https://www.organscigroup.us/journals/journal-of-dental-problems-and-solutions A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 30 Sep, 2025 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-12-233.php This 83-year-old man with a history of periodontal disease is a lifelong nonsmoker with strong family histories of premature deaths from smoking. Since his initial diagnosis at age 33, he has prioritized routine individual and periodic dental care to avoid local and systemic complications. His routine dental care includes daily manual flossing supplemented with a water flosser, a sulcular brushing technique by use of an electronic sonic toothbrush with fluoride toothpaste, antiseptic mouthwash, and periodic scaling and root planing, with topical antibiotics used as needed. Several years ago, he started using a plaque-identifying toothpaste. Overall, he has experienced reduced probing depths and no further need for topical antibiotics. Today, the patient remains healthy with stable periodontal disease and no history or present signs or symptoms of cardiovascular disease. This case report illustrates that meticulous dental hygiene, including routine self-care and periodic dental care, can prevent the progression of periodontal disease over 49 years and limit systemic complications. 05 Aug, 2025 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-12-232.php This study is based on the extraction process of total flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicine compound, with ethanol concentration, extraction time and solid-liquid ratio as variables, three factors and three levels orthogonal experiments were conducted. We used the heat reflux extraction method to concentrate the extract. The total flavonoid content was determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The optimum extraction conditions were determined using the total flavonoid content as the index. According to the experimental results, the concentration of total flavonoids in the range of 0. 0096~0. 0576 mg/ml showed a good linear relationship with absorbance. Therefore, the optimal process conditions were identified as A1B3C3: a 95% ethanol concentration; an extraction time of 120 minutes; a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:12; and a total flavonoid content of 8.273%. Orthogonal test can be used to analyze the extraction process of antibacterial components. 25 Apr, 2025 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-12-231.php This paper deals with the advantages and the procedures used in resolving prosthodontic problems in cases of partial edentulousness by using the remaining anterior mandibular teeth. The clinical report presents atraumatic splinting of mandibular teeth for prosthodontic and periodontal purposes with a review of changed occlusal conditions in a clinical case of prosthodontic treatments of partial edentulousness. The splints with fewer teeth involved (two to four) showed greater durability than those with a large number of teeth. The advantages of using a Fiber Reinforced Composite (FRC) splint were analyzed with the aim of noninvasive bonding of the remaining periodontopathic teeth. By splinting the mandibular anterior teeth (Kennedy class I), a FRC splint increases their functional value (masticatory, esthetic and phonatory) and the ability of static and dynamic group loading (intermaxillary and occlusal relations). The durability of such splints is estimated on the basis of stability between the enamel and FRC and the stability of the FRC surface and total mobility of teeth stabilized by such a splint. FRC splints are easy to repair. However, the level of oral hygiene also has a significant effect on the success of FRC splint treatment. 10 Apr, 2025 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-12-230.php The installation of immediate implants in fresh alveoli is a valuable technique for preserving surrounding structures. In this case, a male patient presented with trauma leading to a root fracture of tooth 21. Atraumatic extraction and immediate implant placement were performed, with biomaterial used to maintain periodontal tissues. A provisional restoration was placed due to torque exceeding 45N, and monthly follow-ups were conducted for six months. Prosthetic rehabilitation was completed through a digital workflow using CAD design and 3D milling technology. 17 Dec, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-11-229.php Objective: To critically analyze the literature on the impact of diabetes and autoimmune diseases on the success and durability of dental implants, discussing strategies aimed at improving clinical management for these patients. Background: Systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and autoimmune diseases pose significant challenges in implant dentistry, influencing osseointegration and the long-term success of implants. Addressing these challenges is critical to ensuring optimal patient outcomes. Materials and methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, Scielo, and ScienceDirect, focusing on articles published in the last ten years that address the implications of systemic conditions on dental implants. Relevant clinical articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were selected. Results and discussion: Uncontrolled diabetic patients showed a higher risk of complications, but glycemic control and bioactive implant surfaces mitigate these risks. Autoimmune patients face increased infection risks and impaired healing; strategies such as drug dosage adjustments and biomaterials improve outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to personalize treatment. Conclusion: Systemic conditions require personalized approaches in implant dentistry. Advances in biomaterials and evidence-based practices offer promising prospects, but further studies are needed to consolidate these approaches. 