https://www.agriscigroup.us/journals/global-journal-of-ecology A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 31 Mar, 2026 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-11-216.php This opinion article looks at the rising number of forest fires in the Himalayan region. We need to consider if these fires result only from climate change or if other factors are involved. It's clear that climate change, especially global warming, has made conditions worse for forest fires by raising temperatures and extending dry periods. However, in the Himalayan region, these fires are mostly surface fires, which have low to moderate intensity. Additionally, the current policies focused on fire suppression have negatively impacted the socio-ecological systems in the Himalayas, as they were originally created with a Western perspective. It's essential to understand that we can only analyze forest fires in the Himalayas within a socio-ecological framework that includes climate, community, and adaptive management. 20 Jan, 2026 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-11-215.php The activity of the Istanbul internet population before a nearby earthquake with a magnitude of 6.3 on 23 April 2025 was evaluated using search-engine queries for the term “su” (Turkish “water”). This term has previously demonstrated informative behavior in diagnosing seismic hazard in different regions. The morphology of amplitude diagrams for the dynamics of the term’s popularity was analyzed. The informational precursor was expressed through dominant periods of 3, 4, 6, and multiple periods of 12 days. These features indicate the presence of a sensory-information response in the behavior of internet users during seismic hazards. 13 Dec, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-10-214.php As the economy and society develop and the population increases, there is an increasing demand for plant goods such as timber, food, medicine and so on. Because plant goods and services produced by original vegetation cannot meet the increasing need of people, most of the original vegetation has gradually become non-native vegetation, such as orchard, farmland, plantation and grass. Many exotic plant species were introduced to produce high-quality production and service. As plant grow, soil and vegetation degradation and crop failure will happen, which have to be resolved. According to my ten years of research, the results showed that Resources use limit by plants includes space resources use limit by plants, space vegetation carrying capacity and critical period of plant space relation regulation in soil water and nutrient rich regions, soil water resources use limit by plants, soil water vegetation carrying capacity and critical period of plant water relation regulation in water-limited regions and soil nutrient resources use limit by plants, soil nutrient vegetation carrying capacity and critical period of plant nutrient relation regulation in nutrient-limited regions. When the available amount of nature resources reduced to resources use limit by plants, the plant resources relation enters the critical period of plant resources relation regulation. The ending time of the critical period of plant resources relation regulation is the ineffective time of plant resources relation regulation, such as fruit mature or stopping service. The methods of sustainable use of nature resources and agriculture high-quality development is to select best plant species and varieties, take suitable initial plant density and take effect measure to ensure plant grow well and get maximal yield and beneficial effect. If the existing plant density is more than vegetation carrying capacity in the critical period of plant resources relation regulation, the plant resources relation must be regulated on the vegetation carrying capacity to ensure plant grow well and get maximal yield and beneficial effect and realize sustainable use of nature resources and agriculture high quality development. 28 Nov, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-10-213.php Habitat degradation and fragmentation, driven by deforestation and agricultural expansion, have resulted in the loss of suitable habitats for pangolins. Additionally, illegal hunting and trade, fueled by the demand for pangolin scales and meat, have further exacerbated population declines. The research focused on assessing the impacts of human interference on pangolins and their habitats, highlighting the need for effective conservation measures to mitigate these threats. However, the study utilized a combination of data collection methods, such as field surveys and interviews, to investigate the extent and consequences of human interference in the pangolin environment in Deng Deng-Deng National Park. The presence of human activity in the pangolin ecosystem showed a significance on forest vegetation type X2 = 18.806, df = 9, p &lt; 0.05, forest vegetation canopy X2 = 10.528, df = 6, p &lt; 0.05, and forest undergrowth vegetation X2 = 6.877, df = 6, p &lt; 0.05, respectively. Empty bullet shells 52% and snares 29% recorded the highest significance of human activity, while hunters’ hut 16% and hunting human trails, 3% recorded the least, respectively. Pangolins are highly valued for their scales and meat in certain cultures, leading to illegal wildlife trade. Forest vegetation visibility recorded a significance on human signs, X2 = 3.162, df = 6, p &lt; 0.05. The forest vegetation landscape and human signs in the pangolin environment showed a significant association as well, X2 = 8.972, df = 6, p &lt; 0.05. More so, human interference, such as poaching, trails, and infrastructure development in pangolin environments, fragments forest landscapes and disrupts pangolin movement. Additionally, forest canopy and landscape recorded a significant X2 = 5.434 df = 4 p &lt; 0.05. The heterogeneity of the forest landscape, which refers to the variety and spatial arrangement of different habitat types, influences the diversity and structure of the forest vegetation canopy. Furthermore, the atmospheric conditions revealed a positive association with human signs in the pangolin ecosystem, r = 0.108, p &lt; 0.05. Also, feeding 67%, earth-surface scratches 16%, and droppings 15% recorded the highest pangolin signs, while pangolin footprints 1% and trails 1% recorded the least, respectively. Illegal hunting and trade were identified as significant factors contributing to the decline of pangolin populations. The unsustainable harvest of pangolins has led to population declines and imbalances within the park's ecosystem. The study highlights the detrimental impact of human interference on pangolin populations and their habitats within Deng Deng-Deng National Park. Also, findings emphasize the urgent need for effective conservation measures to mitigate habitat degradation, address illegal hunting and trade, and engage local communities in pangolin conservation efforts. By implementing these measures, there is a greater chance of preserving the pangolin environment and ensuring the long-term survival of these unique and endangered creatures within the park. 30 Sep, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-10-212.php Background: Freshwater ecosystems, particularly in tropical regions, are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities that compromise water quality. Aquatic insects are widely used as tools for monitoring water quality in freshwater ecosystems. The ecological status of the Owena River, a tropical freshwater system in southwestern Nigeria, was assessed using aquatic insect communities, biotic indices, and physicochemical parameters. Methods: Sampling was conducted across six stations along the river. Physicochemical parameters (including pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, water depth, and flow rate) were measured in situ. Aquatic insects were collected using standardized sweep nets and identified to the family level. The Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP), Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT), Family Biotic Index (FBI), and Pollution Tolerance Index (PTI) were used to evaluate ecological health. Results: A total of 2,920 aquatic insects belonging to six orders and 17 families were recorded. Odonata (32%) and Hemiptera (29%) dominated the assemblage. BMWP and ASPT values indicated moderate water quality, with slightly better conditions at the downstream stations. FBI values suggested fair water quality with some degree of organic pollution. The PTI results indicated that most insect families collected were moderately sensitive to pollution (73%). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that aquatic insects and associated biotic indices are reliable, cost-effective tools for monitoring the ecological health of tropical freshwater ecosystems. These findings support their continued use in environmental assessment and water resource management strategies in developing regions. 27 Aug, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-10-211.php This study aims to study the soils adjoining the WUPA sewage treatment Plant in Abuja so as to assess the influence of treated wastewater on the physical, chemical properties, microbial community, and the accumulation of some heavy metals in the soils. Soil samples were collected from five locations in the entire area (four locations along the main canal conveying the treated wastewater into the Wupa River and a location 50 m away from the canal to serve as a control site). Samples were collected and analysed for particle size distribution and some selected chemical properties, as well as some heavy metals, following standard laboratory procedures. The soils were generally sandy loam in texture with a high proportion of sand and a low clay fraction. The sand content ranged from 642 to 772 g/kg, while the clay ranged from 47 to 61 g/kg. Soil pH ranged from 5.58 to 6.29, placing the soil into the range of moderately acidic to slightly acidic. Electrical conductivity ranged from 9.63 to 43.00 µScm-1. Exchangeable cations were generally low; however, exchangeable acidity was influenced by the soil’s contact with treated wastewater since the lowest value of 9.63cmolkg-1 was recorded from the control site. The distribution of trace and heavy metals showed that there was an increase in the concentration of the trace and heavy metals in the soils, as the lowest values were only observed in the control site. However, the range of values observed for the trace and heavy metals was within permissible environmental safe limits except for Ni, which was higher than the permissible safe limit for plants. Fe ranged from 23.22 to 415.40 mg/kg, Mn ranged from 19.36 to 157.97 mg/kg, Cu ranged from 0.59 to 2.92 mg/kg, while Zn ranged from 2.21 to 8.87 mg/kg. For the heavy metals, Cr ranged from 12.69 to 29.77 mg/kg, while Ni ranged from 16.94 to 25.53 mg/kg. Cadmium in all the samples was below detectable limits. The infiltration rate of the soils ranged from 7.6 to 21.4 cmhr-1, rated as slow (at the control site) and rapid and very rapid (at the sites which had contact with treated wastewater). Soil microbial population showed that live bacterial counts were lower in the soils that had contact with treated wastewater, while in the control site, live bacterial count (32 %) was higher in the soils of the control site. It was concluded that there is a need for the adoption of improved sewage treatment processes that will eliminate toxic metals such as Ni, Cr, Zn, and Mn, among others. There is a need for further study on the quality of treated wastewater discharged into the Wupa River, where it eventually ends up as part of irrigation water in the area. Fishes from the Wupa River and vegetables grown in the area should be studied for possible bioaccumulation of heavy metals. 12 Jun, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-10-210.php The active implementation of circular construction principles is evident in legislation and discussions among industry specialists. However, the public lacks sufficient knowledge, leading to inadequate specific requirements for new buildings. Integrating circular construction principles into everyday life offers a pathway to a more environmentally sustainable and health-conscious lifestyle, fostering changes in habits, promoting care for humanity's future, and facilitating the creation of a cleaner environment while supporting the adaptation of buildings to sustainable construction principles. This research aims to identify the barriers to implementing circular construction principles in Daugavpils. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in this scientific study to provide a comprehensive view of the implementation of circular construction principles in Daugavpils. The survey engaged supervisors from the construction industry, as well as civil engineers and architects. The main obstacles to implementing circular construction principles in Daugavpils have been identified. Graphs illustrating the survey results have been created to showcase the primary challenges from the perspective of industry professionals and city residents. According to the survey, the primary issues with the short-term application of sustainable construction principles are related to a lack of information, knowledge, and financial support. 20 May, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-10-209.php This study was carried out in 2002 and 2003 off the Karatas, located along the northeastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The deep trawl net was operated with a one-hour haul duration at three stations. During the study period, based on species, a total of 90 fish, five cephalopods, and 16 crustaceans were caught. On average, 37.9% of the total catch was discarded. The discard proportion of the total catch and the mean discard for each station varied monthly, ranging from 23.4% to 44.5%, and in each station as 13.2%, 21.4%, and 3.3% for Station I, Station II, and Station III, respectively. The main component of the discard was fish (68.6%), followed by crustaceans (26.7%) and cephalopods (4.7%). Among them, the most important discard was a crustacean species, namely Charybdis longicollis (9.5% of the total catch and 25.1% of the discard biomass). Despite its insights, the study is limited by temporal and spatial scope, indicating a need for broader, year-round assessments and expanded ecological monitoring in future research. 11 Feb, 2025 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-10-208.php Any fuel of plant origin that has grown by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere via photosynthesis burns in a CO2-neutral way since virtually its entire carbon content is recycled into the atmosphere during combustion. This or very similar formulations are often used to explain the supposed CO2 neutrality of burning plant biomass. 21 Nov, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-207.php The rapid loss of natural habitats and resulting loss of biodiversity in insect taxa is a serious concern that will impact future food production. Insect biodiversity decline can be mainly attributed to the intensification of agriculture with the main drivers being habitat loss, fragmentation, and use of agro-chemicals. To mitigate the pressure of agriculture on biodiversity we urgently need to prioritize the restoration of land to natural habitats within agricultural landscapes. Changes in biodiversity in agricultural landscapes as agriculture intensifies were investigated in an Afromontane biome in South Africa, using dung beetle assemblages as indicators of habitat transformation. Five localities were chosen for dung beetle monitoring in the grassland biome of the Eastern Free State, South Africa. A total of 27 dung beetle species classified in 15 genera were collected in the study area during November 2023. Land use change from natural to agricultural causes a change in the community structure of dung beetles with some species and functional groups becoming more dominant, while others disappear as agricultural intensity increases. For efficient ecosystem functioning in agricultural habitats, an integrated approach for the specific area will be necessary. The protection of large natural areas, the restoration of degraded agricultural habitats, and the promotion of livestock and crops that are adapted to the specific environment will be essential. 17 Oct, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-206.php The Natural Perception Hypothesis posits that sensory perceptions of time, space, and stimuli are not universally uniform but are finely tuned by each species' specific evolutionary adaptations. This paper explores how natural selection acts on sensory systems, tailoring perceptions to optimize survival and reproductive success within specific ecological niches. By examining variability in time perception (e.g., critical flicker fusion frequency), auditory perception (e.g., frequency range sensitivity), and visual perception (e.g., color vision and light sensitivity) across diverse taxa, we demonstrate that perceptual adaptations result in unique perceptual worlds. Critically, these perceptual shifts do not merely alter specific sensory inputs but effectively change how the entire environment is experienced by the organism. For example, changes in temporal processing, such as variations in Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (CFFF), allow organisms to perceive motion differently, fundamentally transforming their interaction with all environmental stimuli. We illustrate how such comprehensive changes in perception have facilitated adaptive radiation and non-linear evolutionary dynamics, using examples like the diversification of cichlid fish through visual adaptations and the adaptive radiation of Anolis lizards influenced by visual signaling. The hypothesis provides a potential explanation for rapid diversification events, such as the Cambrian Explosion, by linking the evolution of new sensory systems to bursts of speciation. While acknowledging other contributing factors, the Natural Perception Hypothesis offers a unifying framework that connects sensory ecology, evolutionary biology, and ecology. Understanding that natural selection acts on perception—and that changes in perceptual traits can redefine an organism's entire environmental experience—enhances our comprehension of biodiversity patterns and has practical implications for conservation strategies and ecosystem management. Recognizing species-specific sensory needs can inform efforts to preserve or restore the perceptual environments essential for species survival. Future research directions include empirical studies on perceptual adaptations, mathematical modeling of evolutionary dynamics incorporating sensory variables, and interdisciplinary approaches integrating genetics, neurobiology, ecology, and behavior to further assess the hypothesis's significance in shaping evolutionary processes. 