https://www.clinsurggroup.us/journals/global-journal-of-obesity-diabetes-and-metabolic-syndrome A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 31 Mar, 2026 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-13-170.php Obesity, especially central obesity, is a well-recognized major modifiable risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the comorbidity of obesity and T2DM has become a global public health crisis with rapidly increasing prevalence. The relationship between obesity and T2DM is not a simple causal association but a complex bidirectional interplay: excessive adiposity, particularly visceral adipose tissue accumulation, triggers a cascade of metabolic and inflammatory abnormalities that lead to insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, the core pathological features of T2DM; conversely, T2DM-induced metabolic disorders further exacerbate adipose tissue dysfunction, abnormal fat distribution and weight gain, forming a vicious cycle. This review systematically elaborates the bidirectional pathological link between obesity and T2DM, clarifies the key underlying mechanisms including chronic low-grade inflammation, adipose tissue dysfunction, gut micro biota dysbiosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and genetic epigenetic regulation. We further summarize the current clinical strategies for the comprehensive management of obesity-related T2DM, covering lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, and prospect the emerging research directions such as targeted therapy for adipose tissue inflammation, gut micro biota modulation and precision medicine. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the intimate association between obesity and T2DM, and offer a reference for the optimized clinical management and novel therapeutic development for patients with obesity and T2DM comorbidity. 03 Feb, 2026 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-13-169.php Obesity is a growing global health challenge, contributing to increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality. Injectable pharmacotherapies, including GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual incretin receptor agonists, have become key interventions for weight management. This systematic literature review evaluates the efficacy and safety of semaglutide, tirzepatide, and liraglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 2015 to 2024 was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and Cochrane methodology. Twenty-three studies (18 randomized controlled trials, 5 observational studies) were included. Tirzepatide demonstrated the highest mean weight loss (20.1 kg), followed by semaglutide (14.9 kg) and liraglutide (8.4 kg). Gastrointestinal adverse events were the most common, generally mild to moderate, while serious adverse events were uncommon (&lt;5%). Injectable therapies are effective and generally safe, with treatment decisions requiring consideration of individual patient factors and tolerability. 29 Aug, 2025 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-12-168.php Introduction: T2DM is a global health concern requiring effective glycaemic management to reduce complications. While DPP-4 inhibitors like vildagliptin and sitagliptin are widely used in combination with metformin, limited studies have compared their efficacy in lowering plasma glucose levels. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating the effectiveness of these combinations in glycaemic control. This study aims to address this gap by evaluating the effectiveness of these combinations in glycemic control. Objective: To compare the glycemic outcomes of vildagliptin with metformin versus sitagliptin with metformin in patients with T2DM, focusing on HbA1c reduction as the primary indicator. Methods: A comparative observational study on 172 T2DM patients (≥ 30 years) was done with comorbidities like hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Inclusion required lab data (FBG, PLBS, HbA1c, Cr, TG) and consent, while exclusions included T1DM, gestational diabetes, insulin therapy, alcohol use, and emergencies. Outcomes assessed were primary (HbA1c), secondary (Cr, TG). Hypothesis: Null (H0): There is no difference in the efficacy of Vildagliptin + Metformin versus Sitagliptin + Metformin. Alternative (Ha): There is a significant difference in the efficacy of Vildagliptin + Metformin versus Sitagliptin + Metformin. Results and conclusion: The study showed that adding vildagliptin or sitagliptin to metformin significantly improved glycaemic control in T2DM over six months. Both combinations effectively reduced FBS, PLBS, HbA1c, and TG without affecting renal function. Vildagliptin achieved slightly better glycaemic reductions compared to sitagliptin with add-on metformin. Both treatments were well-tolerated, with no significant side effects including renal dysfunction or hyperlipidemia. These findings confirm the safety and efficacy of both therapies, with vildagliptin having a slight edge. 21 Jun, 2025 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-12-167.php Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder among older adults. Its prolonged and poorly controlled course promotes the development of microvascular and neurological complications, including peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN), which affects more than 50% of this population. It is characterized by neuropathic pain, sensory loss, and motor dysfunction. Objective: To analyze the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development and progression of PDN in older adults with T2DM, as well as the main diagnostic approaches used for early detection. Methodology: A narrative review of the scientific literature published between 2020 and 2025 was conducted through a critical analysis of 28 articles selected based on thematic relevance and methodological rigor. The search was performed in recognized databases (Google Scholar, Dialnet, Scielo, and PubMed), using descriptors in Spanish, English, and Portuguese related to PDN, T2DM, and aging. Results: PDN in geriatric patients with T2DM is associated with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, including neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, arteriosclerosis, peripheral nerve demyelination, and microvascular dysfunction. Key metabolic pathways are described (protein kinase C, hexosamine, and polyol pathways), along with the involvement of reactive oxygen species, dyslipidemia, and chronic inflammation. Diagnosis is supported by tools such as the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) and the 10 g monofilament test, which show high sensitivity (79%) and specificity (94%). However, in Ecuador in 2022, only 33.3% of cases were confirmed using the monofilament test, highlighting gaps in timely diagnosis. PDN increases the risk of diabetic foot and amputations by 55%. Conclusion: PDN represents one of the most common and disabling complications in older adults with T2DM, driven by multiple factors and pathophysiological processes. Understanding its underlying mechanisms and employing effective diagnostic tools are essential for early detection, comprehensive management, and prevention of severe complications such as diabetic foot. 08 Jan, 2025 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-12-166.php The rapid increase in the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) among patients in China not only poses significant challenges to individuals’ physical and mental well-being but also creates substantial economic burdens on families and society. The pathogenic mechanisms by which hyperglycemia leads to long-term chronic complications, particularly the phenomenon of ‘hyperglycemia-induced metabolic memory’, remain a focal point of current research. This paper summarizes the pathogenesis of metabolic memory associated with hyperglycemia, emphasizing its relationship with epigenetics and recent advancements in the field. It aims to explore new avenues for the precise early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and its complications through translational medicine. 