https://www.neuroscigroup.us/journals/journal-of-addiction-medicine-and-therapeutic-science A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 02 Apr, 2026 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-12-159.php Aims: To compare the performance of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and carbohydrate-deficient transferring (CDT) for detecting alcohol dependence in women. Methods: The concentrations of EtG in hair and CDT in the blood of 25 alcohol-dependent women admitted to the hospital for detoxification were determined. To assess diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV)), as well as to determine the optimal cut-off values of biochemical markers, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. Results: The optimal cut-off value for EtG was 38 ng/mL. At this cut-off, the model demonstrated strong performance with a sensitivity 93%, a specificity 92%, a PPV 83%, and an NPV 67%. For CDT, a cut-off of 371 ng/mL yielded a sensitivity 95%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 95%. Conclusions: The results suggest that EtG and CDT are reliable indicators of alcohol dependence in women. CDT performed better in identifying alcohol dependence in women. 17 Jul, 2025 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-11-158.php Introduction: Tobacco smoking, alcohol, and drug intake are essential health and sociological problems in many countries. Despite many campaigns, the percentage of people using these stimulants does not diminish. Aim: Evaluation of tobacco, alcohol, and drug use by the students of Polish high schools. Materials and methods: The research was conducted on 3108 pupils of the first and last classes of 19 high schools in the Mazovian province. A specially prepared questionnaire was used. Class, a place of residence, origin, parents’ education, tobacco, alcohol, and psychoactive drugs were analysed. Results: From 3108(100%) respondents, 71.4% never smoked cigarettes, 17.1% smoked less, and 11.5% more than 1 packet daily. 10.4% smoked cigarettes longer than 1 year, boys more often and for longer. At 57.5% at least one parent smoked cigarettes. Place of residence, kind of school, class, and parents’ education did not affect the frequency of smoking. Of 3108 pupils, 33,7% did not drink alcohol, 30.5% less often than once in the quarter, 29.4% several times monthly, 6.4% several times weekly. Boys drank more often than girls. Class, the origin, and place of residence did not affect the frequency of alcohol consumption. Children of parents with a university education drank more often. 333(10.7%) used psychoactive drugs, 327(10.5%) marijuana, and 6(0,2%) amphetamine. Conclusion: Despite indicators lower than in other countries of smoking tobacco, drinking alcohol, and holding drugs in Poland, these phenomena are a crucial health and population factor. Preventive and educational actions among pupils, as well as in their home environment, are necessary. 29 May, 2025 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-11-157.php Aims: To determine the threshold concentration of Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) in hair for diagnosing chronic alcohol use in women. Methods: The study involved 15 alcohol-dependent women undergoing inpatient treatment for chronic alcohol use at the Grodno regional clinical center “Psychiatry-Narcology” (Belarus). The control group consisted of 15 moderately drinking representatives of the general population. The EtG level was assessed in the proximal 3-cm segment of scalp hair as per SoHT guidelines for alcohol marker detection. EtG concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Results: At a threshold concentration of 38 pg/mg, the sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) of the result were 93%, 92%, 98%, 90%, respectively. Conclusion: EtG is a reliable biochemical marker of chronic alcohol use in women. The relatively small sample size is a limitation and should be considered when interpreting the findings. 16 Sep, 2023 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-9-155.php The present study investigates the escalating dependency on smartphones, with tendencies toward severe addiction, thereby causing detrimental effects on both psychological and physiological well-being. The group addicted to mobile phones exhibits behavioral and neurophysiological differences compared to the non-addicted group. Non-invasive neural modulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation and aerobic exercises such as HPCOSMOS exergaming (Treadmill-based, combining action control and motion perception in a Switch game) may represent cost-effective, adaptable, and promising therapeutic approaches. That will contribute to establishing a theoretical foundation for the rehabilitation and treatment of individuals afflicted with smartphone addiction. 29 Jun, 2022 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-8-154.php In a recent publication, we discussed the benefits and cautions of using secondary data analyses in research on lifestyle and health behavior [1]. We provided some guidelines about the use of secondary data in terms of the contributions that can be made and at the same time considerations necessary in using data that are collected by someone else. The use of secondary data to explore social and health issues results in being able to provide information about important issues in a timely fashion. Secondary data can answer two types of questions: descriptive and analytical [2]. Hence, the information can be used to describe events or trends or it can be used to examine relationships among variables cross-sectionally or longitudinally. 