10 Sep, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-205.php This research delves into the future housing theories of the 21st century, focusing on recent transformations in both urban planning and housing projects and models. Despite the world's anticipation of a vast sustainable transformation since the late 20th century, the first quarter of the 21st century was confronted with an unexpected event: humanity found itself amidst a pandemic that significantly transformed the world. The post-COVID-19 era has guided significant and enduring changes in various aspects from urban planning to living styles, working patterns, housing models, and typologies. This research presents renewed perspectives, based on theoretical dialogues, and discourses that aim to understand the transformation period with recent events specifically housing. The research also includes the perspective of housing in the past aims to contribute to comprehension of this new era and aid in shaping future urban and housing planning strategies. The theoretical basis is to investigate new methods and techniques in urban, and housing planning that have addressed climate-related issues since the 1980s and the subsequent pandemic period. According to the findings obtained in the research, COVID-19 and sustainability initially considered different phenomena, pandemic is essentially triggered and contributed to sustainable city planning, and housing design. While the public perception often distinguishes between COVID-19 and drivability as distinct design concepts, the research reveals a nuanced reality. Despite apparent differences, it is discerning that similar ideas and design principles aim for a healthier housing concept in airier, and greener areas both in terms of housing planning, and models. This intricates a close conceptual relationship between pandemic-induced design adaptations and sustainable concepts underscores the complexity of contemporary urban and housing planning paradigms. 31 Aug, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-204.php The analysis of radiocesium (137Cs) accumulation by plants of forest, marsh, meadow, psamophytic, and ruderal communities in the Dnipro River floodplain (Ukraine) was carried out. The species specificity of radiocesium accumulation by plants of specific biotopes and the direct dependence of the plant accumulation coefficient on the density of biotope contamination with radionuclides were confirmed. Differences in different radiocesium accumulation by plants of different ecosystems are probably related to the fact that the bioavailability of radiocesium strongly depends on soil properties. In the analyzed statistical model, the processes of accumulation and dissipation of 137Cs are significant. 29 Jul, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-203.php Analysis of the instrumental activity of permaculture reconsiders the link between man and his environment, and puts forward the idea of working in partnership with living things, notably through the notion of substitution. From this more systemic, holistic, and dynamic perspective on work, an approach is proposed that combines the contributions of the instrumental approach with those of professional didactics. This approach, known as MSAIST (Methodology for Situational Analysis with Instrument Systems for Training), is a research intervention based on the co-analysis of the instrumented activity of actors, with a view to individual and collective development. 27 Jul, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-202.php Forage production is fundamental for livestock production. This activity was conducted to increase the production of improved Desho grasses, to increase wider demand for desho grass technologies, and to strengthen stakeholders’ linkage on desho grass production. In the 2022/23 and 2023/24 seasons, 64 farmers were selected from eight kebeles in Bore, Arda Jila Mea Boko, and Ana Sora districts, based on their livestock and desho grass production. Kindo Kosha DZF No# 591 and Areka DZF No# 590 improved desho grasses were pre-scaled with the recommended 50cm between rows and 10cm tillers, and 100 kg/ha NPS fertilizer was applied during planting, followed by 50 kg/ha UREA after establishment of the tillers. Desho grasses were promoted in areas ranging from 100 m2 to 400 m2. Training and a mini-field day were used to promote Desho grasses. Plot cover, plant height, regeneration, fresh biomass, and survival rate were collected through interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that the Kindo Kosha DZF No# 591 variety (3.98) covered the land more than Areka DZF No# 590 (3.51). The higher plant height was recorded from Kindo Kosha DZF No# 591 (95.83 cm), followed by Areka DZF No# 590 (82.95 cm). Regenerations following harvest can provide more feed from fixed land. Farmers reported that Kindo Kosha DZF No# 591 and Areka DZF No# 590 varieties have 90.91% and 84.61% regeneration capacity, respectively. The Kindo Kosha DZF No# 591 variety has a higher survival rate (91.13%) than the Areka DZF No# 590 variety (87.22%). The grasses performed well in terms of fresh biomass yield, plot coverage, plant height, regeneration capability, and survival rate on farmers' fields and their production can help to alleviate feed shortages in the highlands of the Guji zone. As a result, Kindo Kosha DZF No# 591 and Areka DZF No# 590 desho grasses should be disseminated to highland areas of the Guji zone. 22 Jun, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-201.php The possibility of a reversal in the displacement of the Earth's South Magnetic Pole (SMP), the speed of which has decreased threefold over the past 60 years, is being discussed, which does not contradict the theory of “geomagnetic jerks.” The results of the experiment on measurements of magnetic declination on 6-9.04.2020 in the Southern Ocean are presented. Remote measurements are caused by the fact that during the day the SMP moves along a quasi-closed perimeter with semi-axis sizes up to 50 km. The discrepancies between the magnetic declination measurements and the model isogons of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF13) model allow us to estimate the daily average position of the SMP. An example with the estimation of magnetic deviation of ship magnetic declination observations affecting the SMP position determinations is analyzed. 21 Jun, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-200.php This study investigated the impacts of dredging on aquatic and terrestrial lives in the Oto-Awori Local Council Development Area (OALCDA) of Lagos State, Nigeria. Descriptive Survey Design was adopted for the study. The target population of the study comprised all the residents of OALCDA. Two hundred respondents were sampled using a simple random technique. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was personally administered by the researcher and collected by him. Seven research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Frequency count, bar chart, percentage, and mean were used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using t - test and Chi-square. The findings of the study were as follows: plant and animal species were high before the commencement of the dredging operation, but became low after its commencement. The main reason for embarking on dredging operation in the study area was found to be for monetary gain from the sale of excavated materials. The relationship between aquatic organism loss and dredging was found to be significant. It was therefore recommended among others that there should be pre and post-dredging environmental impact assessments to better understand the extent of impacts of dredging on living things and the environment, and proper awareness should be created on the consequences of dredging operations. The elected chairman of Oto-Awori Local Council Development Area and his team should raise awareness among the people on the impact of their actions on both aquatic and terrestrial species and initiate a comprehensive remediation program with stringent monitoring. Higher institutions within the study area should partner with relevant bodies to organize seminars on educating the residents on what dredging is, the purpose of dredging, and its impacts on the ecosystem as a whole, since the loss of medicinal and research species has an efficacy impact on the teaching and learning of science. 21 Jun, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-199.php Introduction: Research regarding Animal-Assisted Education (AAE) is a relatively new field. Due to the growing number of programs in the field, investigating AAE interventions is important. The aim of this study was to gain insight into teachers’ and parents’/caregivers’ perceptions of the impacts of a specific form of Animal-Assisted Service (AAS, formerly Animal-Assisted Intervention (AAI) namely, an Animal-Assisted Education (AAE) program for primary school students, as offered in the Netherlands. Materials and methods: This study was designed as an exploratory qualitative study, executed by means of interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Twelve teachers and ten parents/caregivers were interviewed. The analysis started with open coding and was followed by axial and selective coding. Results: There is significant agreement regarding the positive influence of AAE on the perception of teachers and parents. Both notice an impact beyond the context of the AAE sessions in the areas of communication, social-emotional development, self-confidence, and environmental factors. Teachers also note that the AAE project has provided them with insights that influence their professional development. Conclusion: It can be cautiously stated that 10 sessions, according to the DOG project, had a positive impact on the social-emotional development of elementary school students according to their parents and teachers. Further research on what AAE means for students is recommended. Considering the unforeseen and impactful outcome of this playful interaction initiative on teachers, it is advised to conduct subsequent research to further explore the underlying mechanisms, aiming to enhance the professional development of teachers. 12 Apr, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-198.php Part of the contamination of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems is influenced by mass production, consumption habits, and improper disposal of plastics. Plastic degradation and fragmentation lead to the formation of Microplastics (MPs), small particles that easily infiltrate natural systems and pose ecological risks. These MPs are transported by atmospheric and water circulation dynamics, predominantly accumulating in soils and bodies of water, disrupting ecological processes in water, land, biosphere, and anthroposphere. This contamination adversely affects human productivity and disturbs fauna and flora in ecosystems. MPs can be consumed and bioaccumulated, potentially carrying pathogenic microorganisms and causing intoxication through constant contact. Understanding the environmental impacts of microplastic presence is crucial to identifying and addressing contamination sources. It serves as a foundation for adopting clean and sustainable production practices, minimizing negative impacts, and maximizing positive effects on ecosystems. Environmental education and scientific research play vital roles in raising awareness and fostering societies' involvement in managing emission sources that disturb sensitive ecosystems. 02 Apr, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-197.php Andean grassland ecosystems are covered by a mega-vascular floristic diversity constituted by families such as Poaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Plantaginaceae, Fabaceae, and Cyperaceae, among the most important ones that include suitable species for Andean Livestock feeding such as sheep, cattle, and South American camelids. However, the accelerated degradation of ecosystems and the extinction of several important species, have put it in our interest to know better the spatio-temporal distribution of these species as a starting point for spatio-temporal monitoring. With this purpose, we compiled information on those identified as D species in the Poaceae family, from thesis studies and published scientific articles. We also examined the record and spatial distribution of D species of this family in the Global Biodiversity Information System &#40;GBIF&#41; corresponding to the Sierra region of Peru. Specific geo-processed maps were generated after data curation. It was found that there are 63 D species included in the genus: Agrostis, Agropirum, Bromus, Calamagrostis, Dissanthelium, Festuca, Hordeum, Muhlenbergia, Nasella, Paspalum, Poa, Stipa, Trisetum and Vulpia, of which only 52 species are registered in GBIF, noting the concentration of records in places of greater tourist interest and with funded research projects such as the Huascaran National Park and others. The few studies on natural grassland species in Peru and the low spatial coverage of the species recorded in GBIF still limit the generation of adequate monitoring strategies. 13 Mar, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-196.php 0009-0009-8147-0509In recent years, the use of various Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, such as evolutionary computation, heuristic algorithms, artificial neural networks, and fuzzy theory calculations, has gained popularity in addressing water resources issues. These algorithms have shown great success in solving problems that traditional deterministic methods struggle with. This study focuses on optimizing Dez reservoir operation over a long-term period using a nonlinear loss function through an evolutionary artificial neural network algorithm. The outcomes of this approach are then contrasted with genetic exploration and harmony search algorithms, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each method. Ultimately, a combination of the evolutionary artificial neural network method and hedging models is employed for optimal reservoir management, with results compared to the previous approach. Results show the appropriate performance of combining hedging policy with artificial neural network and harmony search algorithm. This combination significantly reduces the vulnerability value with a slight decrease in reliability. 09 Mar, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-195.php We review an editorial article in the climate journal Earth Systems Dynamics (ESD 14, 241–242, 2023): the headline title of which makes two scientifically incorrect assertions: (i) that the greenhouse-gas hypothesis, i.e., cause of global warming by ~1K in 1950-2020, is an established scientific truth, and (ii) that heat emissions from global fuel combustion are, by comparison, negligible. Both statements are inconsistent with the laws of classical thermodynamics, with the limitations of the Earth’s global energy budget multivariate computer models, and with the known absorption and emission spectroscopy of carbon dioxide (CO2). The scientific method of establishing truth requires hypotheses to be tested against experimental results by circumspective scientific scrutiny. Scientific knowledge cannot be established by consensus politics. We question the wisdom of a policy of rejecting articles that may disparage the greenhouse gas hypothesis. By this criterion of science by consensus, the 1543-AD publication of Nicholas Copernicus’s research article, which disputed the prevailing consensus of the Ptolemaic hypothesis of a static Earth system, would have been rejected by Copernicus Publications. The ESD editors cite, as an example, two recent articles, they say, that should have been rejected without peer review. Both articles, which contradict the greenhouse gas hypothesis, were peer-reviewed for sound science, and published by MDPI recently in Entropy. We find that Copernicus Publications' peer-review policy, and this ESD editorial article, in particular, are unethical. A policy of only publishing consensus science enhances an ascendancy of politically motivated subjective pseudoscience, causing a stagnation of our scientific understanding and description of Earth systems. 02 Mar, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-194.php Several chemical substances are released into the environment, and many of them accumulate in the silt or sludge constituting sediments, at the bottom of rivers and lakes as well as in estuaries and seabeds. The ecological and health damage caused by the contamination of sediments by these chemical substances can have serious consequences on ecosystems by reducing the diversity of communities, particularly invertebrates, with indirect consequences on fish populations, loss of edibility of fish or shellfish, recreational uses affected or impossible, ecological risk assessment can be used prospectively or retrospectively. The general outline of the evaluation includes three stages: the formulation of the problem, which aims to develop an analysis plan and define the means to be implemented to characterize the risk, the analysis itself, where we collect the data necessary for the assessment of effects and exposure, and risk characterization, where the risk(s) and, as far as possible, the associated uncertainties are estimated. The application of this approach to dredged materials is proposed in the form of two successive stages: the first consists of a simplified risk analysis, from which we can decide to initiate a second stage of detailed evaluation. The review evaluates the ecological risk associated with the disposal of dredged materials in freshwater environments. It examines the impact of dredged materials on biodiversity and ecosystem health, focusing on assessing the extent of ecological damage, identifying influential factors, and proposing mitigation strategies. 24 Feb, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-193.php Mangrove wetlands serve multiple ecological functions, such as carbon sequestration. Yet, at the same time, they are also suffering from poor and non-transparent restoration and preservation management, resulting in unnecessary losses. This article assesses how and where responsible land management can address this problem based on three different cases in Indonesia. It evaluates the cases through the lens of a descriptive and normative land management analytical framework of (de Vries 2021) with the equation form (∆LM = f(∆G, ∆L, ∆S, ∆E, ∆P, ∆B), The goal of the evaluation is to evaluate to how and to which extent major land interventions and mangrove preservation activities could align, and with which particular land management aspects improvements in this relation should start. The findings demonstrate that the alignment should begin with a more comprehensive and systematic pre-evaluation of possible impacts and effects, for all aspects which are changed by the intervention. Relying on a framework of responsible land management could support a better preservation of coastal mangrove areas. 