11 Jun, 2024 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-11-165.php Objective: To measure skin autofluorescence in children and adolescents suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus and evaluate its relationship with gender, age, experience, and chronic complications of the disease. Materials and methods: The study group included 47 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Autofluorescence of the skin from the inner surface of the shoulder and nail of patients was measured using an original compact spectrofluorimeter based on the STS-VIS OCEAN OPTICS © USA microspectrometer with UVA excitation. Statistical analysis was carried out using StatsoftStatistica 12.0 software. The data is presented as a two-dimensional array. The UV LED signal was averaged and smoothed using the moving average method with a 10 nm window. Then the spectra were renormalized taking into account the found coefficients. The result of applying additional normalization is a decrease in the standard deviation. Results and discussion: Significant differences were revealed in the skin fluorescence spectra of children of different ages. Between age groups (5-7) and (8-12) is most significant in the region of the alpha band of oxyhemoglobin (540 nm) (p &lt; 0.005). When using I-normalization, the NADH peak region (p &lt; 0.02) is significant with increasing disease duration. When studying the influence of gender factors on the level of skin autofluorescence, the most significant differences are found in the area of only the isosbestic points of deoxy and oxyhemoglobin 442 nm (p &lt; 10-7) and 491 nm (p &lt; 10-8). Significant differences in skin autofluorescence at the reference length were also obtained waves in the autofluorescence spectrum of 500 nm correspond to p &lt; 10-14, depending on the presence of complications. Conclusion: In Russia, as well as throughout the world, there is an increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus. For early diagnosis of changes in carbohydrate metabolism and complications of the disease, a simple, accessible, non-invasive research method is needed. Taking into account the results of our study, when creating non-invasive methods for monitoring the state of carbohydrate metabolism, it is necessary to take into account gender and age characteristics, experience, and the presence of complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus. 17 Feb, 2024 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-11-164.php Background and aims: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that manifests as chronic hyperglycemia accompanied by a dysfunctional metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Several studies have earlier pointed out several complications associated with the disease and in particular, the sufferer’s susceptibility to various infectious diseases. We therefore sought to investigate the adaptive immune status of the condition, as represented by the assessment of CD4+ T cell count among DM patients. Method: Seventy-six type 2 DM patients were recruited for the study. Thirty (30) age and sex-matched, non-diabetic individuals were enrolled as negative controls. Their fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, and CD4 count were assayed using standardized procedures. The demographic and clinical data of the studied group and controls were compared with respect to age, sex, BMI, FBS, HbA1c, and CD4+ T cell counts. Result: The mean concentration of glucose (7.82 ± 2.58) and the percentage concentration of HBA1c (8.21 ± 2.31) were significantly higher in DM individuals as against the control (3.67 ± 0.66) (p = 0.0001) and (5.20 ± 0.48) (p = 0.0001) respectively. The CD4+ cell count was also significantly lower in DM subjects (843.58 ± 297.6) when compared with the control (1067.9 ±195.4) (p = 0.035). Conclusion: A significant reduction in CD4+ T cell level was noted among diabetic patients in our study, which could be a contributing factor for aggravating some of the associated complications in DM, especially those that involve susceptibility to infectious diseases. We found out that having Hb-AA is associated with normal or elevated CD4+ T cells in DM patients; whereas having the Hb-AS variant increases the chance of a low CD4+ T cell count. Assessment of CD4+ T cell count should be included as part of periodic investigations in DM patients, especially for those with unresolved complications, in spite of treatment. 25 Oct, 2023 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-10-163.php Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder affecting millions worldwide, relies heavily on a stable and efficient supply chain for insulin, a life-saving hormone. However, the insulin supply chain faces multifaceted challenges that can disrupt access to this essential medication. In the realm of diabetes management, a novel and devastating occurrence has emerged—a severe shortage of insulin. This case report revolves around a singular clinical encounter that showcases a series of remarkable and uncommon aspects, which can enrich the knowledge of healthcare professionals. The patient’s condition presented several unique features, providing a learning opportunity that transcends the typical clinical scenarios seen in diabetes management. The findings surrounding the unavailability of insulin, the dire consequences it has on patients, and the clinical course and prognosis of an individual patient closely related to previous challenges. The shortage of insulin, though not a new challenge, has now reached unparalleled levels, resulting in life-threatening situations for those dependent on this vital hormone. This case report delves into a unique scenario where an individual patient’s health dramatically deteriorated due to the insulin scarcity, highlighting the urgency for comprehensive solutions and international cooperation to ensure access to this life-saving medication. This case report manuscript reviews the importance of enhancing the resistance and resilience of the insulin supply chain to ensure uninterrupted access to insulin for people with diabetes. We discuss the current challenges, their impact on diabetes management, and propose strategies to mitigate these issues. Strengthening the insulin supply chain is essential for the well-being of those living with diabetes, highlighting its significance for healthcare systems globally. 08 Apr, 2023 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-10-162.php Rapid-onset Obesity with Hypoventilation, Hypothalamic Dysfunction and Autonomic Dysregulation is a rare and complex pediatric syndrome with unknown etiology. The disease hallmark is sudden and severe obesity in early childhood, with a later onset of central hypoventilation, responsible for high mortality. We present the case of a 2.5-year-old boy with sudden weight gain starting after 12 months of age (18 kg in a year) and hypoventilation in the setting of acute nasopharyngitis, requiring Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) initiation. Additionally, he presented symptoms and signs of autonomic disturbance, neurodevelopmental delay and behavior disorders. High prolactin, leptin and insulin were also present. Despite periodic adjustment of settings and adherence to NIV and great efforts to control food intake, he remained morbidly obese and died during an infectious intercurrence at 6 years of age. This case illustrates the challenging diagnosis and treatment/management of this rare syndrome, which can have a variable and not always complete presentation and has no specific diagnostic test available. Identifying hypoventilation and NIV treatment is essential to decrease morbimortality. However, most patients do not live past ten years old. 21 Feb, 2023 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-10-161.php The human body cannot produce omega-3 fatty acids and must