09 Jun, 2022 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-8-153.php Introduction: Aging is a natural process but at the same time, the aging population has substantially increased. Socially this stage is considered the total of one lived experience. Materials and methods: The sample size has been 200 which is 100 in each group. Individuals beyond 60 years of age and who will be able to cooperate with the study were included in the study. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to record depression among the same subject. The data were entered into an excel sheet and transferred to SPSS V. 21. for statistical analysis and Chi-square and ANOVA tests were done. Results: The prevalence of depression in elderly individuals living in family settings was 22% mild, 14% moderate, and 10% severe, whereas, in old age homes, the prevalence was 36% mild, 26% moderate, and 8% severe. On comparison of depression according to marital status among the elderly within the family set up and old age home reported a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We found from this study that the overall prevalence of depression was higher in elderly people residing in old age homes. It is more common in older women than in men. 24 May, 2022 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-8-152.php Introduction: Dentists play a key role in assisting patients in quitting smoking. Dentists’ competence in smoking cessation as part of regular patient treatment is studied in this research. Methodology: Two hundred twenty-six patients were selected from the Institute of Dental Sciences Bareilly’s smoke cessation center to complete in-person cross-sectional research about previous dental visits Patients’ smoking patterns, as well as their smoking cessation experience from their dentists, and willingness for dentists to apply smoking cessation recommendations were all covered in the survey. Results: Overall, 38 percent of the subjects were current smokers, 8% were former smokers, and 68% had tried to stop smoking before. Former/non-smokers had significantly greater plaque index, gingival index, and probing depth levels than smokers (p0.05). The dentists’ approach to cessation conversations, on the other hand, was limited to a list of the negative consequences. Only 32% of patients were told about the negative impacts of tobacco, and only a third were encouraged to quit. Conclusions: Smoking causes dental health issues. Dentists in Bareilly City may inquire about their patients’ smoking habits, but they are less likely to provide actual assistance in quitting. 11 Oct, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-7-151.php Background: According to the World Health Organization, about 76-85% of subjects in low- and middle-income countries suffer with a mental disorder. From them the most prevalent are anxiety and depression ones, with an increase in the number of cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Antidepressants are drugs used to treat depression, but they are also used to treat subjects addicted to drugs. The development of new technologies/drugs/compositions is important for promoting access not only to drugs, but better drugs. The present study aims: 1. To carry out a survey of drugs under active development used to depression and dependency treatment (at least); 2. To evaluate, through the patent landscape, the patent documents filed in the past 10 years related to this class of drugs (antidepressants) in the context of technological scenario and 3. To promote a discussion about drugs used as antidepressants and to dependency treatment (at least). Results: The search provided a scenario of a small number of drugs used for depression and drug dependency under active development, the highest development phases, the main mechanisms of action and the antidepressants used as antiaddictives. The patent landscape retrieved 2067 applied documents filed over the last 10 years, showing that China leads in the number of deposits of these drugs/compositions/methods to treat depression (with 1758 applications) made by Chinese Institutes and Universities, followed by the United States (291 applications) and Japan (193 applications). The patents’ search also allowed us to evaluate the documents which the claims addressed (at least) to the treatment of depression and as antiaddictive. Conclusion: The analysis of under active development drugs presented those used as antidepressants and to the treatment of substances dependency in different stages of development, including the drugs in clinical studies. Indeed, the applications’ analysis on antidepressants has generated information about the technologies involved, as well as allowing the evaluation of the applications that are also promising for the treatment of addiction and depression. 26 Apr, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-7-150.php Aims: To explore the changes of cytokines and T lymphocyte subgroups in COVID-19 patients, to find the turning point to severe clinical course of patients, to timely intervene, and to reduce the severity. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with COVID-19 admitted to Third People’s Hospital of Kunming from January 31, 2020 to March 2, 2020 were divided into 3 groups: mild, common and severe/critical according to ‘Clinical Protocol for COVID-19, 8th Edition’ (National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China). The changes of serum T lymphocyte subgroups and cytokines level during hospitalization were monitored and statistically analyzed.The difference was considered statistically significant when p< 0.05. Results: 39 patients with COVID-19 were 41.51±19.03 years old, 18 of them were male (46.2%).8 patients (20.5%) were classified as mild group, 10 patients (25.6%) were classified as common group, 21 patients (53.8%) were classified as severe/critical group. The hospitalization days were 17.51±6.19 days, and the nucleic acid seroconversion days from positive to negative were 11.41±6.77 days. Comparison of T lymphocyte subgroups in patients with different clinical classifications showed that T cell count and CD4/CD8+T cell counts were different among different clinical classifications (p< 0.05). In pairwise comparison, the count of lymphocyte subgroups in severe/critical group patients was significantly lower than that in mild and common groups. Intra-group Comparison showed that, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12p70 and IL-5 examinations had significant statistical differences at different examination time points, but the effects of the above indicators on clinical classification would not change with time. According to develop trends, lymphocytes increased in patients of three clinical groups after treatment, the increase trends were obvious especially in severe/critical group patients.The OR value calculated by Logistics model showed that the probability of severe/critical disease was 1.276 times higher for each day increase of T cell time to peak (95%CI: 1.039-1.569), χ2= 5.379, p= 0.02.The probability of severe/critical disease was 1.408 times (95%CI: 1.066-1.859) with each day increase of IL1β time to peak, χ2 = 5.824, p= 0.016. Independent sample t test showed that in CD4+T cells, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α and other detection indicators, the time to peak of the above indicators in the fast seroconversion group was significantly shorter than that in slow seroconversion group. Conclusions: The early peak, timely decrease of cytokines and T cell counts in COVID-19 patients has a positive effect on prognosis. Cytokines and T cell counts should be closely monitored in COVID-19 patients. 13 Mar, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-7-149.php Significant changes in the structure of alcohol consumption, as well as changing economic cycles, make Russia a convenient object for studying the impact of the population’s income on the structure of alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to study the relationship between income and the structure of alcohol sales in Russia at the population level. Methods: A comparative analysis of the dynamics of the gross domestic product (GDP) and the level of sales of various types of alcoholic beverages/the structure of alcohol sales in Russia in the period from 1990 to 2015 was carried out. Statistical data processing was carried out using the STATISTICA 10 package. Results: According to the results of the correlation analysis, GDP is negatively correlated with the sale of vodka (r = -0.63; p <0.000)/the share of vodka in the sales structure (r = -0.8; p <0.000) and positively correlates with beer sales (r = 0.5; p <0.000)/share of beer in the sales structure (r = -0.72; p <0.000), as well as with wine sales (r = 0.73 ; p <0.000)/share of wine in the sales structure (r = 0.67; p <0.000). Conclusions: The improvement of the macroeconomic situation and the growth of incomes of the population was one of the drivers of the change in the structure of alcohol consumption in Russia in favor of low-alcohol drinks. 23 Jan, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-7-148.php COVID 19 has created a new world order. The absence of a specific therapy, uncertainty about the viral transmission of the disease and its mutation, lock down, social distancing have caused mental stress leading to anxiety and depression. The closure of educational institutions and online teaching have made students sedentary. The restricted movement to stay in the house and continuous sitting in front of the computers listening to online teachings have resulted in increased consumption of sugary drinks and fast food. Therefore, physical literacy and physical activity gained importance during the pandemic. 19 Jan, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-7-147.php The endocannabinoid system is involved in various physiological pathways in the human body. A large number of endogenous cannabinoids have been acknowledged, and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB-1) and cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB-2) have been categorized. The activation of endocannabinoid system could regulate the activity in several neural pathways. The complex functions of this system have generated multiple new targets for pharmacotherapies. Several research studies have concentrated on these issues. However, these efforts have been generally unsuccessful. Although cannabinoids have therapeutic potential, their psychoactive properties have largely limited their usage in clinical practice. In this review, the author briefly summarized the knowledge of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system. 