20 Feb, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-192.php A multidisciplinary field experiment was performed during three seasons for winter wheat in Croatia. The intention of this study was to examine and diagnose the effect of Tillage Systems (TS) on soil chemical properties (soil acidity, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter content) as well as the outcome of economic indicators such as Gross Margin (GM), Rate of Profitability (ROP), cost-effectiveness (E) and productivity (P). TS were CT - plowing up to 30 cm depth; DT - disking up to 8-12 cm depth; LT - loosening up to 35 cm depth; NT - no-tillage. The experimental design was a randomised block design in four repetitions, where the basic TS plot was 540 m2. Soil sampling for 0-30 cm soil layer was done prior to setting up the experiment and after three seasons, a total of 320 soil samples and chemical analyses were performed according to standard pedological procedures. Economic indicators are calculated using economic equations and standards and statistical analysis was performed with SAS 9.3 and Microsoft Excel 2016. Generated results point that on systems with shallower tillage or no- tillage expressed accumulation of phosphorus and potassium appeared with distinct vertical stratification. At the same time, these TS ensured soil organic matter and soil fertility preservation. From the aspect of economic calculations, LT assigned the prime economic results. The ROP was in order CT (32.67%) &lt; DT (37.39%) &lt; LT (40.31%) &lt; NT (42.29%). The same order was established for E, namely, CT (1.33) &lt; DT (1.37%) &lt; LT (1.40%) &lt; NT (1.42%). NT established the best P because of the lowest costs of production, but due to significantly lower yield, NT has limited adoption in practice. The conservable and viable agricultural production by intermediation of reduced soil tillage systems has its capabilities and potency, firstly ecological, through providing soil degradation, and then economical by potentiating economic sustainability and financial efficiency of agricultural production. 31 Jan, 2024 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-9-191.php The spatial building inventory of Turkey plays a central role in many challenges and development opportunities the country faces. Located in a seismic zone and confronting rapid population growth, Turkey continuously experiences change and development in urban infrastructure and settlement arrangements. This article comprehensively addresses the necessity of updating building inventories in Turkey, emphasizing its numerous benefits and examining its impact on urban development, disaster management, and economic, and social structures. Given factors like seismic activity, rapid urbanization, demographic changes, and urban regeneration in Turkey, the need for an up-to-date and accurate building inventory is underlined. The research highlights the critical importance of updating building inventory data in areas such as disaster preparedness, urban planning, and potential solutions in this process. Furthermore, updating building inventory information significantly enhances the effectiveness of urban regeneration policies and forms a crucial reference 19 point in decision-making processes for both public and private sectors. 18 Nov, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-190.php This research is specifically centered on the concepts and contemporary models of eco-city planning. In the current era, there is a notable emergence of innovative city models with a focus on addressing climate-related issues. The drive to create new urban forms and models that concentrate global warming and climate challenges has resulted in the development of contemporary and innovative models, prominently exemplified by the eco-city. Previous studies have underscored the technological, socio-economic, and political aspects of eco-cities. While eco-cities are recognized for their highly technologically innovative approaches, the development of new architectural concept considered a crucial aspect of their design. Beyond technological development, there is a significant emphasis on developing an architectural concept that considers climatic adaptation and sustainability features within a holistic approach. Therefore, the importance of crafting a technologically advanced city conducive to eco-city planning dynamics, especially with a sustainable architectural concept, is highlighted and deemed worthy of research exploration. The study delves into different contemporary eco-city models from diverse climatic regions worldwide to examine their architectural concept development challenges. Notable examples on a global scale, such as the Sino-Singaporean Tianjin Eco-city in China, Masdar City in the United Arab Emirates, and the proposed Istanbul Küçükçekmece Eco-city in Türkiye, are scrutinized. The findings of the research underscore the significance of eco-cities in terms of architectural design and the use of sustainable materials for both sustainability and climate adaptation. These models, which align with technological advancements, emerge as sustainable and climate-sensitive city models. They serve as crucial examples in developing a more sustainable architectural model. Ultimately, the research emphasizes that designing a contemporary eco-city that addresses climatic privileges and without an sustainable architectural concept will not yield a sufficiently effective result. 03 Nov, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-189.php Today, educational uses of games (serious games) and gamification companies are multiplying, which are helping to extend the field of games so that "the idea of games comes to apply to realities, to situations, to behaviors in connection with which its use, until recently, would have seemed inappropriate, even absurd or scandalous'. However, all these systems are based on very diverse educational and political models, constructing their public sometimes as receivers to be trained, consumers to be convinced, workers to be hired or citizens to be mobilized. This article makes it possible to present and analyze a concrete case of mediation and awareness-raising through play, in which the playful experience is articulated with the fictional creation of anticipation in an attempt to support an open form of democratic dialogue about cities and territories’ evolution regarding climate change issues. This game that was developed is analyzed through this article. 31 Oct, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-188.php Background: This work aims to describe the finding of Aedes albopictus in an intra- and peridomiciliary area of the rural area in the south-central region of Ceará and discuss the need for entomological surveillance of this species in the country. Method: Through traps installed in an intra- and peridomiciliary environment and artificial breeding grounds, eggs and larvae of Ae. albopictus were captured in a rural area of the state of Ceará. Results: This is the first record of Ae. albopictus in the south-central region of the state of Ceará. We collected 418 eggs and 252 larvae from Ae. albopictus, being 85% of eggs in the peridomiciliary area, on average 29.41 (± 37.34) eggs per trap. As for larvae, about 70% of them were caught on tires. Only 42 larvae (14,2%) belonged to species other than the genus Aedes, found in tires and an engine. Conclusion: The presence of Ae. albopictus in rural areas close to urban areas warns of the need to effectively insert this vector as a surveillance target, carry out an active search, monitor its presence in municipalities, and investigate its involvement with outbreaks in or near areas where they are present. 06 Oct, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-187.php Air pollutants (e.g., NOx, SO2) emitted from coal-fired power plants in China have been effectively controlled by Air Pollution Control Devices (APCDs) since 1996. However, the gas organic pollutants (typically Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)) have been overlooked for a long time. In this study, based on the life cycle assessment method, the effect of APCDs (mainly Selective Catalytic Removal (SCR), Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP), Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (WFGD), and Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP)) on gas organic pollutants (without methane) from three typical coal-fired power plants in China has been evaluated in terms of direct emission removal and indirect emissions. Detecting the gas organic pollutants concentrations at the inlet and outlet of APCDs in these three cases, it is found that the total direct emission removal efficiency is up to more than 71.97%, with SCR’s contribution being the highest. However, the manufacture and equipping of APCDs will lead to indirect emission of gas organic pollutants. The result shows that the SCR system is also the main process that induces indirect emissions of gas organic pollutants, associated with the utilization of liquid ammonia and catalyst. Compared to the direct emission of gas organic pollutants, indirect gas organic pollutants emissions can not be ignored. The calculation of net emission removal and the degree of co-effects shows that APCDs can reduce gas organic pollutants, which results in reducing the photochemical ozone creation potential of 1.81E-06~5.93E-06kg(Ethene eq.)/MW·h and human toxicity potential of 2.51E-03~8.06E-03kg (DCB eq.)/MW·h. 20 Sep, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-186.php The propagation and processing of Sapindus saponaria, (Boliche) and Caesalpinea spinosa (Tara) will make it possible to manage ecosystems sustainably, obtaining biological soap and natural dyes and contribute to the fight against climate change, since plant cover is increased and to the capture of CO2, reducing the pressure of greenhouse gases, increasing the production of oxygen and at the same time generating industry for the production of biodegradable cleaning and beauty products. The incorporation of Caesalpinea spinosa (Tara) interspersed with S. saponaria allowed the contribution of its fruits to the productivity of the plot, since from its fruits we obtain tannins for tanning, natural dye, and gums for the food industry. Continuing with the practice of agroforestry, aromatic and medicinal species such as Aloe vera (Sábila), Chrysopogon zizanioides (Vetiver), and Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) were placed between the two tree species. By means of Soxhlet extraction with ethanol, the soap and the dyes that were used as ingredients of the biological shampoo were obtained. Using a homemade steam distiller, the extraction of essential oils from the aromatic and medicinal species was achieved. The project began under Resolution N° 0448-2009-R-UNE, which authorized the reforestation of the Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzman y Valle (UNE) and surrounding areas with native plant species. The strategy used was that of the Biology and Ecology students acting as godmothers and godfathers of the trees considered in the project. 12 Sep, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-185.php This study assessed the impact of deforestation on biodiversity in the Ojo Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Three hundred respondents were randomly selected from ten communities of the local government. Primary data were collected with a structured questionnaire in order to address the objectives of the study. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data collected. Respondents in the study area affirmed that there is deforestation activity in the local government and at a high rate. The study revealed that poverty is the major driver of deforestation in the study area, followed by urbanization and industrialization, while education level is the least factor responsible for deforestation. It was also uncovered that deforestation aids displacement and loss of plant and animal species from their natural habitats. It also leads to the loss of indigenous people’s homeland, contributes to erosion and infertility, and results in the loss of plants and animal species used for research, economic, and medicinal purposes. Chi-square analysis revealed that there is a significant relationship between deforestation and displacement of both plants and animal species in the study area. Considering the high rate and effects of deforestation in the study area, it was then recommended that the elected chairman of Ojo Local Government in partnership with various community leaders of the study halt deforestation activity for five to ten years, for the forest to rebound. Raise awareness among the people about the impact of their actions on the forest and initiate comprehensive tree-planting programs with stringent monitoring. 04 Aug, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-184.php This review brings together data on the impact of (micro)plastics, on the environment. Critically evaluates studies on the use of various techniques for recycling textile plastic, which is a major polluter of the environment. In this review, let’s focus a bit more on industrial waste in the textile industry since it would be easiest possible to capture and recycle it again. We also discuss LCA studies, bottlenecks, and future perspectives, for a lower impact on the environment. The main challenges which make further recycling progress difficult are discussed, such as the lamination of textile fibers with metal, new textile fibers that appear as a result of rapid development, the difference in the density of textile fibers, low recycling efficiency, etc. Finally, the possible uses of more environmentally friendly polymers are shown, which can be an alternative to the current synthetic polymers. The results of the literature review showed that for the development of a sustainable textile industry, which would mitigate the impact of microplastics on the environment, from a long-term perspective, the integration of more intensive, complex decisions into the business models of manufacturing companies is necessary. The environmental consequences will be even more intense due to the massive releases of textile microfibers into the environment and excessive accumulation, therefore, in order to achieve the specific goals of sustainable development, a reduction in the production of microplastics is first required, which is only possible with a global partnership of all countries to achieve a specific goal on a global level. 27 Jul, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-183.php Guji zone has different agro-ecologies suitable for livestock production. However, grazing land was shrinking for the production of feed which is the most pre-request for livestock production. As a result, farmers used pasture and crop residues which are insufficient and not available during the dry season. Hence, there was a feed shortage at different agroecologies. Rhodes grass is used as livestock feed, soil, and water conservation but improved Rhodes grass varieties were not intensively produced by farmers and hence feed shortage is affecting the supply of livestock products for household consumption. Improved Rhodes grass is the possible solution for feed shortage due to it is intensively harvested throughout the year and ensures feed availability for livestock. Therefore, a demonstration of Rhodes grass is needed on a farmer’s field. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Rhodes grass on farmers’ plots. Adola Rede (midland agroecology) and Ana Sora (highland agroecology) were selected based on their livestock and Rhodes grass production potential. Masaba and ILRI-7384 Rhodes grass varieties were demonstrated on a 50 m2 plot area. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Accordingly, the Masaba variety was highly performed in plant height (108.6 cm), fresh biomass (4.24t/ha), and survival rate (83.4%) than ILRI-7384 accession at both agroecologies. Except in seed yield at the highland area in all traits, the Masaba variety was well performed than ILRI-7384. The result of one-way ANOVA revealed that across agroecology fresh biomass yield and survival rate of Masaba was a statistically significant difference at 10% and 5% respectively. Farmers liked to produce Rhode grass varieties. Fresh biomass and survival rate was important trait obtained from the Masaba variety in both agro-ecologies. Thus, the Masaba variety was recommended for livestock feed at highland and midland agro-ecologies of the Guji zone. 29 Jun, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-182.php The procedure for receiving materials from the CME - Material and Sterilization Center, begins after the surgery is released by the agreement together with the approval of the supplier, once this is approved, the delivery of the materials to be used in the hospital will commence. This delivery may take place hours or even a day before the scheduled date since the materials need to be washed and sterilized, and in some cases, there is a lack of a certain instrument that may cancel or even postpone the surgery that is only identified when the articles are opened while in the operating room and even with the patient undergoing anesthetic induction, bringing inconvenience to the patient, the medical team and the hospital. In this article we will be proposing the construction of a Dashboard to help reduce the errors or problems encountered during the scheduling of surgeries to be performed in Hospitals in Brazil, we are only dealing with Elective surgeries, those schedules that depend on third-party materials for their performance. 