https://www.cancerresgroup.us/journals/international-journal-of-radiology-and-radiation-oncology A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 25 Nov, 2025 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-11-156.php This poetic autoethnographic study explored the lived experiences of a rural South African girl with severe myopia as she navigates structural, social, and emotional challenges in the classroom. Radiological and ophthalmological imaging, particularly fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ultrasound, play a central role in the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of severe myopia. However, in rural and disadvantaged schools, access to such imaging and timely intervention is rare, leaving learners vulnerable not only to progressive vision loss but also to educational exclusion. Through six poetic vignettes, the study shows ongoing gaps between inclusive education policies and the realities of rural classrooms where access to vision screening, corrective lenses, and teacher training is limited. Drawing on Medical Humanities, African feminist pedagogy, and intersectionality, the study reveals three key findings: learning with severe myopia is both embodied and socially situated; inclusion is a relational and ethical process; and experiences of marginalization due to severe myopia are structured by intersecting systemic forces. Although peer collaboration, bodily adjustments, reliance on hearing, and narrative reclamation are highlighted as coping strategies for learners with severe myopia, the study presents implications of the study and recommendations for future research. 07 Oct, 2025 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-11-155.php Background and objectives: Dysphagia is a common side effect of radiation therapy for head and neck cancers, significantly impacting patients’ physical, social, and emotional well-being. Validating efficient dysphagia-optimized radiotherapy techniques is crucial for improving health-related quality of life, a key determinant of curative management strategies. This study aims to analyze the clinical and functional outcomes following radical radiation in head and neck cancer patients using dysphagia-optimized radiation techniques. Methods: This single-institution, prospective observational study assesses swallowing function clinically and using objective methods in patients with head and neck cancer treated with dysphagia-optimized IMRT/VMAT. The Dysphagia Aspiration-Related Structures (DARS) were delineated separately, with dose limits set by the DAHANCA guidelines. Clinical and objective assessments were conducted using ENT evaluation, clinical swallow study, UW QOL, and PSS HN questionnaires at 3- and 6-month intervals following radiation. Results: Thirty-nine patients were enrolled, receiving either definitive or adjuvant radiation treatment with bilateral nodal irradiation. Significant differences in dysphagia were observed at 6 months post-radiation (p < 0.01). Grade 1 to 2 (CTCAE V 5.0) dysphagia was noted in most patients at 3 months post-RT, improving markedly by 6 months post-RT. All patients were disease-free at the 6-month follow-up, demonstrating effective local control and improved QOL with dysphagia-optimized IMRT/VMAT. Conclusion: Using dysphagia-optimized IMRT/VMAT reduces the dose to DARS structures, enhancing the quality of life for patients undergoing definitive or adjuvant radiation therapy for head and neck malignancies without compromising local tumor control. 07 Feb, 2025 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-11-154.php Purpose: Nutritional status is associated with the prognosis of esophageal cancer (EC) patients, which can influence treatment efficacy. Additionally, the efficacy of consolidation chemotherapy (CCT) after definitive chemoradiotherapy (DCRT) is unclear. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) at different treatment periods, as well as its influence on CCT efficacy. Methods: We reviewed the data of 106 patients with cT2-4N0-3M0 EC who received DCRT between December 2016 and October 2020. Survival analyses were performed to investigate the prognostic effect of PNI and CCT. Results: The 3-year Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) rates were 41.58% and 49.31%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, tumor location, T stage, N stage, clinical stage, and post-radiation PNI were significantly associated with PFS, whereas tumor location, N stage, clinical stage, CCT, and post-radiation PNI were associated with OS. Furthermore, post-radiation PNI was identified as an independent risk indicator for PFS and OS, and CCT was identified as an independent risk indicator for OS by multivariate analysis. Additionally, we found that PNI detected 60–120 days after radiotherapy may be an ideal prognostic predictor. CCT improved PFS and OS in patients with post-radiation PNI ≥ 41.98, but not in patients with post-radiation PNI < 41.98. Conclusion: Our results revealed that post-radiation PNI and CCT were independently associated with survival in EC patients receiving DCRT. However, patients with low post-radiation PNI could not benefit from CCT, indicating that it is unnecessary to add CCT after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in these patients. 