obtain them from the diet. There are three types of omega-3 fatty acids that are needed by the human body, namely α-linolenic acid (ALA), Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA). Although studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids cannot prevent or treat diabetes or heart diseases, they did improve the condition of insulin resistance and the level of triglycerides in the body. It is well known that being overweight leads to insulin resistance, which in turn leads to metabolic syndrome. Many animal experiments have already confirmed that long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are beneficial in promoting insulin sensitivity. It inhibits nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NFκB), which is a key transcription factor for gene expression of inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, studies have also pointed out that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids do not improve the function of the kidney’s endothelial cells and high blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes. 31 Dec, 2022 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-9-160.php Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children and adolescents remains one of the urgent problems of pediatric endocrinology. There is a constant increase in disease rates, both worldwide and Russia. The occurrence of pathology in childhood leads to a decrease in the quality of life of patients and their parents, the early development of chronic complications and disability, which makes type 1 diabetes a social problem in society. Despite numerous scientific works devoted to the study of the factors of manifestation of the disease, the causes of the occurrence are still unclear and ambiguous. The purpose of the study: is to identify and study possible clinical and laboratory features of the onset of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents permanently residing in the territory of closed administrative-territorial entities (ZATO). Materials and methods: a continuous cohort retrospective study of children with type 1 DM was conducted for the period from 2009-2019, permanently residing in the ZATO territory to obtain data related to the period of manifestation of the disease. The study group included 55 children from 0 - 18 years of age suffering from type 1 diabetes. Results: Data on the anamnesis of life and disease, and indicators of clinical and laboratory studies (fasting glycemia, postprandial glycemia, average daily glycemia, average amplitude of glycemia fluctuations and glycated hemoglobin) at the time of disease manifestation are presented. A comparative analysis was carried out with the indicators of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia, the obtained features were described. 13 Aug, 2022 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-9-159.php Primary aldosteronism, also known as Conn’s Syndrome, is one of the most common causes of secondary hypertension. It is a disorder of the adrenal glands that is caused by the hypersecretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal glands. 21 Jun, 2022 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-9-158.php Introduction: Bariatric surgical candidates confer an elevated risk of psychopathology. Prior reviews highlight the vulnerability and bidirectionality of psychopathology in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Despite this, current evidence for the rates of psychopathology in people with T2DM pre and post-bariatric surgery has yet to be systematically reviewed. Objective: To perform a systematic review of the prevalence of psychopathology in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus pre and post-bariatric surgery. Results: Seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, from 45,576 studies on the digital search of databases. Conclusions: Scant evidence exists which specifies cohorts of bariatric surgical patients with T2DM and rates of psychopathology. Further research is warranted to understand the risks, measures, and potential interventions for this subgroup. 29 Mar, 2022 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-9-157.php Serum lipid and glucose metabolisms are considered as the intermediary mechanisms for connecting obesity and Breast Cancer (BC). The article aims to identify the linkages between diabetes biochemical factors such as glucose & insulin and BC biochemical factors such as Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), adiponectin, Homeostasis Model Assessment score Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), resistin, leptin. These objectives can be focused on the two separate statistical models of glucose & insulin based on the remaining factors. From the mean model of glucose, it is observed that mean glucose level is directly linked with BC women (P= 0.023), leptin (P&lt;0.001), HOMA-IR (P&lt;0.001), while it is inversely linked with the interaction effects between HOMA-IR & leptin (i.e., HOMA-IR*leptin (P&lt;0.001)) and adiponectin & leptin (i.e., adiponectin* leptin (P= 0.088)). Similarly, from the mean model of insulin, it is observed that mean insulin level is directly linked with HOMA-IR (P&lt;0.001), leptin (P&lt;0.001), and the interaction effects Age*MCP-1 (P= 0.091), glucose*adiponectin (P= 0.043), glucose*resistin (P&lt;0.001), MCP-1*HOMA-IR (P&lt;0.001), while it is reciprocally linked with MCP-1 (P= 0.026), resistin (P&lt;0.001), adiponectin (P= 0.078), HOMA-IR*body mass index (BMI) (P&lt;0.001), glucose*HOMA-IR (P&lt;0.001), leptin*adiponectin (P= 0.071). There are more linkages of the variances of insulin and glucose with the BC biochemical factors. Based on the summarized results it is interpreted that diabetes biochemical factors such as insulin and glucose are highly linked with BC biomarkers such as MCP-1, HOMA-IR, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin. 27 Jan, 2022 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-9-156.php This study investigated the predictive roles of experiential avoidance on the relationship between death anxiety and health-related quality of life among diabetic patients. A total of one hundred and five (105) participants (62; 58.5% females) participated in the study. The participant ages ranged from 21-75 years with a mean age of 53.45 and a standard deviation of 14.44. Participants were drawn using the convenience sampling technique and were administered the questionnaires before their consultations. Three instruments were used in data collation namely; the Death Anxiety Inventory-Revised (DAI-R), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), and the Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire (DQOLQ). Four hypotheses were tested and the results showed that there was no significant correlation between death anxiety and HRQoL (r=-.036), also, experiential avoidance didn’t significantly predict HRQoL (.411, p<.05), experiential avoidance didn’t significantly predict death anxiety (.534, p<.05), while experiential avoidance didn’t predict the relationship between death anxiety and HRQoL (.757, p<.05). The researchers suggest that medical professionals in charge of diabetic patients should look beyond HRQoL and death anxiety in investigating whether there will be an occurrence of experiential avoidance. 22 Jan, 2022 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-9-155.php Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an encapsulated virus with a self-positive-sense RNA genome that is proven to cause respiratory disease in humans. Coronaviruses (COVID-19) are a type of virus that infects the respiratory tract [1]. In most immunocompetent individuals, infection with human COVID-19 results in a moderate upper respiratory infection in the majority of cases. The outbreaks of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Guangdong province, China, in 2003 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Middle Eastern countries a decade later were caused by two highly virulent COVID-19. 