11 Jul, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-11-228.php The Kurer Anchor System, a once widely used dental restoration method, offered a solution for retaining root canal posts in treated teeth. Despite its success in preserving natural teeth and providing a cost-effective alternative to implants, the system's popularity waned due to changes in the dental industry. This paper revisits the Kurer Anchor System, examining its clinical efficacy, economic advantages, and potential integration with modern dental practices. Emphasizing the importance of implant surface cleanliness, the paper advocates for the revival of the Kurer Anchor System in contemporary dentistry. The conclusion underscores the need for educating dental professionals about this system's benefits and proper application. 17 Feb, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-11-227.php Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is difficult to detect when dentists or dentistry students are not well-trained on this subject. Including this topic in the dental curriculum may help students with diagnosing patients who have OSA. Objectives: This cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the changes in the knowledge and attitudes of clinical dentistry students at Atatürk University, Turkey about OSA before and after education about this topic. Materials and methods: In this study, 227 participants were asked to reply OSAKA questionnaire consisting of 23 questions (18 knowledge questions and 5 attitude evaluation questions) before and after the lesson about OSA. Obtained data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and Spearman analyses. The statistical significance level was set at α < 0.05. Results: The mean knowledge score was 4.91 before the lesson and 13.0 after the class. Overall, correct answer rates increased significantly (p = 0.010) as well. Conclusion: Participants' knowledge about OSA increased and their attitudes became more positive after the lesson. Pre-graduate training may increase dentistry students’ knowledge scores and improve their attitudes regarding OSA. 13 Feb, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-11-226.php Background: Good oral health of pregnant women is important for their own health and the health of the fetus and can reduce the risk of complications in pregnancy. The development of early childhood caries is associated with the transfer of bacteria from the mother's oral cavity, and there is a need to promote oral health during pregnancy and the perinatal period. Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate attitudes and knowledge regarding oral health and infant oral health among pregnant women. Materials and methods: The study involved 130 pregnant women in the Republic of North Macedonia who completed an anonymous online questionnaire (Google Forms) from January to June 2022. The questionnaire was divided into three parts. The first part contained questions about the general demographic data of the respondents and their own experience with oral health in pregnancy. The second part was related to the knowledge of the relationship between oral health and pregnancy. The third section consisted of questions related to knowledge about the oral health of children at the earliest age. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: The study involved 130 pregnant 19 to 42-year-old women. The women are most informed about oral health in pregnancy from their dentists (30.8 %), but least from doctors of family medicine (3.1%). In pregnancy, gingival bleeding was observed by 60.8 % of respondents, and tooth mobility by 22.3 %. The chi-square test found that there was a difference in attitude regarding the age at which they should stop breastfeeding between respondents who had their first pregnancy and those who already had children (Chi-square value =13.216, p = 0.004, p < 0.05). Only 20.5 % of respondents are aware that breastfeeding can cause tooth decay. Linear regression analysis showed that pregnant women's knowledge about the association between pregnancy and periodontal diseases is statistically significantly positively associated with their gynecologist's advice to visit a dentist (β = 1.282, p ≤ 0.001). In addition, pregnant women's knowledge about children's oral health is statistically significantly negatively associated with women already having children (β = -0.693, p = 0.043). Conclusion: Pregnant women in the Republic of North Macedonia do not have sufficient knowledge, and they are neither aware of the importance of oral health during pregnancy nor infant oral health. 