27 Jun, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-181.php Paving with recycled aggregates has already been widely carried out in some countries where there is already consolidated knowledge on the subject. This work analyzes in the laboratory the physical and mechanical behavior aspects of recycled aggregate in concrete mixes for rigid pavements. After selective collection at a construction site, the waste undergoes a crushing process, subsequent to granulation and separation into fractions to be used again in the realization of a new mixture with 40 and 100% replacement of natural gravel for recycled with the addition of structural concrete fibers that decrease shrinkage and increase final strength. In the same mix, these mixtures were compared with a conventional mixture that obtained better performance and presented greater compressive strength. The study sought to analyze the technical feasibility of using recycled material, testing the thickness of several concrete slabs for application on the pavement. Thus, it is concluded that the analyzed recycled aggregate is of promising use in hard pavement coating, as it presents a compressive strength superior to 25 MPa. 21 Jun, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-180.php The destruction of habitats in ecosystems, the rapid growth of the human population, and climate change have led to a decline in wildlife populations worldwide. It is therefore important to carry out a census and inventory of wild animal species, to determine their size, distribution, and status, especially in the context of accounting for forestry resources. Highlights are also given to the differences between a census and an inventory and how they are carried out. Such as censuses and inventories, how they help in monitoring and understanding animal populations, habitat changes, and developing conservation strategies, and how these approaches can be used to calculate the economic value of forests. This article concludes by discussing the impact of censuses and inventories on sustainable forest management and improving forest accounting by providing more accurate data. However, in carrying out the census and inventory of wild animals there are still obstacles such as limited funds, human resources, and adequate technology. So it is suggested that the need for support from the government, organizations and the community to increase the availability of resources needed to carry out censuses and inventories of wild animals. 04 May, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-179.php This article is a follow-up on the recent publication introducing the concept of “Voluntary Selection” which allows for engineering the phenotypic profile of a population by adopting the reproductive cells of donors rather than couples themselves. Foreseeing a genetically converging world through Voluntary Selection, and looking from a Middle Eastern and North African perspective, the article focuses on five major themes where improvements are necessary to allow for maintaining stability and achieving a minimum level of living standards despite matters such as different levels of access to environmental resources, global warming and depleting fossil fuel resources. These themes are namely the provision of evolutionary explanation for religions, women’s rights, generating wealth in the form of living atmospheres, distributed workload across society and distributed food production. The following discussions illustrate how by changing the way we look at the world, utilizing our available but neglected resources, dreaming, believing, and acting, we can solve some of the most fundamental global problems. The provided solutions are protective of individual freedoms, facilitate the convergence of lifestyles to a pleasant, practical, elegant, sustainable and modern model and protect the fabric of society as the foundation for higher-level achievements necessary for the maintenance and improvement of our living standards. 25 Apr, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-178.php Property and sustainability both represent strongly felt concepts of society but in very different ways. While the protection of the individual property is at the heart of the capitalist system and deeply embedded in our laws, concerns for ecological sustainability feature less prominently and only indirectly impact private property. Critically, the integrity of Earth’s ecological systems is hardly protected at all. Environmental laws in the world over-regulate the use and protection of natural “resources” in a strict instrumental fashion and tend to take the integrity of Earth’s ecological systems for granted. This article explores some of the histories of environmental law, sustainability and property in the European context. It then shows how ecological sustainability can shape the content and scope of the private property using some examples in New Zealand and Germany. The overall thesis is that both concepts can be reconciled on the basis of ecological integrity as a fundamental norm of law. 14 Mar, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-177.php Light degrades carotenoids and thus the color of bio-fortified gari during storage. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of exposure of bio-fortified gari to light during storage on its color. Gari samples obtained from the processing of fresh storage roots of three yellow root cassava varieties (TMSI011368, TMSI010593, and TMSI010539) and a white root variety (TMS30572) as check were packaged in three replicates in transparent white plastics containers (light condition) and blue plastics containers wrapped in black polythene bags (dark condition). These were stored on an open shelf in the laboratory in a 4 × 2 × 13 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design. Immediately after processing and monthly for 12 months, the gari samples were evaluated for color using a scale of 1 (white) to 8 (pink). The result showed that yellowness of the gari from bio-fortified cassava varieties decreased over the storage period from 5.5 (TMS010539) immediately after processing to 2.5 (TMS010593, under both storage conditions) at 12 Months After Storage (MAS). The change was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) influenced by variety, storage duration and storage condition. Gari from varieties TMSI011368 and TMSI010593 had the least (38.3%) and highest (50.2%) percentage reduction in yellowness, respectively at the end of the storage period (12 months). Across the storage period, the mean color of gari samples stored in the dark condition (3.37) was significantly higher than the mean color of gari samples exposed to light (3.22). Therefore, the proper selection of cassava variety and the use of packaging containers that screen light from bio-fortified gari during storage can best preserve its color and ensure the availability of a reasonable amount of carotenoids to consumers after long-term storage (12 months). 09 Mar, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-176.php We studied the seasonal abundance and diversity of waterbirds around the Begnas lake of Pokhara Valley. The status of waterbirds in Begnas wetland is not documented so; we monitored the waterbirds using the point count method in 12 different plots around the lake and compared the seasonal abundance and diversity during the 2019 Summer and 2020 winter with 24 hours of observation in each plot. A total of 585 individuals of 25 waterbird species from 10 families were recorded during the study period. Among the recorded species two species were globally threatened and the remaining were the least concerned categories. The greater abundance of waterbirds was recorded during winter (t = -5.98, p &lt; 0.001). The abundance of all feeding guilds was found higher during winter. Cattle egret was recorded with the greatest abundance (N = 85) and Relative abundance (RA = 14.52), it was followed by great cormorant (N = 57, RA = 9.74) and common pochard was the least abundant (N = 2, RA = 0.34). There was no seasonal variation in the Shannon Wiener index (H’) and species evenness however, the species richness was higher during winter (W = 16.5, p &lt; 0.01). Distance to the forest, road, and settlement did not affect the abundance and diversity of waterbirds however, the abundance of insectivore birds was increased with the decrease of distance to croplands (t = -3.13, p &lt; 0.05). The Begnas wetland was found with a lower abundance and diversity of waterbirds in comparison to the Phewa and other wetlands of the Terai region of Nepal. The lake water pollution, infrastructural development, anthropogenic activities, recreational activities, and infestation of invasive plants like water hyacinth were the main threats to the waterbirds around Begnas lake. An awareness program about the conservation of waterbirds and regular monitoring of waterbirds in Begnas was recommended. 28 Feb, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-175.php As the economy develops and the population increases, there is an increasing demand for goods such as timber, food, medicine, and so on, and ecological services such as fresh water and the environment. Because goods and services produced by the original forest cannot meet the increasing need of people, so most of the original forest has become farmland, plantation, and grass. In the process of Forest restoration, a lot of exotic plants was introduced to produce special products and service. As exotic plants grow, vegetation declines, and crop failure will happen in dry years or resource waste in wet years. In order to solve these problems, Years of theoretical research and investigation in fixed positions have shown that there is a soil water resources use limit by plants and the soil water vegetation carrying capacity in the process of vegetation restoration. When the soil water resources in the range of the maximum infiltration depth are equal to the soil water resources use limit by plants, the plant water relation enters the key period of plant water relation regulation. If existing plant density is more than the soil water vegetation carrying capacity in the key period of plant water relation regulation, the plant water relation has to be regulated on the soil water vegetation carrying capacity to get maximal yield and service and realize high-quality sustainable management of forest vegetation in a water shortage area. 07 Jan, 2023 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-8-174.php Most symmetrical objects can be efficiently described in terms of their deviation from a specific symmetry group, whether it be a mirror, radial, or translatory symmetry, among other groups. Fundamentally, asymmetry is an individual trait, but the asymmetry distribution of a given population may provide valuable information about the well-being of that population. Quantification of these deviations from perfect symmetry evolved from counts and linear measures of distances to landmarks conducive to structures with consistent topology, and then to Continuous Symmetry Measures (CSM) conducive to structures with no consistent topology. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach on quantification of leaf veins that mirror bifurcating structures. Deviations from a given symmetry group can be described in terms of (i) Fluctuating Asymmetries (FA) or (ii) broken asymmetries. Fluctuating Asymmetry (FA) is a controversial indicator of stress, and therefore tackling the problem needs a large number of species and populations in habitats with well-known stressors. We found such a site at “Evolution Canyon”, Israel, and we examine and discuss a study of twenty-four species that live in the canyon’s opposing slopes. We conclude with examples from asymmetry as a neurophysiological bioindicator by presenting several studies on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson’s disease, and stroke. We show how machine-learning methods, applied on asymmetry indicators (in addition to the traditional signal processing features), can improve the sensitivity of the system and provide reliable diagnostic results. 20 Dec, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-173.php Carotenoids in bio-fortified gari are degraded by light and oxidation during storage resulting in fading of their yellow color. In this study, gari from yellow-root (bio-fortified) cassava varieties (YCVs) were evaluated for color change during storage in two seasons. About 400 g of fresh gari samples of five YCVs (IITA-TMSI011368, IITA-TMSI011371, IITA-TMSI011412, IITA-TMSI070539 and IITA-TMS-I070593) and white-root variety (TMEB419-check) were packaged in transparent plastics to ensure exposure to light. The samples were evaluated monthly for color change using a chart with a scale of 1 (white) to 8 (pink) for 12 months in each season. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA, descriptive and correlation analyses. Reduction in yellow color intensity was observed among the yellow gari samples in the first month from average of 4.40 to 3.53 representing about 20% decrease. At 12 months after processing, varieties IITA-TMSI011368 and IITA-TMSI011371 had the highest (68%) and least (58%) yellow pigment retention, respectively. There was significant variation among the varieties for gari color change and yellow pigment retention over the storage period. Therefore, carotenoid content in bio-fortified gari depends on the cassava variety and storage period. These factors should be considered in future breeding program to improve cassava for carotenoid content. 30 Nov, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-172.php The research arises from the interest in investigating the pollen contained in the various honey samples analyzed to identify its geographical and botanical origin and to evaluate its allergenic potential. With the Louveaux method, the pollen content shall be observed under a microscope using the same procedure as the aerobiological analysis described in national and European standards. From the microscopic observation of the pollen grains, it is possible to identify the plants that produced them, thus going back to a particular type of vegetation that distinguishes the production area. The percentage values for pollen of nectariferous plants identified have been calculated to establish frequency classes and dominant species. Starting from an exploratory analysis, the results obtained with melissopalynology provide assessments that, combined with sensory and physical analysis, represent a useful control tool to address the growing trend of food fraud as an element of consumer choice. By comparing the percentages of the pollen taxa contained in the honey analyzed with those reported in the characterization cards, it was possible to verify the conformity to the declared botanical origin. The samples were analyzed in duplicate to reduce operator uncertainty and to ensure the identification of the largest number of species/families present and the recognition of botanical families. The results provided a clear picture of a first assessment of the conformity of the reference values; in general, most of the samples examined, both those taken on the market and those of local producers, are in line with the data obtained. Bibliographical research on cross allergies related to the presence of pollen in honey has established that allergic forms to honey are still a rare condition and the incidence does not exceed 0.001%. Studying the few reported cases worldwide, it is difficult to say that pollen proteins are the only and directly responsible for the allergic manifestations that follow the ingestion of honey; however, if we wanted to attribute the responsibility, we could refer in particular to Compositae pollens, such as mugwort, ragweed, and dandelion. This work, while identifying many possible triggers for allergic reactions, has detected a very low number of cases of ingestion of honey; therefore, the study can be a starting point to investigate the allergenic potential. 25 Nov, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-171.php The Mediterranean red coral (Corallium rubrum) is a long-lived and slow-growing gorgonian, which suffered intense exploitation due to its precious calcium carbonate skeleton used in jewelry and traded worldwide [1]. 09 Nov, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-170.php Most optimization problems naturally have several objectives, usually in conflict with each other. The problems with two or three objective functions are referred to as Multi-Objective Problems (MOP). However, many real-world applications often involve four or more objectives, which are commonly recognized as many-objective optimization problems (MaOP). Multi and many-objective algorithms have a great application in engineering science. This study addresses a complete and updated review of the literature for multi and many-objective problems and discusses 32 more important algorithms in detail. Afterward, the ZDT and DLTZ benchmark problems for multi-objective test problems are reviewed. All methods have been studied under recent state-of-the-art quality measures. Moreover, we discuss the historical roots of multi-objective optimization, the motivation to use evolutionary algorithms, and the most popular techniques currently in use. 31 Oct, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-169.php A detailed multi-year observational study of Red-Billed (RB) oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) and yellow-billed (YB) oxpecker (B. Africanus) occurrence on a range of ungulate species was performed in two Kenyan national parks. Surprisingly observation of over 2100 individual Kongoni, in group sizes of 1 to > 50, revealed a total absence of oxpeckers, of either species, on Kongoni (Alcephalus buselaphus: subfamily Alcephalinae) in Nairobi National Park (NNP), although it was one of the most common bovid species present. There is no population of A. buselaphus at the second study site in central Kenya, Lake Nakuru National Park (LNNP). By contrast, the Impala (Aepyceros melampus), a smaller species, whose taxonomic status is phylogenetically ambiguous, but is widely considered to have evolved relatively recently in Africa, was a frequent oxpecker host in both NNP (29% of animals observed) and LNNP (12.9% of individual animals observed. Two species of gazelle Thompson’s gazelle (Gazella rufifrons)) and Grant’s gazelle (G. granti), subfamily Gazellinae, which were present in both parks but in relatively low abundance, were also not observed to host oxpeckers. The reason for these bovid subfamilies, apparently not being utilized as oxpecker hosts in central Kenya, is unclear and requires further research. 