06 Jan, 2022 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-9-154.php Introduction: Diabetic patients’ poor adherence to lifestyle recommendations leads to poor glycemic control and associated micro and macro-vascular complications; however most patients have difficulty in adhering to the lifestyle modifications including physical activity recommendations. This study assessed the magnitude of non-adherence to physical activity recommendation and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients attending follow up at government hospitals in Ilu Abba Bora Zone, southwestern Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 19 to May 19, 2018, among 422 diabetic patients attending regular follow up at government hospitals in Illuababor Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, participants were selected using systematic sampling method. Physical activity adherence was assessed using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire [GPAQ]. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with diabetic patients’ non-adherence to physical activity recommendations. Results: The study found that 38% of diabetic patients were non-adherent to physical activity recommendations. The odds non-adherence to physical activity recommendations was independently associated with patients’ sex (AOR=2 (95%CI:1.2, 3.4)), perceived severity of the illness (AOR=1.7 (95%CI:1.1, 2.8)) and self-efficacy (AOR=2.6 (95%CI:1.6,4.4)). Conclusion and recommendations: High proportions of diabetic patients were non-adherent to physical activity recommendations. Evidence based and Patient centered management plan should be practiced. The results imply that integrating lifestyle modification education focussing on physical activity recommendations should be integrated into diabetic care. 19 Oct, 2021 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-8-153.php Background: The rise of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a major public health concern around the world. Most patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have low body nutrients, hypocholesterolemia, and lower values were strongly associated with mortality in these patients. Representative data on lipid profile, fasting blood glucose abnormalities and their associated factors among MDR TB patients are lacking. Objective: To determine lipid profile, fasting blood glucose abnormalities and their associated factors among multi-drug resistant TB patients during therapy with anti-MDR-TB regimen in St.peter’s Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from January to November 2020. Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted among multi-drug resistant TB patients during MDR therapy regimen in St. Peter’s Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from January to November 2020.Using the Consecutive sampling method a total of 162 blood samples was collected in SST tubes and analyzed by using the Cobas chemistry analyzer. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 packages. Simple descriptive statistics were used to present the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants. Other associations were performed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. A p-value of &lt;0.05 at the 95 % confidence level were considered as statistically significant in all the analyses. Results: Mean age of the study participant was 35.9 ± 13.6 years. The prevalence of diabetes was 16%. Out of those who had diabetes (9.8%) was newly diagnosed and 6.2% already knew their diabetes status.The most common serum lipid profile abnormalities were 92.6 % HDL-C and 35.8% had TG levels above the borderline. Among MDR-TB patients, 25.9% had a fasting blood glucose level that was higher than normal (hyperglycemic). Conclusion: Lipid profile abnormalities and an increased risk of diabetes have been observed in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Factors associated with abnormal blood glucose needed attention to avoid further complications and also the finding of this research calls for the implementation of active case finding of DM in patients diagnosed for MDR-TB. 10 Aug, 2021 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-8-152.php Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose level, either due to inadequate insulin secretion or because the body’s cells do not respond properly to the insulin or both. It has multiple aetiology characterised by hyperglycaemia, and disturbances of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat metabolism. For many years it can be silent without any suffering and be identified only when symptoms like persistent weight loss, blurring of vision or nonhealing wound or even diabetic ketoacidosis, stroke, kidney failure, and cardiovascular disease occur. When presented with symptoms of excessive urination, increased thirst, and hunger it is easy to recognize and manage. We present one such Clinical case of a- 54 years old, housewife, reported of excessive urination, sudden weight loss, blurred vision, increased thirst, fatigue, and excessive sweating. She was experiencing these conditions from April 2021 onwards but was alarmed and reported to Punya hospital Bangalore in May 2021. After a thorough examination and random blood glucose check (189mg/dl), was diagnoses as Diabetic and was put on oral anti-diabetics. While the follow-up visit is due next week, she has nearly 70% relief from her symptoms. 10 Aug, 2021 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-8-151.php Dietary health supplements have increasingly used in the prevention and treatment of chronic disorders. During the previous decades, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds have been reported to have hypoglycemic and cholesterol lowering effects when used in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and in experimental diabetic animals. The aim of this paper is to review fenugreek research findings relevant to its use in diabetes. There is convincing research evidence suggesting that fenugreek can improve hyperglycemia and has a protective effective against diabetic complications through immunomodulatory, insulin stimulation, and antioxidant effects, enhancing adipocyte differentiation, inhibition of inflammation in adipose tissues, and preventing or lessening pancreatic and renal damage. Many of the beneficial effects of fenugreek in diabetes have been attributed to four bioactive components including diosgenin, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, furostanolic saponins, and the fiber in fenugreek. 24 Jul, 2021 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-8-150.php Objective: To identify the Relationship between Obesity and Frailty in an old age Population of Sindh, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted in many different hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan in December 2017. A self-constructed questionnaire was used which includes which includes the demographics, health status of patients, the Body Mass Index (BMI) and to analyze the data acquired, we used SPSS version 23. Results: 89.1% (n=339) of the participants belong to age group of 60-65 years and 57.3% (n=216) were male. Moreover, the Majority (n=183, 78.8%) of the participants reported with poor health status. After checking the level of Frailty among the participants, (n=218, 58%) of the participants were found to be frail. Conclusion: This Study concluded that there is significant impact of obesity on Frailty, because as the people ages the level of calcium and vitamin D in the bones decreases, bone become fragile and cannot support the increased weight of an individual which leads to weakness and susceptibility to disease. 