01 Jan, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-7-146.php Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought different impacts on human life unfortunately, mental health has not received due attention. Methods: The Nuevos Rumbos Corporation (CNR) decided to create a self- assessment system that allows measuring the impact that confinement has had in different areas of adjustment in life of Colombians. Findings: More than 2000 people have used the system, (74.2% women, 24.2% men and 1.6% qualify as “other”), about 62% of the respondents report negative emotional changes, 33% have felt more aggressive than usual, 12% reported an increase in alcohol consumption and of active smokers 32.5% increased their consumption. Interpretation: As a result of the limitations associated with the pandemic, there is evidence of a global imbalance in the mental health of the population that requires attention, since the problems will increase as the economic problems continue as well as the confinement, associated with a second wave of the virus. Funding: We declare that we have no conflict of interest in the preparation or publication of this paper, Nuevos Rumbos being completely autonomous in the application of the system as well as in the administration of its data. 30 Dec, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-145.php Objective: To study the relationship between the affordability of alcohol and the level of its sale, the total level of consumption, as well as the consumption of unrecorded alcohol in Russia in the post-Soviet period. Methods: A comparative analysis of the dynamics of the affordability of alcohol, the level of its sale, the total level of consumption, as well as the consumption of unrecorded alcohol in Russia in the period from 1991 to 2015 was carried out. Statistical analysis (Spearman’s correlation, linear regression) was carried out using the STATISTICA 10 package. Results: The affordability of alcohol is positively correlated with the sale of alcohol (r=0,64; p<0.000) and negatively correlated with the total level of alcohol consumption (r=-0,4; p<0.000), as well as the level of unrecorded alcohol consumption (r=-0,77; p<0,000). Conclusions: This study revealed the positive relationship between affordability of alcohol and the level of alcohol sales, as well as negative relationship between affordability of alcohol and unregistered alcohol consumption in Russia. 26 Nov, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-144.php This paper argues for an established Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) cut-off for impaired driving at 0.05%, aka 0.05 g/dl, for drivers in the United States. This argument is backed by scientific evidence collected over many years and multiple countries using crash data and fatality data; we shall provide an example from our own research as well. We will demonstrate that this cut-off can be effectively enforced at the roadside by law enforcement officers, both in terms of breathalyzer use and field sobriety testing. 17 Nov, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-143.php Substance abuse is one of the major concerns of human societies. Many problems exist for controlling drug abuse that profoundly influences treatment. One of the most important and prevalent problems is Withdrawal Syndrome (WS). The WS describes a host of unpleasant symptoms that develop in the withdrawal period. WS should be suppressed in the withdrawal period because in the presence of WS dependence on drugs will continue. Using the drug to which one is addicted is the most effective way to suppress the withdrawal syndrome, which is why many users relapse after a period of abstinence. The purpose of this review article is to describe the basic brain mechanisms that are responsible for the emergence of WS that cannot be tolerated in the abstinence period. This may be helpful for a better understanding of the nature of WS in the withdrawal period for implementing the best approach with new insights for highlighting new horizons for future goal-directed studies. The important topics in this regard are non-related brain areas based on recent studies that have been proposed. They have included the rewarding center, endogenous cannabinoid system, corticotropin-releasing factor, locus coeruleus, and orexin system. According to the above facts, this syndrome arises with different mechanisms, and a multi-approach treatment toward this syndrome is required. 03 Oct, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-142.php This short form review article summarizes the psychiatric symptoms associated with methamphetamine use including psychosis and places a special focus on the intersection of methamphetamine use and the COVID-19 pandemic. 20 Aug, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-141.php Background: The aim of this study is to analyze the movies of pathologic gambling from comprehensive samples. Methods: Movies (all 102 titles) related to gambling were collected by keyword search in IMDB (International Movie Database, www.imdb.com). Among them, 16 titles were selected in which the storyline was directly related to gambling, gambling scene was exposed in individual plots, and the result of gambling influenced the development of storyline. The films were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Protagonists were all males. The reasons why they first started gambling were mostly by temptation (46%). Purpose of their gambling act was to get rich (81%). Most of the gambling sites were casino (31%) or gambling house (25%). Most frequent type of gambling was poker (40%), followed by black jack (13%) and sports gambling (13%). Most of the gambling (63%) was illegal. In 56%, the gaming was temperate and the 42% was impulsive. In 67%, protagonist followed the gambling rule, but in 33%, he ran crooked gambling. In 57%, protagonist did not have any particular advantageous skill for gambling. In 2/3, the protagonist lost the game, won in 1/3. The protagonist was regretful for his gambling act in 45%. In 12 titles of 14 titles, 6 protagonist become happy irrespective of the result (2 win, 4 lose), but 6 became unhappy (1 win, 5 lose) (Odds ratio=2.5). Conclusion: How these people perceive ‘gambling’, from the exposed media information may be different from reality. We hope the result of this study might be helpful in education of gambling addicts. 