07 Feb, 2024 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-11-225.php Clear aligner treatment has established itself as a reputable orthodontic procedure known for its aesthetic appeal and comfort, particularly favored by adult patients This case report details the clear aligner treatment administered to an adult patient presenting with an anterior open bite and spaced upper dentition. The treatment involved closing spaces and retracting upper anterior teeth, while interproximal reduction was performed in the lower arch. The Elastic Button Technique (EBT) was employed to address the open bite. A total of 9 sets of clear aligners were provided, with a recommended wear time of 22 hours per day for 10 days, spanning a four-month period. Consequently, this case study underscores the effectiveness of using clear aligners in orthodontic treatment to resolve anterior open bite issues. The inconspicuous design of these aligners not only contributes to enhanced periodontal health but also boosts patient acceptance. 26 Dec, 2023 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-10-224.php The condition of teeth and the function of the oral organs are important when playing musical, especially brass or wind, instruments. This article describes the prosthodontic treatment provided for a musician who had lost a tooth and her subsequent musical performance. The relevant literature is also discussed. A 49-year-old professional clarinet player who fractured and avulsed the upper left central incisor during a fall sought maxillofacial rehabilitation for the missing tooth to maintain her ability to play the clarinet. Her treatment consisted of a provisional removable prosthesis with an acrylic base and clasps followed by a final fixed implant and conventional prostheses, designed accordingly. Her satisfaction with the prostheses was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. The dental treatment helps to ensure that the musicians with oral, mainly prosthodontic, problems can continue playing the wind or brass instrument, especially the clarinet at their previous performance level professionally. 05 Dec, 2023 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-10-223.php Introduction: Orofacial dysfunctions interfere with normal growth and development and may lead to multiple outcomes, including malocclusion. Assessment of Orofacial functions is thus critical in children. Methods: ‘Off Track’, a mobile-based app was used for orofacial functional assessment. The domains assessed were breathing, swallowing, chewing, speech, sleep, and others. The dysfunctions in each domain and the ‘Off Track’ score distribution were represented as frequency with percentages. Fisher's exact test was used to detect the difference between the age groups. Unadjusted odds were estimated to assess the association between feeding history and breathing dysfunction, feeding history and sleep dysfunction, and breathing dysfunction and sleep dysfunction. Result: The ‘Off Track’ scores 3, 4, 5, and 6 were recorded in 42.9%, 39.3%, 14.3% and 3.6% of the population, respectively. Most of the participants (89.29%) showed dysfunction in the breathing domain followed by swallowing (75%). The difference between the age groups was not significant (p > 0.05). Odd’s ratios estimated for feeding history of the child and, mouth breathing and sleep dysfunction were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Orofacial dysfunctions are widely prevalent in children and ‘Off Track’ may serve as a chairside user-friendly app-based screening tool to assess orofacial functions in children. 20 Jul, 2023 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-10-222.php The aim of this paper is to describe orofacial neuralgic pain related to diabetes mellitus pathology with a clinical report of a female patient who suffered from diabetic polyneuropathy. A 61-year-old female patient was treated neurologically and dentally due to suspicions of Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) and disorders of the temporomandibular joint. Recent symptoms were burning and heat, electric shock sensation related to the right side of the face and particularly the second right premolar tooth. The patient had received regular insulin therapy (type 2 diabetes mellitus) for the last 10 years and was diagnosed with diabetic polyneuropathy with a higher value of glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c (59 mmol/mol). The psychological evaluation showed an elevated anxiety level according to Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The most common neurogenic complication of type 2 DM is diabetic polyneuropathy. The functional status of the trigeminal reflex pathways was reflected through the blink reflex. There were a few existing reports of the relationship between diabetes mellitus and TN- related orofacial pain, which is discussed in this paper. 12 Jul, 2023 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-10-221.php Introduction: The impacts of COVID-19 are enormous and global-wide. Especially, medical treatment activities have been canceled or postponed to avoid the risk of contracting the virus. To prevent the transmission of the COVID-19, methods including early screening, isolation, mass mask use, etc. were applied during the pandemic. Due to the high percentages of vaccination and public policies, the transmission of COVID-19 is under-control. Main text: For dental care settings, researchers have proposed guidelines for the highest-risk group of healthcare professionals to mitigate the possibility of COVID-19 transmission. Nowadays, patients are flowing to reschedule dental appointments which have been canceled or postponed during the pandemic because of the proper control of COVID-19 transmission. Some dental clinics take certain steps to ensure the safety of patients as well as the treatment team. Conclusion: Some reminders are offered to the dental administrator to keep vigilant while providing quality service for the needed patients. 