27 Apr, 2021 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-8-149.php Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU) is a common complication among neglected management or long-term diabetes in developing countries like India for want of requisite services. DFU is estimated to be affecting approximately 15% of diabetic patients during their lifetime. Other complications of diabetes include Diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma affecting eyes, mouth problems like gingivitis and periodontitis, Alzheimer’s disease affecting brain, diabetic retinopathy affecting hands and legs, Erectile Dysfunction (ED) among men, kidney failures. From the public health point of view, Diabetic Foot Ulceration is important as it is preventable. Globally recommended measures include good control of blood sugar, HbA1c, haemoglobin, blood pressure, and lipid levels that help to reduce amputations up to 80%. Diabetic foot ulcers are common on pressure points like heels, toes, and plantar surfaces. We report a rare case here due to 2 reasons 1. An unusual site 2. DFU development within a short duration of 2 years after diagnosis. A young lady in her late 30’s developed foot ulcer over left lower malleolus because of the pressure point due to the professional practice (tailor) of squatting on the floor to work within 2 years of diagnosis of diabetes. Started as bilateral pedal oedema, that progressed to inflammation and induration of tissues over left malleolus. In a week’s time it increased and started oozing non-purulent exudate. An initial antibiotic therapy gave some relief but recurred with purulent discharge after 2 weeks of stopping antibiotic. A surgical debridement and approximation of the edges of the ulcer was done to facilitate the growth of the epithelium across the ulcer bed. The wound took over a week’s antibiotic therapy after debridement and over 3 months of insulin therapy and regular wound dressing to heal fully. 09 Oct, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-7-148.php Introduction: Dietary adherence, as one of the cornerstones of diabetes self-management, is important to improve glycemic control and preventing diabetes complications, which affect patient’s quality of life as well, impose a large economic burden on health care systems; however most patients have difficulty in adhering to dietary recommendations. This study assessed the magnitude of non adherence and factors associated with nonadherence to dietary recommendation among type 2 diabetic patients attending follow up at government hospitals in Ilu Abba Bora Zone, south west Ethiopia, 2018 Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 19 to May 19, 2018 among 422 diabetic patients attending regular follow up at government health facilities in Illuababor Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, participants were selected using systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using pretested interviewer administered semi structured questionnaires. Dietary adherence was assessed using modified version of Morisky medication adherence scale. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with diabetic patient’s non adherence to dietary recommendations. Odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval and p value &lt;0.05 was used to declare significant association. Results: In the current study more than half (51.8%) of the respondents were found to be non adherent to dietary recommendations.Non-adherence was significantly associated with patients occupation [AOR=5 (95%CI: 2.5, 9.8)], not being diabetic association member [AOR=2.8, (95%CI: 1.6, 4.9)], having low perceived susceptibility [AOR=2 (95%CI: 1.1, 3.7)], and poor emotional support of friends and families [AOR=1.9 (95%CI: 1.2-3.1)]. Conclusion: The rates of non adherence to dietary recommendation were generally found to be high. Model based and family centered educational packages should be delivered, additionally efforts should be taken to engage them to be a member of different membership platforms. 25 Aug, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-7-147.php Background: As the incidence of type 2 diabetes increases year by year, the number of individuals diagnosed with Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) has increased steeply. DN is characterized by glomerular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and atrophy. However, most of the previous studies on the pathogenesis of DN were focused on glomeruli, and now more and more evidences show that tubulointerstitial fibrosis plays an important role in the progress of DN. Bioinformatics analysis can be used in discovering disease-causing genes, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets through global analysis. In this study, we used this method to find and verify novel genes in DN. Materials and methods: Microarray expression levels were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted after Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were identified. Hub genes were filtered on the basis of the result of GO enrichment, and functional analysis was performed by browsing the GeneCards website and the latest literatures. The expression levels of all the hub genes in HK2 cells stimulated by high glucose were verified, and TeNascin C (TNC), which is important and interesting, was verified through animal experiment. Result: The relative expression levels of 54 samples were obtained, and 382 DEGs were identified. 286 GO terms and 100 KEGG pathways were enriched remarkably. Nine of the key genes of interest: MMP7, TNC, LUM, LTF, IGLC1, LYZ, CXCL6, CYP27B1 and FOS were selected and verified in HK2 cells stimulated by high glucose. quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) indicated that the mRNA levels of most of the hub genes were up-regulated and had an accordance rate of approximately 66.7%. In addition, the expression of TNC in renal tubular tissue of STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy rat gradually increased with time. Conclusion: Several novel key genes were discovered and verified in this study, and TNC plays an important role in the renal fibrosis of DN and is expected to be a new therapeutic target. This study provides a theoretical basis and data resources for further research. 09 Jul, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-7-146.php Our previous study indicated that learning and cognition of obese mice were enhanced by germinated Sang-Yod rice intervention. We recently discover that inferior effects of high fat diet on lipid metabolisms and functions of two vital organs, including the liver and the brain are attenuated by germinated Sang-Yod rice. Thirty-two male C57BL/6J mice are divided into 4 groups (n = 8), and distinctly assigned to receive a different diet for 12 weeks, including normal diet (CONTROL group), high fat diet (HFD group), high fat diet plus 20 mg simvastatin/kg/day (POSITIVE group), and high fat diet plus 0.5% germinated Sang-Yod rice/kg/day (HFD-GR group). Biochemical and histological assessments are performed using blood and tissue samples, respectively. The levels of blood glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins for all groups of mice are not different. Increases of low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol concentrations and the albumin/globulin ratio are found for mice fed with high fat diet. The activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase enzymes are not different among these groups of mice. Fat degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and lipid droplets in the livers of mice treated with simvastatin and germinated Sang-Yod rice are reduced. Lastly, cells of the prefrontal cortex of these treated mice are morphologically normal with an absence of microglia. In contrast, microglia is simply observed in this brain area of mice in HFD group. Limitation of high fat in foods should be attended to maintain healthy life. 30 Jun, 2020 https://www.peertechzpublications.org/articles/GJODMS-7-144.pdf Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the linear and nonlinear relations between body composition measurements and weight in obese individuals with Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) Method, which is one of the modern regression techniques, and to ensure the modelling and predictive use of the identified relations. 