20 Jul, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-140.php Metabolic disorders are known as one of the largest obesity epidemics and associated with health-related problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemias in the US. Obesity related to an imbalance of metabolism from environmental stressors impacting metabolic rate, reflects the multi-dimensional molecular network. Obesity is also associated with the genetic predisposition of a build-up of adipose tissue dynamics, which is unable to properly undergo lipolysis and breakdown at the tissue level, or it can be a hormonal issue, where the patient is producing too much ghrelin or diminishing supply of leptin. Omics, a detection platform for macromolecules (i.e., DNA, RNA, and protein level), can be developed for use in many different types of illnesses based on the pathophysiology behind the ailment or disease, including obesity. Personalized care focused on molecule assessment can help decrease the need for synthetic insulin, increase the body’s own ability to use it’s already producing pancreatic beta cells of insulin, and decrease the likelihood of other comorbidities from progressing by adapting part of Omics metabolomics. Metabolomics is more advantageous than determining the pathologic structure of molecular behavior in ghrelin and leptin. In the future, metabolomics has strong potential to be considered as an alternative preventive tool to fight against obesity, hyperlipidemia, or secondary health complications, including cardiovascular and cancer mortality. 08 Jul, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-139.php What are secondary data? Secondary data refer to data that are collected by someone other than the user or are used for an additional purpose than the original one. A wide range of sources can be used as secondary data: censuses, information collected by government departments, organizational records and data that were originally collected for other research purposes [1-3]. Yee and Niemeier [4] discuss the benefits of longitudinal data as compared to repeated cross-sectional information. 11 Jun, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-138.php Background: Overdose deaths involving opioids, heroin, and fentanyl-class drugs have dramatically increased in the United States in the last decade. In response to the epidemic, the City of Jacksonville (Florida) and local providers came together and developed a plan to reduce repeat overdoses and deaths called Project Save Lives (PSL). PSL utilized Certified Recovery Peer Specialists (CRPS) to engage overdose victims immediately following opioid overdose reversal and offered medication-assisted treatment, recovery support, overdose prevention services, and transportation to detox/treatment services all initiated within the Emergency Department (ED). 06 Jun, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-137.php Objective: Tor review the pharmacologic and non-pharmacological therapies of smoking cessation. During recent years, there have been many advances in different types of pharmacological and non‑pharmacological tobacco cessation treatments. This paper reviews the established pharmacological methods such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (patches, gum, sublingual tablets, lozenges, inhalers and nasal spray) and drugs such as Bupropion and Varenicline and non–pharmacological methods such as counselling and yoga (Sudarshan kriya, Kapalbhati, Anuloma-viloma and Bhramari pranayama). 06 Jun, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-136.php Ketodex is a combination of ketamine and dexmedetomidine. Ketamine, an old intravenous anesthetic, is a non-narcotic and non-barbiturate drug. It has several properties of the ideal anesthetic agent. However, ketamine can produce the psychological adverse effects. Dexmedetomidine has analgesic, amnesic, sedative and anxiolytic properties. A distinct advantage of dexmedetomidine is the maintenance of respiratory force and preserved airway patency. It converges on a natural sleep pathway, activating pathways that promote endogenous non-rapid eye movement sleep to exert its sedative effect. However, dexmedetomidine can produce bradycardia and hypotension. A combination of ketamine and dexmedetomidine has several benefits in the terms of hemodynamic stability, absence of respiratory depression, post-operative analgesia and recovery. Several previous studies have been demonstrated the therapeutic utility of the combination of ketamine and dexmedetomidine. 26 May, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-135.php Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use leads to nicotine addiction and is associated with several health problems. However, it may be perceived as a safe alternative to cigarettes resulting in a potential for increased use among smokers and non-smokers alike. We assessed the pattern of smokeless tobacco use, as well as, the knowledge and attitudes towards SLT among adult residents in Lagos, South West Nigeria. 22 May, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-134.php The citrus fruits are originate to be frequently in cultivation throughout the tropics and are extremely nutritious and medicinal in nature. According to Ayurveda, different parts of Lemon tree possess various medicinal properties. 18 May, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-133.php Lung cancer is a major issue in oncology pathology worldwide. According to the WHO, this disease is the number one cause of death in both men and women worldwide [1]. 