08 Jun, 2024 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-10-153.php The article summarizes the results of the study of the Issyk-Kul coastal zone - exposure dose, total alpha- and beta-activity, radon in the lake water, and soil cover. Our studies have established that radionuclide contamination is mainly natural in some coastal areas (thorium sands of Zhenish and Ak-Terek) and of natural-technogenic nature in the area of Kadzhi-Sai tailing dump. The nature of contamination is spotty, where rocks are enriched and located closer to the soil cover. Gamma-radiation exposure dose rates of the coastal zone of Lake Issyk-Kul by soil types showed that in general at the background level (from 19 ± 3 to 34 ± 6 µR/h) and below the accepted norm. On separate natural-technogenic sites (Kadzhi-Sai tailing dump, thorium sands Zhenish and Ak-Terek) gamma radiation exposure dose rate, total alpha-activity, and isotopic composition are increased from 2 to 8 times compared to background sites. 06 Jun, 2023 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-9-152.php Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It rarely presents in the musculoskeletal system. Primary hydatid disease in paraspinal muscles is very rare. It can be discovered as an incidental finding in radiological imaging. Symptomatic patients are presented with usually symptoms secondary to the compression effect. It can cause dreadful consequences like erosion of adjacent bones, myelopathy, and cauda equine syndrome if left untreated. We present such a case of Primary Paraspinal Cyst with Intraspinal Extension, and its radiological imaging findings, including X-ray, CT scan, and MRI. 30 Mar, 2023 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-9-151.php Introduction: The efficiency of psychiatric therapy depends on various factors and drug metabolism is one of them. The liver plays a significant role in drug metabolism through the P450 enzyme systems. However, pharmacogenetics aims to assist clinicians in determining the effectiveness of a particular drug and minimizing potential side effects. Case report: Here, we present a case to demonstrate the potential use of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice. A 33-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and OCD had symptoms of sexual auditory hallucinations and obsessive images. According to the patient’s pharmacogenetic profile (CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4), the medication started by giving Risperidone 8 mg/day and Aripiprazole 5 mg/day. Aripiprazole was continued at 10 mg/day and then 20 mg/day in the presence of clinical findings. Olanzapine 10 mg/day and Sertraline 50 mg/day were given. In addition, 20 sessions of TMS and 20 sessions of tDCS, which are neuromodulation treatments, were applied. Results: The patient in question experienced some improvement and partial remission following a treatment plan based on pharmacogenetic analysis. In summary, pharmacogenetic testing can be a valuable tool in determining an appropriate treatment plan that maximizes clinical improvement while minimizing potential adverse effects associated with medication. 21 Mar, 2023 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-9-150.php During a routine NRC inspection, a review of historical occupational dosimetry monitoring data for interventional radiology physician AUs was questioned regarding unexpectedly low results. This was interpreted to be an indicator of noncompliance with the wearing of occupational dose monitoring devices and, therefore, required occupation dose reconstructions in order to estimate the actual dose. In an effort to comply with dose monitoring requirements, the AU interventional radiologists diligently began wearing their whole-body and ring dosimeters during all procedures including Y-90, fluoroscopy-guided and CT-guided. In the interest of patient care, an AU that performs many interventional CT-guided procedures involving the use of a cumbersome treatment device, placed his hand in the CT beam on numerous occasions to stabilize the device. This quickly resulted in a cumulative extremity exposure that exceeded allowed limits. Once we became aware of the extremity over-exposure, steps were taken to prevent any further significant extremity exposure for the remainder of the year. The over-exposure was reported to the NRC and State following regulatory requirements. 06 Jan, 2023 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-9-149.php Conventional Head and Neck cancer treatment with primary surgical intervention is a relatively suffering manipulation because of causing severe facial deformity, and mastication malfunction, and resulted in a very poor quality of life for the patients afterward. And post-operation adjuvant therapy with combined modality treatment with Concurrent Chemo-Radio Therapy (CCRT) has been recommended approach for H&N cancer for decades too. But it is also relatively more toxic to the patient, and further severely disrupts patients’ quality of life due to systemic side-effects caused by intravenous cytotoxic drug delivery. Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy is another option for CCRT because of not only a better tumor response documented, and also bonus a better quality of life improvement. The demonstrated H&N cancer patient approaching with Intra-Arterial Concurrent Chemo-Radio Therapy (IACCRT) showed a very satisfactory curative outcome. Besides the much better quality of life for the patient was conserved, it also bonuses to restore the patient’s dignity of life when compared to the conventional suffering surgical intervention. Such highly humanize IACCRT treatment modality for H&N cancer patients should be recommended and encouraged in clinical practice. 