. Tumstatin measurement is performed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in Biological Samples (ELISA). Results: Blood and aqueous humor tumstatin were significantly raised in patients (diabetes mellitus + cataract) and in patients (diabetic retinopathy+cataract) as compared to patients only having cataract (their p values were less than 0.05). Aqueous humor tumstatin were higher than blood tumstatin having p values, 0.001. Conclusion: Taken together, these results demonstrate that diabetic retinopathy is associated with high levels of tumstatin and this peptide might be a novel potential therapeutic agent in diabetic retinopathy in the future. 18 Apr, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-3-107.php For the maintenance of machines and other mechanical devices, the more you can measure, the better. For the maintenance of life, meaningful data is essential. This understanding is not yet integrated in the views and practices of medicine. Digitizing the way to better sleep health [1], is a worrisome example. 06 Apr, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-3-106.php In recent years, it was found that the COD and antibiotics in the antibiotic industry wastewaters can not be effectively removed with conventional biological treatment processes [1]. The experiences performed with advanced treatment processes (Hydrogen peroxide and fentone) showed low antibiotic yields and high cost [2-5] showed that tetracyline antibiotic concentrations between 0-50 mg/l decrease the methane gas productions. 28 Mar, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-3-105.php Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) is a unique pattern recognition receptor due to its ability to induce either pro- or anti-inflammatory cascades. However, much remains to be elucidated regarding this receptor, such as its localization in different cell and tissue types, the potential epitopes that induce signaling, and how activation of the receptor may result in diverging pathways. Despite these unknowns, the integral role of TLR9 in maintaining gut homeostasis remains clear. In addition to maintaining homeostasis, TLR9 may also have significant potential in treating gut-associated inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s and inflammatory bowel disease via its anti-inflammatory effects. This review will outline some of the key remaining questions regarding the role TLR9 in the gut and highlight its potential utility as a therapeutic target for gastrointestinal disease. 16 Mar, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-3-104.php One of the important initial events upon recognition of a plant pathogen is the changes in the redox status of the infected cells due to the accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Though plants have evolved an array of defensive strategies to resist stresses, including those from attack by pathogens, but the changed redox cue of the infected cells are often exploited by the plant for specific purpose as well. It is becoming evident gradually that ROS or the redox cue, which are generated during pathogen attack are recognized by plant as a signaling agent for triggering responses. The necrosis of infected tissue caused by ROS during pathogen infection increases host susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogen, but exhibit resistance to biotrophic pathogen. 16 Sep, 2019 https://www.peertechzpublications.org/articles/ASB-2-103.pdf This epidemiological survey was based on simple immunological techniques (leishmanin skin reactivity and the direct agglutination tests), combined with clinical history to obtain data about the spectrum of L. donovani infection in communities at risk of developing visceral Leishmaniasis. The data was depicted in map format to give an enhanced visual impact. 16 Sep, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-2-103.php This epidemiological survey was based on simple immunological techniques (leishmanin skin reactivity and the direct agglutination tests), combined with clinical history to obtain data about the spectrum of L. 07 Mar, 2019 Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is one of the most aggressive hematologic malignancy, which associated with poor prognosis. T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (TPLL), Sezary syndrome, and acute T cell lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) are included to T-cell neoplasm. It is important to understand the alteration among expression of the genes toward malignant T cells. For acquiring more insights in oncogenesis molecular events, the systems hematology analysis was done. At first, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were taken pairwise among the four sample sets of T-PLL .vs normal T-cell, Sezary syndrome .vs normal T-cell, and ATLL .vs normal T-cell. Then, the protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs) were reconstructed via using the hub genes. Finally, the pathways of cells proliferation and transformation were identified TPLL and Sezary syndrome and ATLL. 06 Aug, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/ASB-1-101.php Though the inevitable outcome of Systems Biology (SB) may be directed to seek answers to the medical problems; however, due to its expanding horizon and flexibility, different academic institutions across the globe focus on different aspects of SB in their educational curriculum. Hence, some European educationists propose for streamlining of different course curriculum. Here such issues are discussed with respect to their translation towards medicine and health care system