29 Oct, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-168.php Along with economic development and an increase in population, there is an increasing demand for goods such as timber, food, medicine, and so on, and ecological services such as fresh water and the environment. Because goods and service produced by the original forest cannot meet the increasing need of people, so most of the original forest has become farmland, plantation, and grass, and a lot of exotic plants was introduced to produce special products and service. As introduced plants grow, vegetation decline and crop failure happen in dry years or resource waste in wet years. In order to solve these problems, Years of theoretical research and investigation in fixed positions have shown that there is a soil water resources use limit by plants and the soil water vegetation carrying capacity in the process of vegetation restoration. When the soil water resources in the range of the maximum infiltration depth are equal to soil water resources use limit by plants, the plant water relation enters the key period of plant water relation regulation. If existing plant density is more than the soil water vegetation carrying capacity in the key period of plant water relation regulation, the plant water relation has to be regulated on the soil water vegetation carrying capacity to get maximal yield and service and realize high-quality sustainable management of forest vegetation in a water shortage area. 14 Oct, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-167.php Due to the increased demand for energy and the near depletion of fossil fuel sources, in addition to the problems of global warming, the world has turned to renewable energy sources as an alternative solution. One energy source is the anaerobic digestion of organic matter, such as animal or food waste. Biogas is produced from this process, used to generate electricity and heat, or processed for use as a transportation fuel and compost production for agriculture. This process is affected by many factors like the potential of hydrogen (PH), temperature, carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N), and other factors. Dry anaerobic digestion has higher total solid content (TS) than wet anaerobic digestion. On the other hand, it has lower maintenance and construction costs compared with wet anaerobic digestion. In this research, we will highlight the operational conditions of the process in addition to its different types. It also contains an overview of this system, its working principle, its advantages, and the system component and show the best ways to improve its efficiency. 27 Sep, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-166.php Modern mentality tends to minimize what is real to a physical world that is accessible to its senses, instruments, reasoning and equations, ignoring other states of reality that, clearly throughout humanity’s history have been known. Modern human believes that he is capable of dispensing all knowledge from what he has been taught in the past by starting over again, trusting only their point of view and their own new prejudices. His attention increasingly focusing outwards prevents him from looking inwards, towards the center of consciousness, of being, which is, however, the first data that has been imposed on us and the basis on which necessarily everything else rests. A physical analysis of a piece of music or a painting, however scientific it might be, does not annul the meaning- so deeper and on another type of level-shows that the reality of a work of art is much more than its physical components. This objective work creates communication bonds interconnecting classical and modern science, relating different areas of knowledge. Like the invisible presence of microorganisms that participate in the evolution of nature, we intend to give a new approach to recovering the empirical knowledge long way forgotten by modern science in order to strengthen the reality of the parts that do not precede the whole, but when are born acquire sense together with the whole. Their role as “parts” is only a role in the cognitive process, not in the generative process. 20 Sep, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-165.php We present two recent and environmentally potentially catastrophic but otherwise politically decisive and perhaps even praiseworthy governmental actions of the Peoples Republic of China. One is China’s world-renowned Three Gorges Dam project. This is perhaps one of the world’s largest hydroelectric dams as yet and most certainly the daring and even audacious construction project. Sadly, it also defies the understanding of atmospheric circulation patterns. The other is the construction and use of atoll reefs to house military bases. This too is certainly a brilliantly conceived novel idea but its time has been unfortunately ushered perhaps a couple of million years too early. Both these are examples of the most brilliantly executed but otherwise ill-conceived notions that should not have been undertaken in the first place. 02 Aug, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-164.php The world’s population has already reached almost 8 billion people and continues to grow rapidly. Environmental and climatic changes caused by human activity are continuously progressing; therefore, their impact on the further development of civilization has become one of the most acute and widely discussed problems. 29 Jul, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-163.php Springs are important habitats and determine the characteristics of headwater streams. However, they are rarely studied and usually not included in monitoring programs. Our study characterizes the sources of three large rivers and contributes to the knowledge about the biggest East European drainage divide. The catchment area is characterized by dense forests, which are rich in swamps and mires. The paludified catchment is typical for the rivers in this region and it is also determining the physicochemistry of the water. We provide a first dataset about the physicochemical conditions of the sources of Volga, Dnieper, and Western Dvina, which should build a basis for further analyses of the springs of these large rivers. We suggest that monitoring the sources of the large rivers in the Valdai hills should be considered as an extension of the existing monitoring programs. 23 Jul, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-162.php Today, most developed and developing countries utilize renewable energy to meet their needs. The use of renewable energy prevents environmental pollution. A concern of the governments is to deal with environmental pollution. Iran as a major oil-producing country has increasingly paid attention to non-fossil energy resources, in particular renewable energy sources for its longer-term energy plans. In this paper, the types of renewable energy used in electricity generation in Iran have been studied. Studies show that during the last 20 years, 1.5% of the amount of electricity produced in Iran is supplied by renewable energy. Iran also has a much greater potential for utilizing renewable energy. By 2020, Iran has a potential of 42000 MW use of renewable energies. However, the capacity of renewable power stations constructed in Iran is 800 MW. Different regions of Iran have high wind, solar and geothermal energy potential, which has not been used enough to meet electricity needs. 22 Jul, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-161.php Limited access to fodder with fair nutritive characteristics especially during dry periods is a challenge to livestock farming. However, it is envisaged that evergreen bamboo with year-round litter production and high nutritive characteristics, may provide a valuable supplementary source of feed. In Ghana, bamboo use as fodder is largely unknown and efforts to promote its use will require an understanding of base feed quality and results disseminated. Therefore, a field fodder quality experimentation using twenty Djallonké kids (juvenile goats) of 1-year-old with a mean initial weight of 13.77 ± 1.16 kg for the trial and allotted to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design with five replicates per treatment was conducted. The study sought to assess the effect of leaves of two bamboo species (Oxytenanthera abyssinica and Bambusa balcooa) as a feed supplement to goats fed on basal diets of Pennisetum purpureum and Brachiaria decumbens. The fodder quality results indicated that nutrient composition and in vitro gas production of the treatments varied significantly among the grasses and the bamboo supplement. The highest crude protein and in vitro gas production was observed in O. abyssinica. Besides, O. abyssinica diets recorded the highest daily gain and the lowest feed-to-gain ratio. The treatment effect was significant on blood variables measured. Bamboo leaves are a viable feed supplement for goats as shown by their nutrient profile and positive influence on the growth performance of goats. Hence, the leaves of any of the bamboo species could be used as supplemental feed for goats. 15 Jul, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-160.php Today herbicides are the main method of weed management in agriculture/horticulture, community green servicing and private individuals Table 1. 15 Jul, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-159.php The term ocean acidification (OA) is known as the lowering in the pH of the ocean by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere over a continued period of time. Various factors such as land use change and the burning of fossil fuels increase the concentration of CO2 which was absorbed by the ocean at a factor of 30% which causes many chemical reactions [1]. 14 Jul, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-158.php Whether we like it or not, ours will be a century where the governance and economic agenda will be dominated by the task of adapting to climate change. With the early effects of climate change already starkly visible, and their escalations over the coming decades already locked in, adaptation is no longer a choice but an imperative. And nowhere in the world is there a greater urgency to set out a coherent and comprehensive agenda for adaptation, we believe, than in Africa. 05 Jul, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-157.php Nototriche hartwegii A.W. Hill, 1909 (Malvaceae: Malvales), is recorded for the first time in the province of Bolívar, in the wetlands of the Andean plateau of the Chimborazo Fauna Production Reserve (RPFCH). With this record, the endemic and limited distribution of this species to the wetlands of southern Ecuador, between 4100 and 4400 m.a.s.l., specifically in the provinces of Cañar and Azuay, is extended to the moorlands of central Ecuador. 03 Jun, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-155.php Eco-evolutionary community genetics refers to the study of population genetics at multispecies levels since a single species evolves genetically through interactions with other species. The aim of this paper is dynamical modeling of interspecific quantitative trait loci (QTL) under slight and hard multilevel selection to investigate eco-evolutionary genetic relationships among QTL of multispecies. It was found that the simplex explained the intergenomic epistatic QTL (IEQ) dynamics in a discrete-time model according to Wright’s manifold. Besides, the generalized gradient system on the simplex demonstrated the IEQ dynamics in a continuous-time model. The outcomes of slight and hard multilevel selection on the expressions of IEQ in species were explained by the gradient operator of the mean multilevel fitness. IEQ analysis was integrated into community genetics according to Lande’s assumptions, so for slight multilevel selection, the geometric average of the mean multilevel fitness specified Wright’s idea of adaptive topography. The dynamical system for phenotypic eco-evolution under a hard multilevel selection gradient was studied and the relative mean multilevel fitness of two species was estimated. 25 May, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-154.php The article considers methods for constructing optimal (in the Pareto sense) coordinates of the dispatch schedules for managing releases for the water management complex “Lake Baikal - Irkutsk Reservoir”. Statistical reliability criteria such as the number and depth of violations are used as optimization criteria. The construction of the optimal dispatch schedule is carried out based on water resource calculations for long-term hydrological inflow series from 1903 to 2016 (the number of the periods per year is 24) and modern hierarchically ordered requirements of water users. Since the water users’ requirements, as a rule, conflict with each other, a multi-criteria analysis of various optimal dispatch schedules were used to find the optimal Trade-off solution. To search for the optimal configuration of the dispatcher, the author’s methods of local optimization were developed, which allow solving a complex non-linear programming task in a reasonable time. Software for water resource calculation and optimization was developed with the VBA language in the Excel environment. 12 May, 2022 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-7-153.php The present study was carried out to investigate the diversity and use of medicinal plants, and to document the indigenous knowledge of the local community. The typical ethnobotanical methodologies were applied during the study. Eighty-one informants were selected by the preferential sampling of which 61 were males and 20 were females. The selected individuals were considered knowledgeable in their view of medicinal plants. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, field observation, group discussion, and specimen collection. Informant consensus, preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, and informant consensus factor were computed. A total of 105 plant species were identified belonging to 105 genera and 52 families. Of the total plants, 70 plant species have medicinal values and are recorded from the study area. Based on the study, the family Asteraceae was found to be the most prominent family with 8 species under 8 genera followed by Fabaceae which comprise 6 species under 6 genera. Of medicinal plants collected in the area, 79.66% were used to treat human ailments, 17.79% were used to treat both human and livestock ailments, and 2.54 % were used to treat livestock ailments. Of the total medicinal plants, herbs were the dominant making 45 (47.5%) followed by shrubs 35(29.46%), trees 15(15.75%), and climbers 10(7.35%). Leaf (41%) was the most frequently utilized medicinal plant part followed by root which is (18%). About 44 different kinds of diseases in the local community were identified and have been treated by existing and identified medicinal plants. The most widely used method of preparation was in the form of crushing (44%) followed by boiling (17%) and powdering (10%). The majority of preparations used fresh parts (53.63%) more than the dried forms (36.81%). Oral (50%) and dermal (30.92%) applications were the common routes of administration. Agricultural expansion, overgrazing, over-harvesting of plants for different household utensils, and other human-induced problems were the major threats to natural habitats in general and medicinal plants in particular. Therefore, it is recommended that awareness creation through training and education with the participation of government and non-governmental organizations on sustainable use and conservation of plant resources should be encouraged. 20 Dec, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-152.php The Smutsia temminckii is the only species of pangolin known to exist in Zimbabwe and is considered vulnerable under the IUCN Red List of threatened species. Distribution of wild S. temminckii in protected areas (PAs) and associated environmental variables are not well defined in Zimbabwe. The study sort to relate key environmental variables (Altitude, rainfall, temperature and vegetation type) to habitat occupancy and distribution of S. temminckii. Data was collected from forty-eight stations based on S.temminckii sightings historical records spanning ten years (2011-2021) done by field rangers, tourists and scientific services research personnel. A review of available literature was done from online sources and station records. A distribution map based on S. temminckii sightings across various PAs in Zimbabwe was developed for this study. Results of this study reveal that S. temminckii occupy PAs in South East low-veld areas, Northwestern Zimbabwe, Mid Zambezi Valley and Nyanga NP. No historical data on S. temminckii sighting in central PAs located in ecological regions IIa, IIb and III of Zimbabwe. Climatic conditions associated with S. temminckii distribution, except for Nyanga NP, are average temperatures above 220C and rainfall between 400mm to 900mm per annum. Landscapes ideal for S. temminckii habitat occupancy have an altitude between 262m-2000m above sea level. Associated vegetation types for habitat occupancy of S. temminckii are the Zambezian and mopane woodlands as well as montane forest grasslands mosaic of Nyanga NP. Future studies should focus on establishing distribution of S. temminckii outside PA, population status and density to inform conservation of this rare and unique species around Zimbabwe. 09 Nov, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-151.php Human activity is the main cause of climate change. People burn fossil fuels and convert land from forests to agriculture. Burning fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Climate change due to vehicular movements, industries, and deforestation for creating newer inhabitations affects the environmental and social determinants of health. An effective public health response to climate change is involves preventing injuries and illnesses, escalating public health preparedness, and reducing risk of consequences of all listed climate change immediate support, manage health effects and outbreaks. The world leaders are gathering in Glasgow for COP26, today the October 31st, 2021, to carry forwards the unfinished agenda. The process is ruled by arriving at consensus, and the pace is set by the least willing countries. In 2019, developed countries provided $16.7 billion as a grant, that amounts to just $1 per month for climate finance. Developed countries can surely afford more than this. A credible climate finance plan from them is, therefore, crucial. The world’s 20 biggest economies recently endorsed a landmark deal on a global minimum corporate tax rate of 15% and will aim to implement the rules by 2023 for climate financing. The main reason why cop26 process matters is that the science, diplomacy, activism, and public opinion that support it make up the best mechanism the world currently must help it come to terms with a fundamental truth. Looking at the progress made since the imitation of COP so far and minimal groundwork that has been done to achieve them, most of the demands may not be met. India’s ambitious 450 GW renewable energy goal by 2030, its hydrogen mission, plan to move Indian railways to ‘net-zero’ emission by 2030, land degradation neutrality and massive programme to increase forest cover- natural carbon sink the key points the country will commit to drive home. Forty-five nations pledged to step up protection of nature and overhaul farming to cut greenhouse gas emissions, but major economies led by the US, Japan and Germany and developing nations such as India, Indonesia, Morocco, Vietnam, Philippines, Gabon, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Uruguay backed from commitments. The steps include leveraging over $4 billion of new public sector investment into agricultural innovation, including the development of climate-resilient crops and regenerative solutions to improve soil health. I think climate challenges will be met, not because of summits and global idealism but because of enormous sums likely to be spent on green innovation by profit-driven corporations, incentivised by modest government subsidies and mandates Material & methods: This article is a review of available literature on Impact of climate change on health and global Climate change efforts, in press and various government and UN agency documents. 