11 Oct, 2022 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-8-148.php Medulloblastoma is the most prevalent malignant brain tumor in children, accounting for roughly 15% to 20% of all malignancies of the Central Nervous System (CNS), for 40% of childhood, tumors are in the posterior fossa. Medulloblastoma is a heterogeneous combination of several subgroups with discrete characteristics, rather than a homogeneous illness. Genomic profiling of medulloblastomas revealed that the medulloblastoma may be further divided into four separate molecular subgroups. In this review, we aim to focus on the current state of understanding of the molecularity of the disease with a focus on genomic events that define the aforementioned subgroups and an overview of the molecular subtype of medulloblastoma upon discussing the following points (i) introduction to medulloblastoma and basic classification of the molecular subtype of medulloblastoma followed by their prevalence, age and gender discrimination, and specific molecular characterization. (ii) specific MRI features of the locality of a molecular subtype of medulloblastoma (iii) finally MRI distinguishable features for the identification of the specific molecular type. This review will enhance your knowledge regarding the subtype of medulloblastoma and the role of MRI in the identification of these subtypes. 07 Apr, 2022 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-8-147.php Rosai-Dorfman disease is an uncommon benign non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis proliferative disorder. It commonly involves the lymph nodes and is classically presented with massive cervical lymphadenopathy. It can also involve the extra-nodal sites of the body and is reported in 43% of Rosai-Dorfman disease cases. The central nervous system is rarely involved in Rosai-Dorfman disease from which intra-cranial is more common than spinal lesions. An isolated dural-based intra-cranial Rosai-Dorfman disease is extremely rare. It usually mimics meningioma on radiological imaging. It is very difficult to diagnose the Rosai-Dorfman disease on imaging and intra-operative appearances of the lesion. We present a histopathologically proven case of an isolated Rosai-Dorfman disease involving the central nervous system in 49 years old female patient which was radiologically mimicking the meningioma. 07 Apr, 2021 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-7-146.php Objective: The aim of this study was to acquire the SUVs for each segment of the vertebral body to explore the rationale for the large variability of the SUVs in normal vertebrae. Methods: This retrospective study was performed using the images and data from 39 cancer patients who underwent bone SPECT/CT scans with Tc-99m MDP. The SUVmax and SUVmean of the anterior, middle, posterior; left, middle, right; top, middle, and lower of the lumbar vertebrae 1~5, were calculated. The continuous variables were represented by the median values (Q1,Q3), and the differences among various segments were analyzed by Friedman’s nonparametric test. The pairwise comparison between groups was corrected by the Bonferroni method. The P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, 39 patients (31 women and 8 men; mean age, 54.79±9.12 years; age range, 39–71 years) were elucidated. The SUVmax of the L1 and L3 vertebral bodies’ parts were significantly different from those of the other portions of the same lumbar vertebra. The SUVmax of the lower posterior portion of the L1 vertebral body was significantly different from that of the upper posterior portion. There were significant differences in the SUVmax between the upper and lower portions, middle and lower portions in the middle of the L3 vertebral body. The SUVmean of the lower posterior portion of L1 and L2 vertebral were significantly different from those of the upper posterior portion. There were significant differences in the SUVmean between the upper and lower portions of the middle of the L3 vertebral body. There were significant differences among the SUVmax and SUVmean of the right, and middle of the vertebral body except for the L2 vertebral body. There were significant differences among the SUVmax and SUVmean of the anterior, middle segments of the lumbar vertebrae body, and the SUVmax of the anterior and posterior parts of the L2 vertebral body, and the SUVmean of the middle and posterior parts of the L1 vertebra. The SUVmax of the middle and posterior portions of the L3～L5 vertebral body, and the SUVmean of the L1～L3, and L5 lumbar vertebrae had significant differences. Conclusion: The difference in the bone metabolism of the lumbar vertebral body is caused by the variation in the horizontal direction of the vertebral body. The bone metabolism in the vertical direction of the lumbar vertebrae has more uniformity. As a quantitative imaging measure, the SUVs might require standardization with adequate reference data to minimize the variability in the participants. 23 Mar, 2021 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-7-145.php Objective: To discuss how the results of internal mammary lymph node biopsy at the time of autologous flap reconstruction in both the immediate and delayed setting may impact breast cancer treatment and the aesthetic outcome of autologous mastectomy reconstruction. Background: The internal mammary vessels are primary recipient vessels for autologous breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps. During exposure and preparation of recipient vessels, the internal mammary lymph nodes when discovered are submitted to pathology. We have found in some patients, these internal mammary lymph nodes return positive results in patients with clinically and histologically negative axillary nodes and negative preoperative MRI/PET scan imaging. We wished to examine if these results had an impact on the radiation or chemotherapy management of the patients post-operatively. We have also sought to provide long-term follow-up on patients who have been found to have positive internal mammary lymph nodes. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients with breast cancer who underwent autologous breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps. A specific chart review was performed on all patients found to have a positive result at the time of internal mammary lymph node biopsy. Results: Between 2008 and 2020 a total of 18 patients with positive internal mammary lymph nodes were identified after internal mammary recipient harvest and visible lymph node biopsy. In three cases the internal mammary lymph node was positive when the axilla was negative. In 3/18 (16%) cases the patient’s stage was changed based on the incidental findings of the internal mammary nodes. Positive results changed post-operative radiation management in all patients. In only 1/16 (6%) cases was there suspicion on preoperative MRI. There were no instances of pneumothorax or other serious complications associated with the internal mammary lymph node biopsy. Conclusions: Incidental internal mammary lymph node biopsy performed during microvascular autologous breast reconstruction may prove positive for metastatic spread despite negative pathology results of the axillary lymph nodes. This may be seen even in patients with a normal pre-op MRI. Internal mammary node biopsy is feasible without serious adverse events when performed at the time of recipient vessel dissection. If preoperative imaging or intraoperative direct examination of the internal mammary nodes raises suspicion, frozen section evaluation may change flap harvest selection to acquire more perforators and potentially alter flap inset to protect the autologous flap from the adverse effects of radiation. 26 Feb, 2021 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-7-144.php Today, WiFi radiofrequencies exposure is becoming almost unavoidable. Besides, aluminum is widely used in daily life despite its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases onset. In this study, we investigated the effects of a 14 day exposure to WiFi radiation for 2 hours a day and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) at 200mg/Kg/day alone and associated on behavior, oxidative stress, oligoelements homeostasis and metals accumulation in the brain of rats. Results showed that WiFi radiation alone induced anxiety. Aluminum administration triggered anxiety, locomotor deficits and exploratory behavior impairments. WiFi radiation and aluminum association impaired emotional and exploratory behavior. At biochemical level, WiFi and aluminum co-exposure induced cerebral oxidative stress compared to other experimental groups. Moreover, aluminum intake increased cerebral aluminum content. WiFi radiation coupled with aluminum increased cerebral aluminum, iron and cadmium contents compared to control, WiFi and Aluminum groups, and lead content compared to WiFi and Aluminum groups. Our results reveal that WiFi radiation and aluminum, especially when associated, are harmful for the brain. Thus, it is prominent to limit the exposure to WiFi radiation and aluminum for healthy nervous system. 05 Feb, 2021 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-7-143.php Introduction: External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT), a type of whole breast radiation therapy, has been widely used in patients with early-stage breast cancer, however it is associated with longer treatment periods and higher toxicity. Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) has emerged as an alternative, reducing treatment times, however, there is uncertainty about its effectiveness and safety. Objective: To assess the effects of IORT on low-risk early-stage breast cancer in comparison to EBRT. Methods: We searched in Epistemonikos, a database of systematic reviews, to identify the available evidence evaluating the benefit of IORT on these patients. We extracted data of primary studies from relevant systematic reviews. Data were reanalyzed and a meta-analysis, using evidence of randomized trials, was conducted. Results are reported trough a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. Results and conclusions: We identified eight systematic reviews including seven primary studies overall, of which two were randomized trials. We concluded that IORT slightly reduces adverse events and probably increases the local recurrence rate in comparison with EBRT. 05 Nov, 2020 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-6-142.php Structural radiation shielding calculations for diagnostic X-ray facilities is most commonly performed using the recommendations of National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report No. 49 which continues to be the primary guide for diagnostic x-ray structural shielding design for a while. Many changes have occurred over the years that have caused the NCRP Report 49 calculation methodology to become essentially obsolete in that it did not address technology advances in Radiology. The methodology was remedied with the release of NCRP Report No. 147 by enabling shielding designers to, in part, specify effective barriers to diagnostic radiation environments. The NCRP Report 147 methodology for calculating radiation shielding requirements depend greatly on the shielding design goals (P) where a proposed design limit for controlled and uncontrolled areas is reduced to NCRP Report 49 levels. Further, the methodology most likely uses the concept of “dose constraint” in radiation installations as shielding design goals for the purpose of safety and protection optimization for occupational workers and the public. The previous NCRP Report 49 uses a very conservative approach in the assumption and methodology, which in return yielded with barriers much thicker than what is required in diagnostic facilities. In this context, Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation (FANR), the nuclear and radiological regulator for the United Arab Emirates, recently published software which developed by authors for performing radiation shielding calculations based on an algebraic computation model and the given fitting factors provided by NCRP Report No. 147. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), has taken interest to independently validate the codes of the software; and praise the functionality of the tool. The software performs shielding calculations in an effective, easy, and reliable way while being a cost-effective and a timesaving tool. 10 Oct, 2020 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-6-141.php Objectives: There are significant worldwide variations in the use of Computed Tomography (CT) scan for postoperative surveillance of patients after curative treatment for colorectal cancer. The NICE (National Institute of Clinical Excellence) guidelines (CG131/NG151) recommends the use of 2 CT scans of chest, abdomen and pelvis in the first three years following curative resection. Our hospital policy was to perform a third scan at five years prior to discharge from follow-up. This study aimed at determining the oncological benefit of the additional scan at 5-years post-surgery. This current audit result will adds evidence to the planned introduction of stratified follow-up. Method: Retrospective analysis of CT scans performed at five years post curative resection for colorectal adenocarcinoma in a single UK Trust, between December 2015 and December 2018. Results: A total of 200 consecutive patients (133 male, 67 female; median age 73 years) were reviewed. No patients (0%) were found to have new colorectal recurrence at Year-5 scan. One patient underwent an expedited CT scan for symptoms and presence of suspicious findings on previous CT scans. The calculated sensitivity of CT scan for excluding colorectal recurrence was 100% with a specificity of 97.5% Conclusion: The additional Year-5 CT scan beyond NICE recommended two scans did not demonstrate any significant clinical benefit in the detection of recurrence or metastatic colorectal cancer. In addition, CT scans expose patients to additional radiation risks and adds further burden to a resource-limited NHS. 07 Sep, 2020 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-6-140.php Objective:​ The purpose of this paper is to discuss how autologous flap reconstruction following mastectomy can serve as a unique opportunity for patients with breast cancer to reduce their risk of recurrence through weight reduction in the pre-operative, intraoperative and postoperative phases of healing. Background: Autologous mastectomy reconstruction with tissue from the lower abdomen is common. Patients, with breast cancer, who test positive for the BRCA gene are known to have a survival benefit from prophylactic mastectomy. It is also known that satisfaction for autologous breast reconstruction is high in the patient population with a high body mass index (BMI). This population has the unique opportunity to further reduce their risk of breast cancer through weight loss. Methods: Prior to surgery, our patients are instructed to consume a high protein diet intake on the magnitude of 1-2 grams per/kg of body weight which was on average 80-100 grams of protein per day. A case report chart review was conducted on a breast cancer patient who underwent autologous breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flaps. The patient had a high body mass index on the initial presentation of their breast cancer diagnosis. After the bilateral mastectomies, the patient lost additional weight after the completion of autologous flap reconstruction. Results: Our patient with a high body mass index, who underwent bilateral mastectomy with autologous flap reconstruction, was followed between 2018 and 2020. Aesthetic outcome and weight loss following reconstruction was evaluated at various time points. Weight loss, as documented in chart review and patient report, was examined as well as before and after photographs post autologous flap reconstruction. Conclusions: Bilateral mastectomy is a common procedure and typical among patients with BRCA positivity or other strong family history of breast cancer. Although mastectomy reduces the risk of recurrence, the risk reduction is not zero. Breast cancer patients often wish to complete all possible modalities to reduce their risk of recurrence. We have found that weight loss is often a controllable risk factor that patients often choose to pursue. 04 Jun, 2020 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-6-139.php Sex cord ovarian tumours are rare tumours that develop in non-germinal ovarian cells. The pathogenesis of these tumours remains undetermined and several cellular and molecular alterations may be involved in the development of juvenile granulosa cell tumours. The individualization of juvenile granulosa cell tumors has been a major advance in the treatment of these tumors in children over the past two decades. However, their natural history is reported in the literature and through a short and reliable series, prognostic factors have to be established. We report two cases of an 8 and 11 year old girl who presented with an abdomino-pelvic mass gradually increasing in size, on surgical exploration found a huge abdominal mass of the ovary. An anatomopathological study with immunostaining of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of a Juvenile granulosa cell ovarian tumor. 