30 Jun, 2023 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-10-220.php Both short implants (<8mm) and tooth-implant connections are, to say the least, controversial therapeutic means. However, if we take a serious look at the data in the scientific literature, we can observe favorable clinical results in both areas, enabling these therapeutic options to be accepted as Evidence-Based Dentistry. 21 Feb, 2023 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-10-219.php Cranberries are known to prevent urinary tract infection and it is also helpful in maintaining oral health. Cranberry juice is a widely consumed and recommended beverage for preventing urinary tract infections. Clinical studies in women have shown that cranberries help to stop the recurrence of infection, as the evidence showed the presence of various extracts of cranberries in the patients’ urinary tracts, proving the effectiveness and the mechanism. The primary compound involved in the fight against the infection is Proanthocyanidin A which is now the focus of studies to treat common diseases such as Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, as well as dental caries and periodontal disease, from which it is speculated the mechanism involves disrupting the bacterial adhesion. 14 Dec, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-9-218.php Routine screening for infectious dental foci prior to elective heart valve replacement may help prevent postoperative Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis (PVE), a potentially fatal complication. This systematic review assesses the effect of routine screening for infectious dental foci on the incidence of postoperative PVE. The Cochrane Library, PubMed and EMBASE databases were all searched for relevant primary studies. The GRADE system was used to rate the studies. Three primary studies with a very low level of evidence were included in the review. No significant difference was found between the incidence of PVE in groups with or without routine screening for infectious dental foci prior to heart valve replacement. The results of this review do not support or disprove the need for preoperative screening for infectious dental foci to prevent PVE in patients undergoing heart valve replacement. Further research is necessary. 09 Dec, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-9-217.php Hinduism is one of the world’s most populous religions. A matter in everyday dentistry is the use of products and materials that could limit dental treatment options because of religion. Menopause is a specific and critical period in a woman’s life when dental restorations or other dental procedures are needed. Some menopausal women face difficulty when performing dental care due to restrictions concerning their religion or vomiting symptoms. Religion and a hypersensitive vomit reaction in menopause may prevent the dental provider from choosing extended or complicated dental, mainly prosthodontic, treatment plans including bone grafts and dental implants, and consequently, these parameters can affect menopausal women’s quality of life. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature and to report a case of a 60-year-old Hindu menopausal woman, partially edentulous with an exaggerated vomiting reaction, focusing on successful clinical management using a simple but effective table salt technique for the gag reflex and proper fixed and removable prostheses design, as also to discuss how Hinduism affects the dental treatment plan, especially prosthodontic, because some products and their consistency used in dental implants and prosthodontics, are usually not acceptable due to this religion, affecting also menopausal womens’ quality of life. Because of the shift of population globally, the scientific community faces patients of different religions, faiths, traditions, and beliefs, and has to adjust socially to new conditions. 10 Nov, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-9-216.php All countries use the First-to-File system. An inventor may feel very tense about the time race and the physical and cyber security of his intellectual properties. Biomedical researchers and inventors are particularly vulnerable since most of them may not possess enough IT knowledge to maintain cyber security. An Intellectual Property Safe System to protect the initial draft and/or prototypes is suggested. 18 Oct, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-9-215.php Recommendations to obtain the best bonding to silica-based ceramics are to prepare its surface by hydrofluoric-acid HF etching and regular application of a silane. This study investigated how the HF-etching followed by ultrasonic water bath cleaning or by an additional phosphoric acid treatment impacts the adhesion properties of a resin (G-CEM LinkForce®) with a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS Emax Press, Ivoclar Vivadent). Comparison is based on results obtained with HF etching and direct silane application. After HF-etching, a water ultrasonic bath (4 minutes), and a final air drying, the scratch test critical load increases (+ 46%) thanks to chemical bonding. Additional tests are presented including heat treatments (at 85 °C before and after silanization). If HF-etching is followed by phosphoric acid treatment and drying of silane at 85 °C, scratch test critical load increases (+ 42%) due to mechanical bonding. Similar adhesion properties are obtained with two opposite protocols. 