09 May, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-132.php Objectives: The purpose of this research is to examine trends in the rates of reported quitting (for more than twelve months) among regular and occasional smokers in the Province of Ontario for over twenty years. In addition to the overall trends, we examine trends for males and females, and for different age groups. Methods: A range of legislative measures have been implemented in the province. Data are derived from the CAMH Monitor survey, a continuously-fielded (since 1996) cross-sectional telephone survey of the general adult population (ages 18 years or older) of Ontario. 28 Apr, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-131.php Adolescence is characterized by high level of psychosocial vulnerabilities. It is a developmental phase in which youths explore themselves, others, and their social context. 27 Mar, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-130.php The present study demonstrates marijuana- and alcohol-induced impairment of a driving-relevant measure in a driving simulator task at (estimated) blood alcohol and THC concentrations that are below the per se cut-off for impaired driving in several states. The subject was an adult male with a history of occasional alcohol use (2-3 times/week for the past 6 months) and past but very infrequent use of marijuana, i.e., less than once/month for the past 6 months. The testing procedure was a crash avoidance test using a fixed base driving simulator. In this procedure, while driving at 55 mph, the subject was required to make an ‘emergency’ steering maneuver to avoid crashing into a ‘stalled car’ that appeared on the roadway immediately (40 meters) ahead. In the absence of any drug treatment, after training the subject effectively made this avoidance maneuver in >98% of trials (20 trials/session), with a crash avoidance response latency of approximately 450-475 msec from the onset of the car ahead until an abrupt crash avoidance steering response of >10 degrees. 26 Mar, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-129.php Background: Concomitant prescription of anticholinergics with first generation antipsychotic medications is widely practiced in psychiatry to avert or abort extrapyramidal side effect resulting from the latter. Trihexyphenidyl (Benzhexol) is the most commonly prescribed and the most likely to be abused amidst the anticholinergics in Nigeria. Objectives: To explore the prevalence and the associated factors for Trihexyphenidyl abuse among psychiatric outpatients in Nigeria. Methodology: 64 stable outpatients who met the inclusion criteria were interviewed with a sociodemographic questionnaire and a ten items Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10), other relevant data were obtained from their case notes at the psychiatric clinic of Sarkin Maska Shehu (SMASH) Hospital, Funtua, Katsina State. Data were tabulated and analysed with Microsoft Excel and version 11.65 of Window Program for Epidemiologist (WINPEPI). 06 Feb, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-6-128.php Addiction is usually linked to psychoactive drugs. This is only approximately true, since one can be addicted to common objects such as starch and to abstract items such as some habits, such as attachments to certain objects, often known as fetishism. Moreover, the common use of such drugs, especially alcohol and opium, are seldom addictive. Hence, addiction is a state of mind, an excuse for certain inabilities to cope with normal life stresses. This makes questionable the idea that it is possible to reduce addiction by rendering scarce the drugs usually associated with addiction. 16 Oct, 2019 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/JAMTS-5-127.php Over the past 25 years there has been a signifi cant increase in the use and misuse of opioid analgesic medications. In April 2018, the US Surgeon General released an advisory pressing more laypersons to become trained and get access to naloxone for emergency overdose situations. 12 Oct, 2018 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2455-3484.000026-jamts.php Opium derived from the condensed juice of the poppy, Papaver Somniferum, has been used as an analgesic, euphoric, and soporific for centuries. The use of opium use goes back 6000 years to China. It was initially cultivated in 3400 B.C. in Mesopotamia, and has been used therapeutically and recreationally ever since. In fact, opium was available during the time of Hippocrates, the father of medicine (circa 470-370 B.C.). In 1660 A.D., the English physician, Thomas Sydenham, compounded an opium tincture, which he called Laudanum. This was considered the medicinal “cure all” for most ailments. Numerous scientists have experimented since then by mixing opium with other agents including whiskey, rum, brandy, ether, and chloroform. Laudanum is now virtually extinct in the U.S., though still can be obtained in a number of European countries. 10 Oct, 2018 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2455-3484.000025-jamts.php Introduction: A video game is any software program that can be played on a computing device, such as a personal computer, gaming console or mobile phone. Video games are age and gender friendly, very popular but like other pleasurable endeavors, can have adverse consequences, which are reviewed. 24 Oct, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-3-124.php Since the discovery by Olivier Ameisen that high-dose baclofen can produce a state of indifference towards alcohol in those with Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD), 31 Aug, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-3-123.php Physicians generally know that smoking increases the risks of post procedural morbidity and mortality. Stopping smoking before surgery and other medical procedures has been shown to improve procedural outcomes. Anesthesiologists are well-positioned as periprocedural physicians to take full advantage of the leadership role in the area of smoking cessation. 