18 May, 2020 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-6-138.php The aim of this review is to provide an overview concerning the effect of one type of ionization radiation (e.g. gamma ray) on DNA considering three axes. 13 May, 2020 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-6-137.php Introduction: Fibromyxomas are very rare benign tumors of the head and neck region. They are characterized by the replacement of normal bone by a fibrous cellular stroma. These tumors are slow-growing benign lesions, which may cause extensive local destruction with a tendency to recurrence after surgical excision. 10 Feb, 2020 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-6-136.php Purpose: Failure rates of patient-specific Quality Assurance tests in intensity modulated external beam radiation therapy are known to be correlated with both the degree of modulation and Monitor Units (MU). Our goal is to examine if this remains true for Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT). Methods: We have analyzed the pass rates for 118 VMAT patient-plans for prostate cancer by examining the Gamma Index (GI) of two-dimensional portal dose distributions. 06 Feb, 2020 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-6-135.php Ganglioglioma is one of the common tumour responsible for refractory temporal lobe epilepsy in children and young adults. Positioned in the group glioneural tumours, it is mostly of low grade histology. Here we outline a rare case of intraventricular ganglioglioma at atypical location with atypical morphology, lacking its most classical symptom of epilepsy. 31 Dec, 2019 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-5-134.php Pediatric brain tumors are the most common solid tumors that develop in children second only to leukemia. They also account for the most cancer deaths in this patient population [1]. 7% of all the brain tumors that were diagnosed between 2006 and 2010 in the United States were in patients younger than 20 years of age [2]. Infratentorial tumors account for 45%-60% of brain tumors in children [3]. Some of the most common pediatric posterior fossa tumors are medulloblastoma, ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors. Medulloblastoma will be discussed in this paper. 25 Nov, 2019 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-5-133.php Purpose: To present a fi lm calibration technique that uses a few stereotactic cone irradiations on a single strip of fi lm to generate the cone’s dose profi le, and its application to the commissioning of stereotactic cones in radiation oncology. 06 Mar, 2019 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-5-132.php This case report aimed to evaluate the sonographic usefulness of gray-scale transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), transabdominal prostate ultrasound (TAPUS) and post-void residual (PVR) urine volume in the detection of an enlarged prostate. Benign prostate hypertrophy(BPH) is a common complaint in older men with clinical outcomes such as urinary hesitancy, bladder distention, and other signs of bladder outlet obstruction. The case presented describes a patient with urinary symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate and bladder obstruction. The results show that an enlarged prostate and bladder disease may be evaluated using post-void residual urine measurement of the bladder, abdominal prostate ultrasound and evaluation of the prostate using the transrectal ultrasound method. This case report will make an essential contribution to the existing literature and can enhance positive social changes by providing an in-depth understanding of the diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound technology in the evaluation of BPH. 23 Aug, 2018 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-4-131.php Background: Accurate and reproducible patient positioning is fundamental to the success of fractionated radiotherapy. To achieve accurate daily treatment delivery, various immobilization devices are used in radiotherapy departments. At ORCI the mostly used immobilization devices for radiotherapy treatment of head and neck cancer patients are thermoplastic mask and LS-2000. However, the effectiveness and accuracy of these immobilization devices in daily set-up is not known. This study was performed to evaluate accuracy and reproducibility of patient setup for both thermoplastic mask and LS-2000 devices, during irradiation of head and neck tumors. 22 Aug, 2018 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-4-130.php Emerging data that radiotherapy can potentially convert the patient’s own tumor into an in situ vaccine have raised significant interest for testing radiation in combination with immunotherapy. Moreover, the immune responses to localized irradiation may be the mediator of systemic effects (called the abscopal effect). 16 Jul, 2018 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-4-129.php Purpose: Palliative radiotherapy schedule for inoperable Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) will evaluated in terms of palliation of cancer-related symptoms and acute toxicities. Materials and Methods: This study included fifty patients with inoperable SCCHN. All patients received 30 Gy / 10 fractions / 5 fractions per week. Treatment-related toxicity was assessed using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. Cancer-related symptoms were assessed before starting and at the completion of radiotherapy. Tumor response rate was evaluated by standard WHO criteria. 