18 Oct, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-9-214.php Introduction: Class II malocclusion is one of the most prevalent malocclusions. The Class II malocclusions are caused due to forwardly placed maxilla, the backward position of the mandible, or a combination of both these factors. This disparity in skeletal base growth and position can be corrected during growth spurts using functional and fixed functional appliances. Description: An adolescent boy with Class II division 1 malocclusion, retrusive mandible, and increased overjet was treated with a pre-adjusted edgewise appliance (0.022-slot Gemini 3M -MBT prescription) along with a fixed functional appliance, Forsus TM Fatigue Resistant Device. The Skeletal age of the patient assessment using Hand wrist radiograph and CVM showed a major part of the adolescent growth spurt to be completed. Pre-treatment and post-functional cephalograms were traced and superimposed to compare changes in the skeletal base and dental structures. Result: The Class II molar and canine relationships were corrected to class I and the mandible showed forward positioning leading to correction for the skeletal base to class I. The facial profile showed marked improvement to an orthognathic pleasing profile. Conclusion: The purpose of this case report is to emphasize on use of fixed functional appliances in the treatment of adolescents with skeletal base discrepancies like Class II division 1 malocclusion. Intervention with fixed functional appliances at the appropriate skeletal age can prevent the need for extractions or other surgical procedures that may be needed to correct the malocclusion. 23 Sep, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-9-213.php Nowadays, the process of transferring intra-oral information from the dental office to dental laboratories has been a current reality in dentistry. The number of advantages presented in this process include work accuracy, patient acceptance, a transfer, and storage information facility, three-dimensional visualization, and an increase in time efficiency [1]. 17 Aug, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-9-212.php Introduction: External resorptions often occur as a lesion of inflammatory origin. The origin of the process begins on the side of the root cementum and goes towards the pulp of the tooth. The changes consist of the pathological loss of root cement, dentin, and bone surrounding the tooth. The dynamics of the process are enhanced by inflammatory or necrotic pulp changes. Aims: This study aimed to present contemporary views on the resorption of external tooth roots and the possibility of their treatment. Material and methods: The technique of observation and clinical and radiological diagnostics were used by the case-by-case method Result: Endodontic treatment was undertaken, consisting of chemo-mechanical preparation of the canal system and simultaneous obturation of the gutta percha canals with the AH + sealant and the BL thermal system. Conclusions: The applied treatment inhibited the progression of the resorption and led to the healing of periapical periodontitis. 04 Aug, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-9-211.php Sickle cell disease is defined as two abnormal beta-globin genes at least one of which is the sickle cell gene denoted by the capital letter S [1]. Other Abnormal beta-globin-genes are denoted either by capital letters of the alphabet C D E G K … [2] or by the name of the place where the abnormal haemoglobin was found, for example, Haemoglobins Korle Bu [3], Osu-Christiansborg [4], K Woolwich [5] all of which are qualitative beta-globin gene abnormalities. There can, however, be a quantitative beta-globin gene abnormality which then is called beta-thalassemia and which I denote as beta-thal. 30 Jul, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-9-210.php Background: Poor oral health among the elderly has been measured in terms of tooth loss, dental caries, high prevalence rates of periodontal disease, xerostomia, and oral precancer/cancer around the world. Aim: The study's goal is to see how posterior occluding pairs and the total number of natural teeth in the mouth affect everyday activity in the elderly. Materials and methods: It was cross-sectional research with 300 participants drawn from a physiotherapy hospital by convenience sampling. The participants were asked about their age, gender, cigarette usage, oral hygiene practices, regularity of use, type of materials utilized, quality of life dental health and other xerostomia symptoms. The oral influences on the daily performance index were used to measure the effects on daily performance. The number of NT and POPs was counted during a clinical evaluation. Results: The studied population's general average age was 63.81 4.50, with no statistically significant differences between men and women. Overall, the research sample had a mean number of NT of 24.76 7.21, with men having 25.90 6.29 and women having 23.32 8.03. Conclusion: The number of NT and POPs was discovered to be important determinants of daily performance among the geriatric population. 05 May, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-9-209.php Phytotherapy is the study of the use of extracts from the natural origin as medicines or health-promoting agents. Plant products have long been used in dentistry as part of various dental materials right from impression materials to eugenol, which forms an integral part of the dental clinic. The use of herbs in dental practice is not limited to only material sciences. A single herb shows a variety of effects like anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal activity, and many more. Hence the incorporation of these herbs in dental practice will prove to be a valuable adjunct to dental treatment. 