14 Jul, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-3-122.php Knowing the degree of alcohol intoxication can be imperative in the decision-making process of diagnoses, treatment and discharge decisions in some situations. Blood testing provides a snapshot of intoxication at the time the sample is drawn but not earlier (e.g., at the time of injury) or later, although information of the latter would be useful in epidemiological comparisons about risk and injury. 12 May, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-3-121.php Several agents that activate brain histaminergic neurotransmission have been reported to improve methamphetamine (METH)-induced behavioral aberrations. In this review, we present research demonstrating that pretreatment with metoprine, a selective inhibitor of histamine 10 Apr, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-3-120.php The present paper addresses some of the current literature surrounding Behavioral Couples Therapy (BCT) as it pertains to couples dealing with substance use. 14 Mar, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-3-119.php Introduction: The consumption of alcohol and illegal drugs is a worldwide public health problem of great social impact when it affects adolescents. 22 Feb, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-3-118.php Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health concern affecting over 40 million individuals at least once during their lifetime. Among the various negative implications for partners and families are economic, emotional, physical, and social consequences. 26 Dec, 2016 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-2-117.php Background: An examination of the relationship between social factors and positive workplace drug tests has heuristic value for understanding population vulnerability to subsequent employment disruption. 17 Dec, 2016 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-2-116.php A comparison of post-mortem toxicology results was made from victims in whom reasonable estimates of drinking were available to determine if blood, brain and gastric alcohol contents had combined forensic usefulness. 02 Dec, 2016 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-2-115.php The purpose of the current study was to explore ethnic differences in drug abstinence self-efficacy among recovering individuals. Levels of abstinence self-efficacy among African Americans and European Americans increased, decreased, and then increased again over the year. 29 Jun, 2016 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-2-114.php Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect of many anticancer drugs such as platinum compounds, antitubulins (taxanes and vinca alkaloids), bortezomib and thalidomide [1]. CIPN may manifest as sensory symptoms in hands and feet, typically in a “glove and stocking” pattern; pain, numbness, tingling etc; or motor symptoms such as weakness, deficits in the cranial nerve or autonomic neuropathy [2]. Various pharmacological agents have been evaluated for management of CIPN and have been reported to have variable effects. 30 Apr, 2016 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-2-113.php Detoxification of opioid addiction during the pregnancy has been avoided since 1970 after some reports showed untoward outcome including stillbirth and acute narcotic withdrawal syndrome in neonates. It was recommended at that time to avoid detoxification until more data was collected and improved monitoring of fetal homeostasis became available. Since then methadone has been used for both maintenance and detoxification for opiate addiction while scant work was done to find alternative therapies even though improved technology for monitor fetal homeostasis has made more alternatives to therapy available. 26 Mar, 2016 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-2-112.php During the past 20 years I’ve been in practice, I have found that all addiction treatments are, in fact, some form of harm reduction. We’ve yet to find an infallible treatment for addictions and substance use disorders. However, the change in the DSM terminology is very significant. It differentiates diagnoses of substance abuse and chemical dependency from its evolved diagnosis of substance use disorder - mild, moderate or severe. Those with severe diagnoses (co-morbidity involving diabetes, liver damage, severe psychiatric conditions, dementia, legal, etc) would certainly be appropriate candidates for abstinence over moderation. But as I see it, at the end of the day, from moderation to abstinence it’s all harm reduction. 08 Mar, 2016 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-2-111.php Background: Methamphetamine abuse and dependence is currently a considerable problem. Objective: To explain the efficacy of buprenorphine in the quick management of methamphetamine related anxiety and depressive disorders and also methamphetamine withdrawal craving. Results: 52 mg of buprenorphine is very valuable in the treatment of severe methamphetamine related anxiety and depression and also methamphetamine craving. 28 Oct, 2015 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-1-110.php Background: Tramadol induced disorder is a new problem. Objective: To explain the efficacy of low dose of clonidine, baclofen and ibuprofen (NSAID) in the treatment of severe and chronic tramadol dependency (2000 mg daily). Method: To evaluate the usefulness of non-narcotic drugs in the management of severe tramadol withdrawal symptoms. 