02 Jul, 2018 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-4-128.php In the United Kingdom since the late 1990s there has been both a shortage of and falling level in recruitment of breast radiologists/radiographers. Specimen radiography is a widely used intra-operative adjunct to aid margin assessment in patients undergoing wide local excision for early stage breast cancer. Aim: This study looks to determine accuracy and congruence of radiological intra-operative margin assessment by surgeon and consultant radiographer against the gold standard of histological assessment. 10 Apr, 2018 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-4-127.php Objective: This study aimed to perform the quantitative measurement based on the standardized uptake value (SUV) of Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) in normal pelvis using a single-photon emission tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) scanner. 15 Mar, 2018 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-4-126.php Checkpoint inhibitors demonstrate salutary anticancer effects, including long-term remissions. PD-L1 expression/amplification, high mutational burden, and mismatch repair deficiency correlate with response. Champiat et al for the first time described a small subset of patients that could actually have tumor growth accelerated when given PD1/PDL1-targeting agents. 29 Jun, 2017 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-3-125.php Cellulitis and other infections are common in cancer patients, especially patients who are immunosuppressed following chemotherapy. When patients do not respond to antimicrobial therapy as expected, it is imperative for clinicians to consider other treatment-related conditions in the differential diagnosis. 31 May, 2017 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-3-124.php Background: Myocardial perfusion single- photon emission computed tomography (MP-SPECT) plays a key role in the management of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). However, Infrequently, MP-SPECT is non-diagnostic or equivocal. 01 Feb, 2017 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-3-123.php Lipomas are the most common lesions in subcutaneous tissues. Fibrolipomas are a rare subtype of lipomas. A patient with the mass growth on the left shoulder within 1 year applied to hospital and a large sized fi xed mass was detected on the localization. 27 Jan, 2017 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-3-122.php Ectopic intrathyroidal thymus is caused by a hesitate in the migration of thymus during embryogenesis and is a rare cause of a nodular intrathyroidal lesion. Nodular thyroid lesions raise the suspicion of malignancy in the pediatric age group. 25 Jan, 2017 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-3-121.php Splenosis is the autoimplantation of ectopic spleen tissue resulting heterotopic auto-transplantation and implantation of splenic tissue after splenic ruptur caused by trauma or splenectomy. 24 Jan, 2017 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-3-120.php Currently, many interventionalists employ either tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase, Genentech, San Francisco, CA), or recombinant plasminogen activator (reteplase, Chiesi USA, Inc., Cary, NC), for peripheral thrombolysis. 07 Jan, 2017 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-3-119.php Background: Intraoral adenoid cystic carcinoma is an uncommon pathology with a variable clinical course, it develops as a slow growing swelling characterized by wide local infi ltration. Most patients are in their fourth and sixth decades of life, and females are slightly more affected than males. 30 Dec, 2016 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-2-118.php Objective: To describe imaging features of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) with pathologic correlation. 30 Dec, 2016 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-2-117.php Aim: To keep the cervical canal dilated after the fi rst high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy fraction to avoid general anesthesia during subsequent applications. 29 Nov, 2016 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-2-116.php Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a specific type II membrane glycoprotein. We present the case of a 72-year-old man with newly diagnosed prostate cancer who had a 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan for staging. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT images showed moderate uptake in the right hemithorax, corresponding to pleural thickening seen on the CT images. 05 Jul, 2016 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-2-115.php Primary MALT lymphoma of the eyelids is a rare disease; chronic infection by Chlamydophila psittaci has been identified as a possible causative agent, but other pathogens may be implicated such Hepatitis C virus and Helicobacter Pylori. 22 Jun, 2016 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-2-114.php Aim: provide evidence concerning advantages of volumetric modulated arc therapy over intensity modulated radiation therapy. 22 Jun, 2016 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-2-113.php Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a congenital malformation that can occur in isolation or in association with other neurological conditions. However, to our knowledge, no cases of ACC associated with persistent primitive olfactory artery (POA) have been reported. 