19 Jan, 2022 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-9-208.php Introduction: Despite scientific advances and the fact that caries is preventable, dental caries are still the most prevalent dental affliction of childhood within developing countries. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess dental caries in 12-year-old children from Resen municipality suited at the Pelagonia region of the Republic of North Macedonia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, primary school children from sixth grades (N=158 ) were selected from (5) primary schools from the Resen municipality. The Dental status of the children was evaluated during 2020 year, using the 2013 World Health Organization caries diagnostic criteria for Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) by 2 calibrated examiners. Data obtained during the survey was stored in a database and statistical analysis with SPSS v.21(IBM). Using the t-test, the data were tested for possible statistically significant differences. A p value< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Parental consent was obtained for each child. Results: The total number of children (N=158) in the sample was comprising 71(44.94% ) females and 87(55,06%) males. The mean DMFT score of the whole sample was 1.82±1.82. The average DMFT score within female children was 1.70±2.03, while within male children was 1.92±1.64. The average DMFT score within children from urban area was 1.71±1.65, while within children from rural area was 1.94±1.98. The prevalence of caries free children was 36.08%. Conclusion: Тhe prevalence of dental caries within 12-year-old children from the Resen municipality and its surrounding was 63.92%. 07 Sep, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-8-207.php Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common condition with a higher prevalence in middle-aged men. Even though it is a common condition, OSA is frequently undiagnosed. Methods: This article discusses the prevalence of OSA, common signs and symptoms, complications, screening and diagnosis, and management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea from the current literature. Results: Daytime sleepiness has been reported to be a common symptom in patients with OSA. This has been shown to pose a risk to the patient especially when driving as it may lead to higher rate of automobile accidents. Early screening, Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management can help the patients with OSA at an early stage and prevent the advancement of OSA into advanced stages. Conclusions: Dentists and orthodontists can contribute to the health and well-being of patients with OSA by undertaking screening of such patients and referring to the physicians for an established diagnosis. Furthermore, with the guidance and recommendation of the patient’s physician, dentists and orthodontists can play a role in the management of patients with OSA. 16 Aug, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-8-206.php The developmental anomalies can be in the form of mild alteration in shape of crown or root such as development of an extra supernumerary cusp in both primary and permanent dentition. Such developmental disturbances are rare in permanent dentition. Parastyle is one common form of accessory cusp of permanent mandibular molar. Though its presence is not an alarming condition, it is of great importance in medicolegal cases. We herein report a case of parastyle on permanent maxillary second molar, its development, classification, histopathological appearance and its clinical implications. 12 Aug, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-8-205.php Objective: To assess awareness of sports players regarding the emergency management of sports injuries in oro facial region. Methods: A self-administered, validated online questionnaire consisting of 10 questions based on knowledge of sports players regarding the emergency management of traumatized teeth was distributed among 90 (30 boxers, 30 mixed martial arts,30 Tae kwon do) players of National Sports University, Imphal. The data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: In our study majority of players (86.7%-96.7%) encountered trauma while playing and 70%-93% of participants among them has previous experience in managing those trauma cases. Majority of participants reported that soft tissue injuries (70%-80%) are more common than hard tissue injuries (20%-30%) while playing. Only 13% -36% participants knew that tetanus toxoid injection is necessary in dental trauma cases while 33%-60% of participants has no idea about such measure. On knowledge regarding management of these soft tissue tears 10%-33.3% reported they wipe the area neatly and apply turmeric over it, 30%-33% participants apply an ointment /dettol /spirit and 33.3%-60% prefer to visit a dentist. Only 30%-33.3% participants of our study reported to seek professional help immediately if a permanent tooth has been knocked out, and 23-26.6% reported to seek help within 30 minutes. Conclusion: The level of knowledge, in dental emergency procedures was satisfactory among all participants. Further, rigorous training on Dental Emergency management measures need to be given. 