02 Nov, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-150.php The study examined Sand Dredged Environment of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria towards effective monitoring of sand mining mites and post-management techniques. Multi-stage random sampling was used to select nine (9) Local Government Areas and three (3) communities from the selected local Government Areas in Akwa Ibom State. Primary data were collected with structured questionnaires and focus group discussion. The study reveals that post-management guidelines of sand mining environment was not adopted in the study area to the failure in management of the environment in which a larger expanse of agricultural land have been converted to waste land and borrow pit. This work found that acquisition of sand mining permit was grossly ignored among sand miners in some mining communities, whereas other miners who obtained their permit deliberately hired too many dredgers in their allocated sand mining sites and the stakeholders mandated to monitor sand mining sites did not visit the sites and were relatively unaware of the illegal businesses going on in the sand mining sites. Chi-square was used to examine the impact of stakeholders on management of sand mining environment. The result indicated that a value of 204.565 at p&lt;0.05 was obtained and it was concluded that stakeholders in the solid mineral exploration industry should re-direct their interest toward post-management of sand mining environment so as to restore degraded ecosystem for further land use purposes. 11 Oct, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-149.php Since the Industrial Revolution, a new era has arisen as the Anthropocene, in which human actions have become the main driver of global ecological crises outside the stable environmental state of the Holocene. During the Holocene, environmental change occurred naturally and Earth’s regulatory capacity maintained the conditions that enabled human development. By contrast, oil-dependent industrial society has exerted ecological crises. Agrobased society, in which almost all demands of human can be supported by agriculture, might be the ultimate solution industrial society facing ecological crises, in which there is a paradigm shift from the general and unlimited economic growth pursued by virtue of oil dependence to agrobased growth. The substitution of agrobased society for industrial society is an evolutionary result of Negation, it is a negation of materialized industrial society. The core feature of agriculture is to use organisms as production objects and rely on life processes to achieve production goals. The substitution of agrobased society for industrial society is the precondition for a sustainable carbon cycle, breaking through resource shortage, alleviating the environmental pressure of economic development. Meanwhile, it is feasible for the substitution of an agro-based society for an industrial society associated with the development of bio technologies and environmental awareness. 06 Oct, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-148.php The authors considered the rational reasons of effective measures for prevention and liquidation of catastrophic of emission of oil and gas in case of production of oil and gas in the Kazakhstani sector of the Caspian Sea. The comparative analysis with the accident on the Gulf of Mexico (USA) is carried out. Scientific substantiation of effective measures to prevent and to eliminate oil and gas emissions catastrophe on the Kazakhstani sector of the Caspian Sea is carried out. Currently, Kazakhstan produces 1.6 million barrels a day, which allows us to be among the world’s top twenty oil producers. In the next 15 years we plan to double these figures - we have a new field in Tenghiz, Kashagan. The USA’s companies such as ExxonMobil, Chevron want to continue to invest in this area. 05 Oct, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-147.php In agriculture, animals and plants are engineered to produce pharmaceuticals, and crops are modified to be nutritious, tolerant of herbicides and the natural environment, and resistant to disease. While these goals may seem practical, is it wise to modify plant systems without a clear idea of the long-term effects of genetic engineering in animals and humans? [1]. 23 Jul, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-146.php Wetlands possess abundant valuable environmental resources which hold possible opportunities for rapid and sustainable development of the eco-communities. This paper seeks to highlight multifunctional benefits derived from consumptive and non-consumptive wetland resources in Ibeno, Akwa Ibom State with a view to mitigating under-utilization and unsustainable exploitation for effective management in the area. Field reconnaissance survey identified 8 sampled communities which were purposively selected in which 400 copies of structured questionnaires were distributed to generate database for the study. It was hypothesized that tapping into the multi-utilization potentials of consumptive and non-consumptive wetland resources will not contribute to local livelihood and socio-economic development of the region. The chi-square analysis at 0.05 level of significance confirmed 45.23 greater than 2.13. This affirmed the multi-utilization potentials of consumptive and non consumptive wetland resources livelihood opportunities by way of job creation, source of food, source of protein, provision of building materials for constructions, provision of medicinal and pharmaceutical material of plant and animal origin among others. The result showed that the spheres of socio-economic development in Ibeno are not only dependent on crude-oil exploitation but also on the sustainable utilization of other wetland resources in the area. The underutilization is caused by the interplay of natural factors like the swampy nature of the environment, coastal topography lying towards the sea shore with waterlogged and wave action; and anthropogenic forces. Therefore, it was recommended that wetland resources require sustainable exploitation and management for the protection of diverse resources for continuous utilization by all. 06 Jul, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-145.php This website application will automate the major web operations. Everyone busy in their lives that they are finding convenient way to our refreshment, our comfort-zone that’s way there is need to contribute for the Environment Conservation. The software product to be produced is a website application which will automate the major web operations. So we create such website application which helpful to user’s for contribute for the conservation. The purpose of this paper is to contribute for the environment with efficient way that could influence online user’s perceptions and their behaviors, in order to achieve a successful website application. The main motive is to all users have to be more collaborative for this website. This is open for all and everyone can use it, no one is the owner, no one is a worker, everyone is a contributor for this collaboration. 12 Jun, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-144.php The argan tree (Argania spinosa L. Skeels) is a species of great ecologic, economic and social importance in Morocco. It is a multi-purpose tree supporting the livelihoods of rural communities in the south-west parts of the country with increasing interest in using its oil in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. The anthropological overuse combined with parasitic attack and recurrent droughts contribute to the rapid degradation of its ecosystem. The efficient in situ conservation of the argan tree and its ecosystem as well as breeding efforts for the domestication of this species require the development of descriptors for the characterization of the diversity and identification of the argan tree. This work aims to contribute to the identification of key descriptors of the argan tree using qualitative characteristics related to tree shapes, twigs, leaves, fruits, and seed as well as quantitative measures of these same organs. A total of 255 trees were sampled at four sites in four provinces, namely: Agadir, Essaouira, Sidi Ifni and Ait Baha. A total of thirty-one characteristics were assessed. The results showed a high morphological diversity for many of both qualitative and quantitative characteristics at all sites. However, the frequencies of the different classes and the share of variance for each trait vary across sites. The qualitative characteristics were more discriminant especially the shape of the fruit, the shape of the leaves, the leaf surface, the shape of the tree and the colour of the leaves are very variable and have a strong contribution to explanation of the diversity of the argan tree. The leaf area, seed area, number of carpels, density of spines, and branch length explain nearly 42% of the diversity and can serve as descriptors of argan tree diversity which can help in the efficient conservation of the argan ecosystem and in the selection and protection of clones for the promotion of arganiculture. 31 May, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-143.php In this research article author has focused on the issue of ground water and narrated that in modern civilized society the day today usage of ground water for community utility has been raised. As it is clear that due to change in weather condition the predicted monsoon has been changing its seasonal annual rainfall. Furthermore, the it is suggested that a proper technique should be implemented to preserve the available fresh water, which is need of the hour for dry zone like Manur of Tirunelveli district. A suitable techniques has been suggested for real time implementation which is to be demonstrated in a pilot scale. This research work explores all the possibilities to execute the identification of suitable site selection. 25 May, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-142.php The rapid development of the tourism industry in mountainous areas has resulted in intense changes in land use structure and has exerted a strong influence on terrestrial ecosystems. This paper takes Luanchuan County (with typical mountainous terrain in western Henan Province, China) as an example and employs land use data from different times and areas and the binary logistic method to study the spatial variation in tourism land and influencing factors in mountainous areas. The research shows that (1) the spatial variation in land use in scenic spots reveals a chain reaction of land use type transformation caused by construction land expansion, a key driving force of spatial variation in land use and land use type transformation, and (2) the changes in tourism land use types result from human utilization and development of land for economic benefits. The key influencing factors of the spatial variation in land use are elevation, gradient, and the distances to rivers, highways and villages. (3) A plan for tourism land management and control should be established with construction land as the key indicator. 29 Apr, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-141.php Six Napier grass accessions (Penisetum purpuruem) that have been tested and identified for their better agronomic and yield performance at different national and regional research centers were collected and tested at Wondo genet Agricultural Research center under two sets (under irrigation and rain fed) conditions. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. Under supplementary irrigation there was no significant difference (P>0.05) of mean yield and yield components observed among accessions both under fertilizer application and without fertilizer application with fresh biomass yield (t/ha) ranged from 43.73 to 70.24 and that of dry biomass yield (t/ha) ranged 11.54 to 20.32. Under rainfed condition the combined mean analysis for tiller number per plant, plant height, node number per plant and internodes length per plant did show significant (P<0>0.05) difference. Fresh biomass yield (59.11 t/ha) and dry matter yield (16.17 t/ha) for fertilizer application is significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) than fresh biomass and dry matter yield of 40.51 t/ha and 10.51 t/ha respectively for non-fertilizer applied Napier accessions under rain fed condition. Both under supplementary irrigation and rainfed conditions, Napier accessions 14983, 15743 and 16788 responds better mean fresh and dry biomass yield. Hence, among tested genotypes 14983, 15743 and 16788 Napier grass accessions will be encouraged in the study area and similar environment. 20 Feb, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-140.php The main objective of this study was to investigate the spatial variation of heavy metals concentrations released by a Kurdistan cement plant and determine the level of soil and plant contamination with lead, chromium and cadmium around the cement factory in Kurdistan province and adjacent rangeland areas. Soil and plant (Astragalus gossypinus and wheat) sampling was undertaken along eight compass directions; samples spaced 500 m apart at 4500 m intervals along each direction from a location centered on the factory. After chemical digestion of samples, the concentration of the elements was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Accumulation status and spatial variation of metals assessed at different distances from the factory (source of pollution) through two soil depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm). Results showed that soil layer depth, compass directions and distance from the factory significantly affected the geo-accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. The bio-accumulation factor and translocation factor indicated that the lowest accumulation and transport rates of the pollutants in plant species are generally met, with both factors being below 1. The results also demonstrated that the highest amounts of Pb, Cr and Cd were in the surface soil (0-15 cm) at 60.86, 115.38 and 3.97 respectively, in the northerly direction. Spatial distribution of heavy metals was strongly influenced by the prevailing wind direction (from south to north). Heavy metal concentrations reported in this study are ascribed principally to the cement factory and its long years of operation and continual processing over nearly 25 years. 03 Feb, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-139.php Urban agglomeration is a complex movement system composed of natural environment, social economy and human on the basis of city. At present, many urban agglomerations have a large development gap between cities and lack of overall coordination, and some regions and industries still have homogeneous competition and resource misallocation. This makes the regional development of urban agglomeration unbalanced and difficult to sustainable development. By using deep learning and big data methods, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the spatial distribution evolution of the number of enterprises and economic scale in urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, analyzes the mutual influence among urban agglomerations, and discusses the methods of sustainable development. 20 Jan, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-138.php As consequence of global change, there has been an intensification of syndromes such as land desertification in several regions of the world. Plant functioning is threatened by this scenario. Given its importance for sustaining mostly all terrestrial life, a renewed interest has risen in studying the effects of global change over plant functioning, particularly for its role in ecosystem energy fluxes, and as the basis for food, fiber, biofuels and other products used by humans. This mini review attempts to draw attention on the benefits of study the effects of global change over plant functioning under a comprehensive approach. Ecophysiolomics, the merge of Plant Physiology, Ecophysiology and Omics, is an emerging field helping to elucidate the mechanisms, from molecular to population and community levels, underlying plant growth and development, against the effects of global change. By integrating and merging different approaches such as Ecophysiolomics, we will maximize not only our understanding of plant-to-ecosystem resilience, but also, the support and advice for policy makers and governments to better manage the threats and challenges of global change. 12 Jan, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-137.php In this work, using a number of examples, it is shown that one of the promising methods for studying the physicochemical state of matter is Mossbauer spectroscopy with all the variety of its methodological approaches. The processes occurring in the shell of atoms have a negligible effect on intranuclear phenomena, and often turn out to be inaccessible for detection by other methods. Mossbauer spectroscopy reveals these influences. Four methodological approaches have been implemented and an experimental base has been created for observing the resonant absorption of quanta by 57Fe nuclei. Techniques for absorption (MS), Emission Mossbauer Spectroscopy (EMS), Characteristic X-ray Radiation (CXR), Conversion Electron Mossbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS) allow, practically without restrictions on the elemental composition and geometric dimensions of samples (from bulk to nanometer), to carry out studies. 12 Jan, 2021 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-6-136.php The article presents the results of the study of indicative landscape objects of protected areas through the example of the National Natural Park “Slobozhansky” in Kharkiv region, Ukraine. The authors justified the choice of various types of satellite images and optical scanning windows for getting relevant information. The authors also used the original landscape map with more than 200 elementary units (facies). It was compiled at the previous stage of work by means of automated processing of space information (with the training according to standards) and large-scale ground survey of test objects. The method for identifying indicative objects and their characteristics by means of a large-scale landscape photography on the ground with the creation of the database of attributive information has been developed and applied. Indicative local objects were established being appropriate for various components of monitoring; landforms, boundaries of landscape facies; the state of the vegetation cover. It is proposed to use the research results for the design of landscape restoration in the contours of previous years, to maintain the conditions of animal habitats (including 20 animal species from the Red Book of Ukraine). The results obtained are already a small contribution to the establishment and assessment of ambiguous manifestations at the local level of the global climate change. 