20 Aug, 2015 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-1-109.php The purpose of this paper is to describe the multivariate effects of compensable injury on addictive behaviors, especially in relation to substance abuse. Five case studies are broken down into (a) post-accident addiction and (b) pre-accident addiction. These vignettes indicate that within a personal injury the problem of substance use or abuse is hardly independent of other factors. It is linked to pre-accident factors as well as post-accident adjustment. Links with personality disorder and criminal behaviour are also documented. Substance abuse following accident or injury does not occur in a personal or social vacuum. The influence of pre-accident addiction is stressed. It is argued that a generalised theory of addiction in relation to personal injury is not sustainable and that it applies across a wide spectrum of injuries but a hypothesised model may find inferential value. 13 Aug, 2015 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-1-108.php Background: Since its U.S. FDA approval in 2002, buprenorphine has been available for maintenance treatment of opiate dependence in primary care physicians' offices. Though buprenorphine was intended to facilitate access to treatment, disparities in utilization have emerged; while buprenorphine treatment is widely used in private care setting, public healthcare integration of buprenorphine lags behind. 07 Apr, 2015 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-1-107.php Drug addiction remains a challenge in perioperative management for a surgical procedure for anaesthesiologists. Anesthesiologists are increasingly encountering patients with current or previous history of drug abuse in their day-to-day practice, both in the ED (emergency department) or ICU (intensive care unit) and the OR (operating room) [1Steadman JL. Birnbach DJ (200) Patients on party drugs undergoing anesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 16: 147-52.]. The understanding of such addiction is important not only for patients safer outcome but also better perioperative pain management. Hence, anesthesiologists need to be aware of the possibility of drug abuse and its adverse effects on various body systems and be adequately trained to effectively manage the crucial perioperative period. Greater precautions need to be taken in patients with multiple or combination drug addiction, as opioids are commonly abused with tobacco, alcohol, cocaine and marijuana. 15 Mar, 2015 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-1-106.php Background: Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of deaths in many developed countries. There is evidence that beverage preference may have modifying influence on liver cirrhosis risk independently of the amount of alcohol consumed. 18 Feb, 2015 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-1-105.php Introduction: Experts estimate that unrecorded alcohol makes up a significant share (about 25%) of all alcohol consumed in the former Soviet Republic Belarus. However, our knowledge with respect to the prevalence of the consumption of unrecorded alcohol in this country, as well as the patterns and motives of it consumption remains fragmented. 04 Jan, 2015 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-1-104.php Prior to 1990 there was a paucity of studies directed at psychiatric genetics and in fact there was only one study by Egeland et al. [1]. whereby an analysis of the segregation of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in an Old Order Amish population (pedigree) localized a dominant gene linked to a strong predisposition to manic depressive disease to chromosome 11 possibly tyrosine hydroxylase. 03 Jan, 2015 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-1-103.php The problem of addiction and substance abuse among physicians has been reported as early as 1869 [1]. But, medical community is generally reluctant to accept and report the problem of addiction among health care professionals. Anaesthesiologist by virtue of their work profile and easy accessibility of potentially addicting drugs are at an increased risk of drug addiction. The incidence of abuse is estimated to be around 1% in faculty members and 1.6% of residents in training programs [2]. As high as 1/4th of the medical professionals reported for abuse are anaesthesiologists. 02 Jan, 2015 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-1-102.php Cigarette smoking is a worldwide healthcare problem of modern age. It is a leading cause of death, mainly in male population. Excess deaths among smokers, as compared to non smokers, are chiefly due to tuberculosis and respiratory, cardiovascular or malignant diseases. Smoking significantly increases intraoperative and postoperative complications in a person undergoing surgical procedure. Smoking is menace to people and physicians and cessation of smoking is very much desirable, especially in persons undergoing operative intervention. 01 Jan, 2015 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/Addiction-Medicine-Therapeutic-Science/JAMTS-1-101.php Suicide is one of the leading external causes of death in many countries and it burden is expected to be rising [1]. There are a number of possible reasons responsible for this including lessened social integration, increase in psychiatric disorders, alcohol and drug abuse [2,3]. Alcohol consumption and suicides rates in Eastern Europe (EE) are among the highest in the world [4]. In a number of studies using various designs alcohol consumption has been found to be important risk factors of suicide in EE [5-7].