06 Jun, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-7-145.php In the contemporary society, there are various health factors that affect people, both the elderly and the young population based on their environment and the interconnected risk factors. Based on that, it is necessary to understand and comprehend that metabolic syndrome also known as (Mets) involves a combination of risk factors for glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, as well as hypertension [1]. 05 Jun, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-7-143.php Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity, in particular in young patients, represents a growing clinical and health-care cost problem. Young adulthood obesity strongly increases the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke or venous thromboembolism. Young obese T2DM men have a high prevalence of low testosterone concentrations indicating eugonadotropic hypogonadism. An existing but undetected testosterone deficiency will substantially hamper weight loss or render it impossible. In such cases, returning the testosterone level to normal range is therefore the necessary pre-condition to fight obesity and thus the related comorbidities. 05 Jun, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-7-142.php Objective: This study aims to estimate the overall prevalence of microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes in mainland China, and to identify any associated risk factors. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to collect the prevalence information of microvascular complications over the past 5 years (2014 -2019) in CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed and the Cochrane Library. A meta-analysis was conducted using R3.4.3 following normal transformations given the skewed raw data. Due to high heterogeneity, a random effect model was selected. A meta-regression analysis was performed to investigate risk factors. 11 May, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-7-141.php Diabetes remains the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and with its increased prevalence the risk for Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) continues to rise and has a significant impact on diabetes morbidity and mortality as well as health care resources. There is a clear need to clinicians and patients for new treatments to limit the burden of DKD. Three classes of non-insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) agonists, and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been evaluated in large cardiovascular safety studies in which exploratory or post-hoc analyses shed some light on renal outcomes with these agents. Smaller studies focused on efficacy and safety in patients with T2DM and diabetic kidney disease also provide some evidence of renal outcomes. 13 Apr, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-7-140.php As sedentary related cardiometabolic outcomes have increased worldwide for the past decades, stimulating a physically active lifestyle among younger populations is imperative. Physical education, as a key tool to develop physical literacy (PL), can reverse this global trend using different approaches. Observational and experimental research must be conducted to address the multidimensional aspects of PL. This proposal aims to prepare, conduct research and present results about affective, physical, cognitive and behavioral aspects PL. There should be a commitment to attracting, developing, and supporting outstanding undergraduate and graduate students and postdoctoral fellows through interdisciplinary research and interaction with the private and public sectors. The aim is to promote knowledge for diverse communities so they can understand the importance of PL and can make better decisions regarding physical activity throughout life. 05 Mar, 2020 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-7-139.php Background and aims: Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) is one of the most important metabolic parameters since it accounts for 60%-70% of total energy expenditure (TEE) in a typical population and 80%-90% in a sedentary one. Accurate measurement of REE is essential for weight control, nutrition management, and disease treatment. Though metabolic carts, desktop metabolic analyzers, and portable metabolic trackers are available on the market to address certain needs of metabolic rate measurement, a stand-alone and truly wearable metabolic tracker that can provide comfortable and natural breathing experience (e.g. lacking of nose clips and mouthpieces) for nasal and pulmonary disease-restricted users is preferred. Here is featured a novel, wearable, 30 Jul, 2019 Gene therapy has entered a new era with the dawn of CRISPR/Cas9 technology which though were always available in nature but rediscovered to tame into a real-tlife genome editing tool. With the modernization upsurge and changes in ways the “homo sapiens” survived on this planet from hunger to current era of exuberance has led to multiple metabolic issues like type-2 diabetes. Notwithstanding the rapid emergence of medication to suppress the hyperglycemia and insulin resistance associated with this menace, need has defi nitely emerge to fi nd more personalized and curative dimensions to therapeutics of type-2 diabetes mellitus. 10 Jun, 2019 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-6-137.php Background and Purpose: Sleeve gastrectomy is a major therapy of morbid obesity, but recent reports suggest that its effects on weight loss are improved when patients increase their muscular activity, while a weight regain may occur in more than 30% of patients after 40 months. Exercise is an effective mean of preventing weight regain. In a recent preliminary study, we reported that exercise training targeted at the level of maximal lipid oxidation (LIPOXmax) improved weight loss and weight stabilization at 30 months. This study extends this previous one and aims at describing the kinetics of weight loss on 60 months after sleeve in people performing or not a LIPOXmax training and to see whether this variety of training exerts a satietogenic effect in sleeve patientsas has been evidenced in nonoperated obese subjects. 27 Apr, 2019 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-6-136.php Objective: The aim of this research was to examine differences between measured RMR from a portable indirect calorimetry device and calculated RMR from the predictive equation. Methods: Seventy-nine participants were recruited for the study. RMR measures with the portable IC device were compared with RMR values calculated using Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation (MSJE). Subjects were divided base on body fat %: Group A included 35 lean/normal participants; Group B included 44 overweight participants. 25 Mar, 2019 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-6-135.php Background: Duodenal Switch (DS) is a procedure that combines a Sleeve-Forming Gastrectomy (SFG) plus a biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) for the treatment of morbid obesity (MO) with a higher weight loss and resolution of comorbidities Objectives: Report our experience with 950 consecutive DS operations performed from 1994 to 2016. Setting: Mix of teaching and private institution in a county hospital of Spain. 13 Nov, 2018 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-5-134.php An incidence of diabetes is right away growing everywhere in the world at the startling rate. For the past 3 decades, the prominence of diabetes has been substantially changed, previously it’s been taken into consideration as a minor illness of the aged humans. A gift, it has become the most critical cause of morbidity and mortality affecting the young and center-elderly people. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an advanced situation wherein the frame become immune to the normal outcomes of insulin and little by little loses the capacity to produce sufficient insulin in the pancreas. It is related to regulating lifestyle with strong genetic and circle of relatives associated hazard elements. This overview is primarily based on associated illnesses like Liver elements, the stiffness of intermediate-sized arteries in patients and cardiovascular disorder. Diagnosis and treatment based totally on numerous metabolic pathways and anti-diabetic retailers, control of sickness with social obligation. There are numerous anti-diabetics pills which might be administered orally or through injection, the synergistic effect of a few tablets would be extra powerful due to the complex components in it. The treatment couldn’t simply be energetic and secure, it ought to additionally enhance the satisfactory of existence. 24 Aug, 2018 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-5-133.php In Weimar, on the wall of Albert Schweitzer Museum, there is a memorial tablet which says: “The purpose of our life is to serve, to show solidarity and helpfulness.” The humanist medical doctor, theologian, philosopher, organist could not have expressed more clearly our confession. Behavioral therapy integrates the cure of body and soul, which occasionally show some duality and opposition. 27 Jul, 2018 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-5-132.php The association between Diabetes and cancer has been known for decades with obesity and insulin resistance being postulated as the main underlying risk factors for both disorders. With rise of the epidemic of obesity in the USA and around the globe, there has been a rise in diabetes that is currently reaching epidemic proportions. 16 Feb, 2018 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-5-131.php Diabetes mellitus is recognized by World Health Organisation experts as a non-communicable epidemic and represents a serious medical and social problem. In 2012, suffered of diabetes mellitus about 6.4% (285 million) of the world’s inhabitants. By 2030, the number of patients is expected to increase to 7.7% (439 million people) [1]. 08 Feb, 2018 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-5-130.php Those who live with diabetes must pay attention to its extremities, especially the feet. 12 Sep, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-129.php Aim: The present study was intended to establish the role of bone in grade III obese women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 12 Sep, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-128.php Background and Aims: The awareness of osteoporosis is essential of treatment. We investigated the awareness of osteoporosis in the patients with postmenopausal women in the region of Northeastern Anatolia, Turkey. 07 Sep, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-127.php Diabetes mellitus is commonly associated with gradual onset of visual loss. Reversible acute blindness associated with diabetic ketoacidosis has been reported only once previously .Metformin associated blindness is common in type 2 diabetes patients but in type 1 diabetes patients gradual loss of vision is commonly due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. 28 Aug, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-126.php To evaluate the effi cacy and tolerability of fi xed dose combination of voglibose and repaglinide in postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) in Indian subjects. A non-randomized, open labeled, non-comparative, single-centric, study was conducted in total of 20 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (9 men and 11 women, mean age 69.07 ± 3.495 years). 24 Aug, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-125.php Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a highincidence of malignant tumours. Purpose of the study: Prospective observational study of factors present at initial evaluation of stage 3 CKD patients proceeding from external consultations after two years of follow-up. 22 Aug, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-124.php Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder arises due to absolute lack of insulin secretion (T1DM) or its action or both (T2DM). Alterations in glucose metabolism in DM are frequently accompanied by impairment in the activities of enzymes that regulate carbohydrate metabolism. Liver is a vital organ that acts as primary site of endogenous glucose production through gluconeogenesis or glycogenolysis. 19 Aug, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-123.php Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a current health problem that affects a large number of female population and has deleterious impact on both the mother and the child. 17 Apr, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-122.php This study investigates the effect of utilizing a personalized resting metabolic rate (RMR) mobile tracker based on indirect calorimetry during a 6-month pilot weight loss intervention. 08 Apr, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-121.php Aim: In recent years, skin autofl uorescence (AF), a marker of tissue accumulation of advanced glycation end products, and hemorheology assessed by a microchannel method have been noted for their signifi cance in detecting cardiovascular risk factors. 25 Feb, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-120.php Background and aims: Hypothyroid patients are usually follow-up in internal diseases with endocrinology and metabolism clinics in Turkey. The aim in this study is to determine the differences between these two clinics in terms of reaching the target. 22 Feb, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-119.php Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has become a world problem that seriously affected quality of life in concerned population; however, studies concerning its etiology and therapeutics are not so satisfactory. 22 Feb, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-118.php In the present study, we have followed 4 pregnant women during pregnancy. The participants measured their resting energy expenditure (REE), weight, and activity, and recorded caloric intake. 16 Feb, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-117.php The special tea varieties with purple- or red-colored leaves have been successfully bred in Taiwan and their health benefi ts are needed to be evaluated. 03 Feb, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-116.php Diabetes is a multifactorial of diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels which occur as a result in the body’s inability to produce and/or use insulin. 24 Jan, 2017 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-4-115.php Background: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding LAGB procedures are part of bariatric surgery, it has been reported with favorable risk-benefi t profi le like part of the management of obesity. These procedures are effective at inducing weight loss and improving comorbid conditions, but like all surgical procedures have several complications. 30 Dec, 2016 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-3-114.php The incidence of obesity has been increasing exponentially for the last 30 years, and it is posing a major health issue in the US and worldwide. The 2015 reports by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) in the US indicate that approximately 1.9 billion people worldwide are overweight and more than 600 million are frankly obese, irrespective of genders, races, ethnicities, ages, and socio-economic strata [1]. 28 Dec, 2016 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/articles/GJODMS-3-113.php Autoimmune hypothyroidism may associate with type-1 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known entity as polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type-3. Type-1.5 DM is also known as late onset autoimmune mediated diabetes mellitus of adulthood (LADA) describing as- patients with type-2 diabetic phenotype based on age, not etiology combined with islet-cell antibodies and progressive β-cell failure, requiring life-time insulin therapy. 