17 Dec, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-135.php Dilla University Botanical and Ecotourism Garden was established in 2017 for the purpose of biodiversity conservation and ecotourism in Dilla area. This study was conducted to determine the opportunities and challenges for ecotourism development in the garden. Respondents from Odaya kebele, and key informants from government offices, Saron lodge, Dilla University, local elders and youth unions were selected for this study. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, focused group discussions and field visits. The study of community attitude towards ecotourism and the garden indicated as the majority of respondents were familiar with ecotourism and support its implementation in the garden. In addition, the present study revealed flora and fauna, attractive landscape, cultural resources and rivers as the main ecotourism attractions in the garden while diversity of ecotourism attractions, the unique natural and agro-forestry ecosystems of the Gedeo Zone, presence of different cultural attractions and existence of Saron Lodge in proximity to the garden as the top four opportunities to promote ecotourism in the area. As to the result of this study, the low level community benefit, inadequate community participation, absence of ecotourism plan and unsustainable use of resources were the major challenges of ecotourism development in the garden. The study also identified absence of sufficient accommodation and lack of local guides as first and second facility problems in the garden. To address the different problems and implement an integrated ecotourism development approach, involving communities and enhancing their role has been recommended as the key component of ecotourism development in the area. 09 Dec, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-134.php This article submits the analysis of the study of the climate change and its influence on dynamics of the number of saigas in Kazakhstan, which appeared 20 thousand years ago as a mammoth and a rhinoceros. The analysis concentrates on the study of the climate change influencing the mass murrain of antelopes (saigas) from the beginning of a new century. Since the beginning of a new century their quantity has decreased by 3-10 times owing to two factors: epizooty pasteurellosis caused by the climate change and sharp reduction of a genetic variety. The environmental disaster connected with the mass murrain of saigas is caused by full insufficiency of information about the field of the wind (shifts) in the lower layers of the atmosphere. It is necessary to bring the Doppler-radar installation in the obligatory list of meteorological devices by the expeditious definition of distribution of the field of the wind (wind shears) in the lower layers of the atmosphere. Especially it concerns the regions of the way of migration of the population of saigas. Otherwise, environmental disasters due to the dangerous external influence of the environment - fields of the wind (shifts) will continue. In epizooty, the zone during one week had 3-4 norms of a monthly deposit, caused by the change of the western cyclone into the northern one. High humidity, the main factor of the murrain of saigas, causes anaerobic enterotoxemia and pasteurellosis. 02 Dec, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-133.php Aim: Plant invasions are driven by suites of factors in nature. To better understand the success of invasive plants, it is crucial to quantify the relative importance of multiple invasion mechanisms during plant invasions. Location: Eastern China. Methods: We surveyed 300 pairs of uninvaded and invaded quadrats by Solidago canadensis across its entire invaded range, quantified its invasion intensities, and identified the relative importance of 19 causal factors and 11 invasion hypotheses using the multimodel inference approach. Results: The relative contributions of all the 19 factors to S. canadensis invasion varied depending on different invasion intensities, so did the relative importance of 11 different hypotheses vary with invasion intensities. At the low invasion intensity, abiotic factors dominated over biotic factors; in contrast, biotic factors dominated over abiotic factors at the high invasion intensity. The role of S. canadensis-recipient community interactions was highly important. Main conclusions: These findings suggest that the relative importance of multiple invasion mechanisms may be staged in a real invasion. Based on our results, we propose a novel nature-sieve hypothesis, which provides a universal framework for an understanding of successful invasion. 27 Nov, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-132.php Latin American agroecology proposes a transformation of conventional agri-food systems. It is driven by social movements that have succeeded in forming coalitions that have promoted its integration into public policies. These policies involve a range of instruments that are often embedded in programs that also support organic agriculture and sustainable agriculture. However, while these two types of agriculture propose more ecological practices, they do not question the basis of the conventional agri-food system. The implementation of instruments to support agroecology therefore depends on the power relations established within each country. This paper analyses these policies and their influence on the development of agroecology in eight countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Mexico, and Nicaragua. These policies remain fragile, while support for large-scale conventional agriculture is still predominant. Their challenge is therefore to convince more broadly farmers, consumers and policymakers about the importance of issues such as public health and food security. 26 Nov, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-131.php Macroalgae are a sign of degradation of coral reefs. Distribution of macroalgae on reefs is moderated by grazers including fish and sea urchins. However, several fish species including certain parrotfishes graze on live coral tissues, at times causing profound damage. In this paper, the potential role of macroalgae in suppressing parrotfish predation on Porites corals, the dominant coral genus in Qeshm Island, is investigated at three research sites at Qeshm Island in the Persian Gulf between April and July 2014 and 2015. Macroalgae, which were abundant in April, decreased significantly in frequency in July, while at the same time, the percentage of Porites colonies, the frequency of fish bite marks on Porites colonies, and the overall area of live coral tissue, which was grazed by parrotfishes increased dramatically, all of which were only negligible in April (with certain exceptions). Nevertheless, no changes were observed in parrotfish abundance. Despite partially supportive statistical data, because of the observed exceptions, this phenomenon is more likely to be due to other factors, in particular the increased nutritional values of the corals in July in comparison to April. However, to understand the cause(s) and mechanisms involved in this annual phenomenon, more investigations seem necessary. 18 Nov, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-129.php The rapid urbanization of the past decades has forced numerous species to adapt to their new environments over a very restricted time scale. Previous studies suggested that individuals living in urban areas have specific characteristics as compared to those living in rural areas. In feral pigeon populations (Columba livia), individuals living in cities are more melanic than those living in less urbanized areas. In this study, we tested whether the degree of eumelanin-based coloration in pigeons reflects certain adaptations to urban areas such as boldness and tolerance to stress. Hence, we examined the relationship between eumelanin-based coloration and three variables of boldness (arrival to a new food source, arrival latency, and flight distance) and tolerance to stress (breath rate). Our results show that the eumelanin-based coloration of individuals is not correlated with the boldness variables, but tends to be positively related to breath rate in adults. Therefore, eumelanin-based coloration could reflect the capacity of adult individuals to manage stress in an urban environment, but not the boldness. The higher frequency of eumelanic pigeons observed in cities might thus be due to urban selective forces that favor individuals with a higher response to stress than bolder individuals. 09 Nov, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-128.php The following is a policy document based upon 30 years being involved in Sub-Saharan African conservation, advising African Governments, the U.S. Government and the hunting/conservation communities on the major issues holding back the economic development of the region and ultimately the future of its much revered mega-fauna. Ultimately, to save Africa’s wildlife, we must provide a viable future for the people living with the wildlife. Currently, this is not the case. The current situation is explained with accompanying photographs that support these observations. Foreign aid as currently practiced has failed to achieve these goals. Reasons for this failure are discussed and recommendations made so that foreign aid can play a major role in changing the face of Africa by giving its people and in turn their wildlife a viable future. 06 Nov, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-127.php The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted human lives, human activities, and the world economy. In response to curb its spread, pandemic risk reduction measures such as mass lockdowns, extensive travel bans, and mass quarantine were imposed globally. While the imposition of these measures has negatively impacted the world economy, its impacts on the environment could be described as a gain, as the ecosystem appears to be given a rebirth. During the mass lockdown (February to April 2020), air pollution worldwide has dropped significantly precisely, with a decline in the emission and concentration of pollutants. The emission of CO2 globally declined by 8.8% during the first half of 2020. Additionally, both surface and underground water quality have been improved due to reduced industrial activities. Also, there has been an increase in carbon sink due to the decline in global bush fires. In a nutshell, the study recommends that as the world economy recovers from the impact of COVID-19, world leaders and policymakers should focus on measures that improve the environment and the ecosystem, such as the adoption of the green economy, production and use of fuel cells cars instead of gasoline cars and treating industrial effluents to WHO recommended levels before discharging them into water bodies. 23 Oct, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-126.php In a published paper in Oecologia, the authors found that mowing mitigates the negative impacts of N addition on plant species diversity. After reading the paper, their results gave me a chance to think the mechanism of nitrogen enrichment on biodiversity. The most fundamental reason of nitrogen addition decreasing biodiversity is it introduced illicit competition to different species. Maintenance of biodiversity is how many species can obtain living conditions in the certain ecosystem. All control experiments must pay attention to introducing illicit competition to different species. 23 Oct, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-125.php The Tyrnyauz W–Mo deposit was developed by opencast and underground mines until 2003. The assets of the Tyrnyauz Tungsten–Molybdenum Mining and Processing Complex (TTMC) include two tailing dumps: Tailing 2 (housed on the left-hand side of the Baksan River valley, 2 km south of the settlement of Bylym) and Supertailing 2 (a superdump housed in the valley of the Gizhgit River, a left-hand tributary of the Baksan River). The height of the rock-filling dam of Supertailing 1 reaches 160 m. A pond on its top protects the ecosystems from the wind erosion of the dumped industrial wastes. The protecting pond is equipped with a tunnel drainage system, which is used to discharge excess water to the Baksan River, to a certain technological water level in the pond. Shallow-focus earthquakes (with M = 5–7) and/or debris and mud flows are able to destroy the dam, and this will result in the transfer of toxic compounds to the Baksan River and water-bearing Quaternary alluvial rocks in the foredeep, where the river flows into the plain. The following soil contamination sources were identified: (1) Winds continuously blowing along the Baksan valley erode fines where the recultivation layer of Tailing 2 is disturbed and in the beach parts of Supertailing 1; the extent of this contamination varies from hundreds of meters to a few kilometers; (2) Massive blasting operations at the opencast mines before 2003 resulted in atmospheric emissions of dust clouds with ore minerals; this pollutions extends for dozens of kilometers (along the valleys of the Baksan River and its tributaries). The most ecologically hazardous emissions are those of quartz dust and dust with heavy-metal minerals, including sulfides. A method for utilizing TTMC wastes was engineered and patented. The results provide a basis for designing measures aimed at decreasing the adverse load on the ecosystems in the Elbrus area, which is highly attractive to tourists. 13 Oct, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-124.php Background: The cessation of anthropogenic activities in mobile sand dune ecosystems under xeric arid conditions has resulted in the gradual stabilization of dunes over the course of five decades. Our objective was to analyze the spatial patterns of arthropod assemblages along a gradient of different stabilization levels, which represents the different stages of dune stabilization - from the shifting crest of the dune to the stabilized crusted interdune. The study was carried out at the sand dunes of the northwestern Negev in Israel. Data was collected using dry pitfall traps over two consecutive years during the spring along northern windward aspects. Four dunes were chosen, characterized by three significant landscape units: shifting crest, semi-stabilized slope and stabilized interdune. Results: We identified three significant assemblages of arthropods along the gradient. The shifting dune crests are populated by psammophilic species found almost exclusively in sandy habitats in Egypt and the western Negev in Israel. The crusted, stabilized inter-dunes are populated mainly by loess-dwelling species, which are common in most of the Negev loess plains and have a wide distribution range, and the semi-stabilized slopes host species of both extreme landscape units but is distinguished by four species that show significant affinity to it. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate functional arthropod heterogeneity and emphasize the risk of regional species homogenization. Heterogeneity is a key property in maintaining sand dune biodiversity. Homogenization, as a result of sand stabilization, may lead to loss of psammophilic species. 07 Oct, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-123.php Various environmental factors influence the outbreak and spread of epidemic or pandemics which, in turn, can damage our environment. COVID-19 has been declared as a global health emergency - a pandemic on 13 March 2020 due to spread of corona virus. It’s rapid onset, spatial expansion and complex consequences made it a once-in-a-century global disaster. It is affecting 213 countries and territories around the world as on 15 September 2020. Signs of growing inequality because of covid-19 can be detected from cities to countryside. Major ecological impacts will be of three types: 1) a)Temporary improvement in air and water pollution due to lock down implemented to minimize the transmission of the infection, that led to cessation of all economic and production activities and vehicular movements. b) Temporary ergonomic challenges due to work from home (WFH) culture working long hours at home with no proper furniture’s. c) Impact of long hours of screen-time leading to fatigue, redness, dryness in the eyes, headache, and behavioural issues, 2) Long term negative ecological impacts a) arising out of millions of masks, face shields, personal protective equipment (PPEs), surgical gloves needing disposal as they are generating massive amount of medical wastes coupled with poor Medical waste management capacities due to limited investments for the last few decades by the municipal authorities. b) increased demand on water and soap for frequent hand washing or side effects of sanitizers to be used. All these will lead to worsening of physical environmental situation such as shoreline pollution or increased smoke due to the unhygienic disposal of sanitary consumables and dead bodies. 3) Mental health has been emerging as one of the most important concerns since the beginning of the pandemic. This article presents an early overview of the observed and potential impacts of the COVID-19 on the environment. I argue that the effects of COVID-19 are determined mainly by anthropogenic factors. Most Public Health Professionals opine that the impact of mitigating actions taken will continue to have on the future of ecology and the objective of Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Materials & methodology: For this paper the National, State and City wise Covid-19 cumulative infection and death cases data were taken up to 15th September 2020 from the daily bulletins of the MOH&FW, GOI and the National Health Mission websites of State Governments {(https://www.mohfw.gov.in/) & https://covid19.karnataka.gov.in)} and www.health.economictimes, www.timesofIndia.com. Some of the reviews and reports in print media of various institutions working both on the Covid 19 and Ecology. Study setting & sampling: The review covers major states and cities setting. Being the secondary data review available data was used with no sampling. 01 Oct, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-122.php Several studies show that spiders represent the largest biomass of predatory arthropods in different agroecosystems, which added to their habits increase their potential as the main consumer of certain pest species [1-4]. Their constant and abundant presence during all phases of the development of a crop allows them to act as effective natural enemies of phytophagous insects [3-9], due to the ability to colonize different agroecosystems [8,10,11]. 