16 May, 2016 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-2-112.php Background: Simple software extensions to already existing software-infrastructure can monitor treatment results, increase patient safety and enhance patient comfort in a very cost-effective way. 23 Jan, 2016 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-2-111.php The output of radiotherapy Linear Accelerators (Linacs) is calibrated following national or international protocols like TG-51 by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine [1] or TRS-398 by the International Atomic Energy Agency [2], annually on or before the anniversary date of the commissioning of each Linac. 18 Jan, 2016 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-2-110.php Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen during pregnancy. Our study was conducted to review our experience and diagnostic accuracy with MRI during pregnancy and clinical outcomes over a two year period. All pregnant women who underwent an MRI examination of the abdomen between January 2008 and January 2010 at Spectrum Health hospitals were included in the study. 09 Jan, 2016 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-2-109.php bdominal-pelvic masses are often described in children and make dread malignancy. In adults or in the elderly, these masses are less documented and are rarely bulky and therefore rarely the cause of abdominal pelvic distension. We report 02 cases of abdominal-pelvic masses encountered in subjects aged 76 and 91 years explored on the computed tomography (CT) with the aim to emphasize the contribution of CT in the diagnosis of large abdominal-pelvic masses in the elderly in sub Saharan Africa. 30 Dec, 2015 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-1-108.php Objective: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a biological process characterized by de novo bone formation in tissues which should not undergo ossification in normal condition. Frequently, it is a complication that occurs after head injuries, spinal cord injuries, cerebrovascular events, burns, fractures, dislocations and joint replacements. 10 Dec, 2015 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-1-107.php Percutaneous spine biopsy has widely replaced open biopsy during the last 50 years. Closed biopsy is more cost effective, less invasive, and has fewer complications than open procedures. A literature search was conducted in PubMed for percutaneous spine biopsy. The contributing factors to the success of the biopsy were identified by reviewing the articles and their references. These factors included location and type of lesion, needle system and use of different modalities of imaging as well as the physician’s expertise. 08 Dec, 2015 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-1-106.php he purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and significance of incidental findings on pediatric oncologic PET/CT. A retrospective analysis of all PET/CT scans obtained at Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital between 2004-2008 in pediatric oncology patients was performed. Specific data points for study including DOB, primary diagnosis, secondary diagnosis, treatment status (chemotherapy and radiation) and PET/CT findings were obtained. 21 Nov, 2015 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-1-105.php Various techniques are used in image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used in IGRT on linear accelerators. The increased accuracy of IGRT enables reducing planning target volume margins and doses to normal tissues. However, for radiation therapies requiring fractionated irradiation, increased exposure dose attributed to CBCT becomes problematic. We investigated the smallest projection angle required to provide target accuracy for CBCT of lymph nodes located above or below the collarbone in breast cancer patients. 15 Nov, 2015 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-1-104.php Introduction: Brachytherapy is a preferred choice of radiotherapy in the treatment of sensitive tissues cancer like intestine and gonad. The treatment is expensive because of the frequent replacement of radionuclide sources. A better understanding of cell killing and the cellular responses at different dose rates, might aid in tumor cell killing with fewer doses thereby enhancing a better prognosis. 11 Aug, 2015 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/articles/IJRRO-1-103.php Abstract Exact reproduction of patient position is crucial in radiotherapy. We evaluated the reproducibility of a CT based treatment simulation with the PICTOR 3D®system (LAP, Lüneburg, Germany) and examined its influence on workflow in daily routine. 30 Apr, 2015 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/Radiology-Radiation-Oncology/IJRRO-1-102.php Women have fixed ovarian follicles after birth and the number of the follicles declines with age. The decrease can be regulated by genetic, hormonal and/or therapy procedures. Radiation exposure can lead to premature ovarian failure (POF). POF is defined as interruption of the ovarian function in an adolescent woman. 13 Apr, 2015 https://www.cancerresgroup.us/Radiology-Radiation-Oncology/IJRRO-1-101.php Today the radiologic investigations are the indispensable diagnostic tools in medical care especially in emergency, oncology and pediatry departments. The imaging has the benefits for the patients follow-up as well as the diagnostic significance.