04 Oct, 2016 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Obesity-Diabetes-Metabolic-Syndrome/GJODMS-3-112.php To the identification of food components that can optimize our physiological and psychological functions. This development, which aims to ensure the welfare, health and reduced susceptibility to disease during life, gave birth to the concept of “functional foods”. 21 Mar, 2016 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Obesity-Diabetes-Metabolic-Syndrome/GJODMS-3-111.php Introduction: Catalase decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Its low concentration could be involved in signaling while its high concentration is toxic. 09 Dec, 2015 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Obesity-Diabetes-Metabolic-Syndrome/GJODMS-2-110.php Cardiovascular diseases are still one of the major causes of death for the people in the world. Biomedical implantable devices are the basic approach on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, unexpected and serious complications can be observed in the case of their usage. Nanotechnology gives a promising perspective to overcome these drawbacks. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have develop superior medical solutions and offer better prospects to patients. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent situation, the benefits and the role of nanocarriers in cardiovascular implant technology. 29 Oct, 2015 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Obesity-Diabetes-Metabolic-Syndrome/GJODMS-2-109.php We report clinical and molecular mechanisms relating the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory process in the development of the components of the metabolic syndrome, emphasizing the cardiovascular problems developed in these groups of patients, especially the Hispanic population. Namely, the incidence, component characteristics and complications of the metabolic syndrome in island Puerto Ricans are described and evidence is presented supporting the fact that the metabolic syndrome may be milder in Puerto Rico than in the mainland United States because it is characterized by less aggressive coronary artery disease and a relatively normal lipid profile. Moreover, data supports the fact that increased serum cholesterol levels produce less myocardial infarctions in Puerto Rico than in mainland Hispanics and Caucasians. 10 Apr, 2015 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Obesity-Diabetes-Metabolic-Syndrome/GJODMS-2-108.php Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosispatients frequently develop a constellation of electrolyte disorders. These patientsare markedly potassium-, magnesium- and phosphate-depleted, but hypocalcemia due to transient hypoparathyroidism was seldom reported previously. 29 Mar, 2015 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Obesity-Diabetes-Metabolic-Syndrome/GJODMS-2-107.php Background and aims: A personal indirect calorimeter allows everyone to assess resting and non-resting energy expenditure, thus enabling accurate determination of a person's total calorie need for weight management and fitness. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of a new personal metabolic rate tracker based on indirect calorimetry, Breezing®, with the Douglas bag method, the gold standard method for energy expenditure (EE) measurement. 24 Nov, 2014 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Obesity-Diabetes-Metabolic-Syndrome/GJODMS-2-106.php Obesity is a major epidemic worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 34.9% of adults and 17% of children and adolescents are obese in the United States. The increasing prevalence of obesity poses a major threat to public health. Clinical and epidemiological data have established that obesity not only links to the development of diabetes, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, but also increases the risk of many types of cancer [1]. Although tremendous effort has been taken to investigate the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated diseases, the molecular mechanisms by which obesity negatively impacts on metabolic and immunologic homeostasisand increases the morbidity and mortality of many maladies remain largely unknown. 24 Nov, 2014 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Obesity-Diabetes-Metabolic-Syndrome/GJODMS-1-105.php Radix Astragali (RA), known as Huangqi in traditional Chinese Medicine, is one of the most popular herbal medicines learnt to treat diabetes. However, its scientific effect and mechanism needs to be established. It has been reported that RA displayed various effects such as oxidative stress, scavenging free radicals, and ameliorating inflammation function etc. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been recognized as a low-level inflammatory disease. Abundant studies have indicated RA could significantly reduce the diabetic inflammation. The aim of this review is to highlight advances of RA on T2DM from the perspective of inflammation. 24 Oct, 2014 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Obesity-Diabetes-Metabolic-Syndrome/GJODMS-1-104.php Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. Nevertheless, the coronary risk rendered by pre-diabetes states such as Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) has not been thoroughly explored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of glycemic status on coronary risk estimated by the recalibrated Framingham-Wilson equation in our population. 15 Oct, 2014 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Obesity-Diabetes-Metabolic-Syndrome/GJODMS-1-103.php Former ketone studies, including ketoacidosis (KAD), fasting ketosis (FK), nutritional ketosis (NK), and exercis-eaffected ketosis have brought great advances to the field of ketones. In the present work, blood, urine and breath ketone detections were evaluated systematically. We found that breath ketone (acetone) is the ketone of choice for detecting early stages of ketosis. In addition, acetone was correlated with respiratory quotient, and found to be a highly sensitive non-invasive biomarker of lipid oxidation. Furthermore, acetone was used for fast screening of ketosis or ketoacidosis in populations, and demonstrated value upon screening a population of 48 individuals, among which a type I diabetes case with early symptoms of KAD and FK case were identified. 22 Sep, 2014 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Obesity-Diabetes-Metabolic-Syndrome/GJODMS-1-102.php Two of the greatest crises that civilisation faces in the 21st century are the predicted rapid increases in the ageing population and levels of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. A growing amount of evidence now supports the notion that energy balance is a key determinant not only in metabolism but also in the process of cellular ageing. Much of genetic evidence for a metabolic activity-driven ageing process has come from model organisms such as worms and flies where inactivation of the insulin receptor signalling cascade prolongs lifespan. At its most simplistic, this poses a conundrum for ageing in humans – can reduced insulin receptor signalling really promote lifespan and does this relate to insulin resistance seen in ageing? In higher animals, caloric restriction studies have confirmed a longer lifespan when daily calorie intake is reduced to 60% of normal energy requirement. This suggests that for humans, it is energy excess which is a likely driver of metabolic ageing. Interventions that interfere with the metabolic fate of nutrients offer a potentially important target for delaying biological ageing. 20 Sep, 2014 https://www.clinsurggroup.us/Obesity-Diabetes-Metabolic-Syndrome/GJODMS-1-101.php Background: One hundred once patients underwent heart transplants due to multiple causes. These patients included 36 females and 65 males whose mean age was 51 years.