30 Sep, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-121.php Currently 4.70 million ha of forest area lost every year during a decade of 2010-20 which is less than 7.8 million ha yr-1 in the 1990s [1]. The loss of forest areas are also reported as 98 million ha due to fires in the year 2015. Similarly, around 301 million ha (7.0 %) areas of natural regenerating forest are decreased over the past 30 years [2]. Deforestation contributed approx 20 percent of total green house gas emissions which is more as compared to industrial and transport emissions. Around 2.8 gigaton of carbon removal per year has been observed due to deforestation [3]. 22 Sep, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-120.php There are varieties of efforts to arrest the challenges of environmental degradation and promote sustainable development at the domestic and global levels. These efforts are carried out within the context of international politics with its core values of national interest ideology, democracy and liberalism. The outcome of the efforts is still very far from the objectives and goals of sustainable development judging from the global reality where some human activities are still contributing immensely to the polluted land, air and water leading to climate change and consequent challenges to the carrying capacity of the Planet. Within the international system, it has been observed that there are two major arbitrary systems that are vying for control of the world. These are the soft totalitarianism of secularism and the hard totalitarianism of Islam. It is in this light of the above observations that I am particularly interested in asking the question that despite various initiatives on ground thus far and the ones to be designed, can there be sustainable development for humanity?. 16 Sep, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-119.php Simone Weil’s work proves to be inspiring in inducing reflection on the sources of an ecological orientation. Her work, deployed during the years 1930-1940, initiated in a work entitled Oppression et liberté (1934), then in the embodied study of La condition ouvrière (1936), finds its culmination in L’enracinement : Préludes à une déclaration des devoirs envers l’être humain (1949). In this work, Simone Weil, through her participation in the French resistance movement in London, seeks to understand the means of curbing uprooting in the post-war period. She reveals the vital needs of the soul, then explores the mysteries of uprooting, and finally, sets out a method for putting down roots. We propose to continue its reflection starting from the idea of a re-rooting of man in his ecosystem, in order to think of a development from then on rooted in ecological necessities. 17 Aug, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-118.php The use of intra row spacing in crops production has been advocated as a technological alternative to obtain optimum yield increases, due to the better use of resources. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu in Randomized Complete Block Design with three treatments (1m×0.9m, 1m×0.6m and 1m×0.3m) and replicated three times. Data were collected on weed fresh weight, weed cover score, vine length, and number of leaves at 3, 6 and 9 Weeks After Planting (WAP); number of fruits, fruit length, fruit diameter to evaluate weed suppression, cucumber growth and yield performance. The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and significant treatment means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% probability level. Results from the study showed that cucumber planted at 1m x 0.3m spacing had the highest fruit yield (96.33kg/ha) followed by 1m x 0.6m (71.11kg/ha) and 1m×0.9m recorded the least (37.4ikg/ha). While, weed infestation was significantly (p&lt;0.05) suppressed at 1m x 0.6m spacing (6.33) followed by 1m x 0.3m (96.67). Based on the results obtained from the study, it is recommended that 1m×0.6m and 1m×0,3m spacing could be adopted by farmers in the study area for cultivation of cucumber as this give the best yield and suppress weed infestation. Further study is also recommended in other agro ecological zones in the rainforest of south western Nigeria in order to explore the possibility of having uniform planting spacing for cucumber. 13 Aug, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-117.php The study was conducted in three districts of Borana Zone, with the objective to determining the impacts of climatic factors on vegetation species diversity, herbaceous biomass yield of Borana rangelands under commonial grazing rangeland types during end of growing season. The most types rangeland of communial properties are traditional enclosure and continuous grazing rangeland from in where our different data were collected. Within both rangeland types of each districts 20 m × 20 m plots that placed at 200 m distances intervals with three replication was used to collect woody vegetation. The data of herbaceous plant community was collected from seventeen quadrants (1 m ×1 m) that layout in the main plot. The collected data was analyzed by linear regression to determine the impact of climate factors. The herbaceous species richness, diversity and biomass study sites had highly significantly difference (P &lt; 0.001) and positive linear with mean annual precipitation. There is significantly difference (P &lt; 0.05) and negative linear in woody species richness and diversity. Both herbaceous and woody plant species richness and diversity of study areas had a negative linear with mean annual temperature. Climate factors specieally rianfall have a great impact on semi-arid rangeland ecosystems of study areas. Therefore, semi-arid rangeland user should be considering climatic factors to improve productivity of rangeland at semi-arid enviroments. 13 Aug, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-116.php The development of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) is an emerging concept that is being spread in Turkey as a sustainable development model. This study analyzes the improvement of EIPs in Turkey and discusses prevailing problems on transferring Organized Industrial Zones (OIZ) to EIPs. In the study, EIP projects completed by the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology (MoSIT) and other institutions such as Regional Development Agencies, Technology Development Foundation of Turkey (TTGV), Universities, etc. are reviewed. The findings have shown that the potential for the application of EIPs is high in Turkey; however, there are various constraints on implementation. Some of these barriers are organizational and institutional setups, lack of interest of companies, deficiencies on financial sources, inadequate sharing of the good practices and absence of internationally accepted standards. The project titled as “Green OIZ Framework Development for Turkey” was customized to identify a comprehensive Green OIZ criterion, supported by MoSIT and assisted by the World Bank Group (WBG). This project evaluated the existing regulatory framework to create a roadmap for Green OIZs in Turkey. The performance requirements were considered in four key categories, namely, park management performance; environmental performance; social performance; and economic performance. Then, the sustainability criteria for the Turkish OIZs were proposed; however, further work is needed to tailor it and set the targets for the OIZs. 28 Jul, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-115.php A field research was conducted to assess abundance and distribution of species in relation to soil properties in Sedge-dominated Habitats in Uyo Metropolis, Southern Nigeria Systematic sampling method was used. The result of the study revealed that a total of 12 plant species of which 3 were members of the family Cyperaceae were identified in the habitats studied. The Cyperaceae members found were of the genus: Cyperus. Other associated species found were Sida acuta, Scoparia dulcis, Chromolaena odorata, Eleusine indica, Ludwigia decurens etc. The highest density values obtained in this study is characteristic of Cyperus iria in Habitat 4 (9500 st/ha) while the least density value is characteristic of Plastostoma africanum in Habitat 2 (200st/ha). Multivariate correlation and regression techniques evidenced that these differences in density of the sedges reflected the functions of various important soil properties such as pH, exchangeable Ca, soil moisture, total nitrogen and available phosphorus. Most specifically, the current result concludes that Cyperus iria showed strong affinity for alkaline soils rich in calcium while Cyperus difformis and Cyperus rotundus showed strong preference for acid soils. Cyperus difformis, Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus haspan flourished in soils rich in organic manure while Cyperus iria colonies were found thrived on soils with limiting levels of phosphorus This result lends knowledge and practical application in environmental management, weed science and habitat ecology. 01 Jul, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-114.php The object of our research was to investigate the peat mass accumulation mechanism, which reflects on wet and warmer periods, which stimulate the accumulation rate of peat bog production and colder, dry periods, when the peat growth is stagnant. In warm and dry periods, the peat can stop growing. This fluctuation in peat evolution reflects clearly the changes in climate (especially temperature and precipitation). Lake sediment and peat lands represent a large database for recent environmental changes. Changes in the intensity and periodicity of the geomorphological (erosion, sedimentation) and climate variations nowadays happen in a relatively short time interval. During this study the 210Pb dating method is used for dating peat deposits to collect data on peat growth and inorganic material deposition in the recent past, in correlation with microclimate changes in the Red Water valley (Apa Roșie, Covasna county, Romania). 137Cs and 210Pb measurements were performed using gamma spectrometry. 210Po measurements were done for calibration and to validate the gamma spectrometry results. Additionally, 137Cs measurements provided a useful independent time marker for validating the data obtained from the 210Pb dating. Two peat columns were collected from the Red Water (Tinovul Apa Roșie) peat bog from the center of Romania (Transylvania). The obtained results show that the peat accumulation starts from 1820, and in Core A the maximum growth period is between 1930-1960 with an average growth rate of 0.04±0.008 g/cm2y, while the inorganic sediment accumulation has two maximum values, the first in 1830, and the second in 1930, with 0.03±0.009 g/cm2y. Core C clearly shows the warming tendency in the local micro climate, which corresponds to an increase in the growth rate of the peat starting from 1900 from a value of 0.01±0.0009 to 0.04±0.008 g/cm2 y. 05 Jun, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-113.php Two Elephant grass IRLI14983 and local check varieties were demonstrated and evaluated for their biomass traits under diverse environmental conditions of Harari and Dire Dawa. The study was conducted in four kebeles Dodota and Kile from Harari and Wahil and Bishan Bahe from Dire Dawa. From each kebeles ten (10) farmers in total of forty (40) farmers participated in this research activity. This research found that there was biomass yield statistically significance difference at (P&lt;0.01) among the demonstrated varieties. And the yield of IRLI14983 ranged from 6.7 to 12.9 t/ha with a mean of 9.8 t/ha whereas local variety gave the 4.3ton/ha and 9.1 ton/ha biomass yield across the sites as comparison. In addition, Elephant/Napier grass varieties responded differently across the demonstrated environments due to differential responses of the climatic and biotic factors. The highest record was at Dodota (10.62 t/ha) followed by Wahil (9.61 t/ha) in comparison with the rest sites Kile and Bishan Bahe because of field management and other climate conditions. Therefore, it is better to promote to other similar agro-ecology with these sites by Government, Non-government and other stakeholders through their programs. 05 Jun, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-112.php This article submits the analysis of the study of the climate change and its influence on dynamics of the number of saigas in Kazakhstan, which appeared 20 thousand years ago as a mammoth and a rhinoceros. The analysis concentrates on the study of the climate change influencing the mass murrain of antelopes (saigas) from the beginning of a new century. Since the beginning of a new century their quantity has decreased by 3-10 times owing to two factors: epizooty pasteurellosis caused by the climate change and sharp reduction of a genetic variety. The environmental disaster connected with the mass murrain of saigas is caused by full insufficiency of information about the field of the wind (shifts) in the lower layers of the atmosphere. 11 May, 2020 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-5-111.php The object of the research is environmental monitoring, which allows to present the current situation about the environment. The monitoring program aims to gather information for the decision-making process. 20 Aug, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-4-110.php The invasion success of exotic plants strongly depends on soil properties of new ranges, however, little is known about the joint contribution of soil abiotic and biotic legacies to this success. To address the role of soil abiotic and microbial properties in plant invasions and associated mechanisms, we conducted two complementary experiments. 26 Feb, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-4-109.php One of the major impediments to studying wild pangolins has been the difficulty in locating them. In many areas where biodiversity surveys have been conducted, no pangolins were recorded, despite extensive nocturnal searches. The main objective of this survey was to assess the role of ecological factors on the distribution of pangolins in deng-deng national park. The research data collection method used for this study constituted the laying of fifteen 2-kilometre transects in the study area. The collection of relevant data such as pangolin feeding-material signs, burrows, trails, foot-prints together with ecological parameters such as vegetation type, weather conditions, landscape and forest canopy type. The survey revealed that weather conditions and Pangolin-sign encounter rate were significant, χ2 = 6.125df=9 P&lt;0.05. Moreover, a significant association was found between canopy-types and the animal species encounter rate, χ2 = 27.006 df=8 P&lt;0.05. 23 Jan, 2019 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-4-108.php The River Nile delta shallow lakes namely, Edku, Burullus and Manzala are natural wetland ecosystems, connected to fresh water sources at the south and to the open sea at the north. Throughout their relatively short geological and hydrological history, the lakes received unpolluted fresh water from the river Nile. Egyptians have begun practicing some form of water management for agriculture and transportation since about 5,000 years ago. As a result of agricultural and industrial development over the last century, the lagoons have been the end points of the last Egyptian use of the Nile water before flowing to the Mediterranean Sea; currently, the lakes receive fresh water from polluted drains inflow. 22 Dec, 2018 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-3-107.php Lizards are vertebrate ectotherms, which like other animals maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a relatively narrow range in order to carry out crucial physiological processes during their life cycle. The preferred body temperature (Ts) that a lizard voluntarily selects in a laboratory thermal gradient provides a reasonable estimate of what a lizard would attain in the wild with a minimum of associate costs in absence of constraints for thermoregulation. In this study we evaluated accuracy of modified iButtons to estimate Tb and Ts of three lizard species (Sceloporus poinsettii and Sceloporus jarrovii in northeastern Durango, and Ctenosaura oaxacana in southern Oaxaca, Mexico). 05 Dec, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-2-106.php In pollution stressed environment, change in the community structure is reflected in the diversity pattern of the component species. These changes can be quantified as diversity indices, which are useful in water quality monitoring. In this study the diversity and density of macroinvertebrates carried out from the three lakes of Mysore (Bilikere, Hebbal and Lingambhudi lakes) to compute different community parameters and the results are interpreted to evaluate the water quality in these lakes. 23 Oct, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-2-105.php The objective of this study is to assess the hydrography in the lentic and lotic ecosystems. According to this study, the Water Quality Index of lentic ecosystem is highest in the Kukkarahalli lake (106.32), followed by Karanji lake (97.42), Varuna lake (95.73) and lowest in the Kamana lake (94.62). 01 Jun, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-2-104.php Wetlands are one of the most multifunctional ecosystems of the world that provide a range of economical, biological 30 Mar, 2017 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-2-103.php Tribal communities living in the far fl ung areas, including forests and forest fringes, derive a set of inferences and assumptions about the world around them, over the years. The present study, therefore, aims to document such worldview of tribal communities living in the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve of India. The questionnaire surveys and interviews were conducted in the villages dominated by tribal communities and information on their worldview was gathered. Two dominant tribal groups such as Gond and Korku were identifi ed in the study area 30 Dec, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-1-102.php Chemical communications among plant and animal components are fundamental elements for the functioning and the connectivity of ecosystems. In particular, wound-activated infochemicals trigger specifi c reactions of invertebrates according to evolutionary constraints, permitting them to identify prey cues, escape predators and optimize their behaviors according to specifi c life strategies 17 Aug, 2016 https://www.agriscigroup.us/articles/GJE-1-101.php By nature of their size, grouping behaviour, and central position within most trophic webs, large terrestrial herbivores -- namely ungulates and elephants -- tend to be both keystone and umbrella species. Their proportionately large impacts on ecosystems extend both top-down (i.e. regulation of vegetation), but also bottom up (regulated their predators).