05 Jul, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-8-204.php Introduction: There has always been debate regarding the relationship between vertical growth pattern and obstruction of the upper and lower pharyngeal airways. Objectives: The present study was conducted to compare the dimensions of airway in cephalometric radiographs of patients with skeletal class I, II and III malocclusions, which all have a vertical growth pattern. Methods: 66 lateral cephalometric radiographs, all of which had a vertical growth pattern, were selected, and divided into three groups (class I, II and III). The points and reference lines required to measure the area of the airway were identified. The percentage of the nasopharyngeal area occupied by the airway was calculated, and data were analyzed by SPSS version 25 software. The results were presented using ANOVA analysis of variance and multiple comparisons of Tukey HSD. The significance level was 0.05 (P <0.05). Results: The mean percentage of nasopharyngeal space occupied by the airway was 44.72% in class I, 45.58% in class II, and 49.12% in class III, but their differences were not statistically significant. Bony depth of nasopharyngeal space in class I is greater than in class II and class II greater than in class III, which had a significant difference between class I and class III (P value= 0.027). Also, the bony height of the nasopharyngeal space in class III was greater than in class I and class I greater than in class II, which was significantly different between classes II and III (P value= 0.017). Conclusion: Anterior-posterior malocclusion does not affect the nasopharyngeal bone area, the adenoid area, and the airway area, as well as the percentage of the air area. 22 May, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-8-203.php Error in placement of maxillary anterior teeth in complete denture contributes to artificial senile appearance, thus not satisfying the aesthetic values that patient deserves. Material and Method: A total of 249 patients were selected between 17-40 years of age. Patients had normal dentition, well aligned arches with all teeth present. Arch form was assessed by using 3M Unite template. Shape of incisive papilla was marked on cast. Measurement of horizontal distance between posterior border of incisive papilla and labial surface of maxillary central incisor was done with digital vernier caliper. Result: Square form had minimum mean distance (11.76+1.59 mm). Tapered form had maximum mean distance (12.43=1.74 mm). For ovoid form, the mean distance was 12.19+1.24 mm. Overall, cylindrical shape was the most common (34.1%) followed by pear (26.5%), flame (20.1%) and dumbel or round shape (6% each). Statistical evaluation revealed that there was no significant difference among different arch forms with respect to shape of incisive papilla. Conclusion: Distance between incisive papilla and maxillary central incisor is independent of arch form and shape of Incisive papilla. 15 Apr, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-8-202.php Background: Tell-show-do is the gold standard for children's anxiety and behavior control. However, there are other techniques, including video games, which can also be efficient. Aim: To evaluate the effect of a dentistry smartphone game on children's anxiety on a treatment session using two scales in comparison with the conventional tell-show-do method. Design: In this randomized clinical trial, children were divided into two groups with coin-flipping. They were taken to the unit and the pulse-oximeter was attached to their fingers to measure their heart rate. Then the techniques were applied to them regarding their group. The intervention group played with the game instead of tell-show-do, which the comparison group received. The procedure was filmed except for the intervention phase. After treatment, children were asked about their tolerated pain with the Wong-Baker index. Finally, two pediatric dentistry professors evaluated recorded films for children's anxiety by the Venham scale. Results: A total of 85 children enrolled in the tell-show-do group and 58 in the game group. The game group marks were significantly (p≤0.001) lower than the tell-show-do group marks in mean Venham scale (1.25±0.74 vs 1.98±1.04), mean heart rate during treatment (105.22±8.22 vs 111.35±13.15), heart rate difference in the intervention phase (-16.43±20.06 vs 0.47±23.58) and heart rate difference in the injection phase (7.26±17.86 vs 22.24±18.05). The pre-injection heart rate data was not significant (p=0.11). Conclusion: It seems that the video game method has appropriate efficiency for anxiety control compared with the tell-show-do method. (IRCT.ir IRCT20190720044281N1). 10 Apr, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-8-201.php Periodontal diseases, is the infection of the periodontal tissues which eventually can lead to loss of teeth, is a form of aberrant inflammation resulting from a complex biofilm of friendly commensal and periodontopathic bacteria and their products, triggering the human inflammatory response. The cluster analysis has shown that 6 closely associated bacterial complexes are associated with it which are designated with different color codes. The early colonizers are “Blue complex” consisting of Actinomyces species, “Yellow complex” comprising of various Streptococci, “Green complex” comprising Eiknella corrodens and Capnocytophaga species, and “Purple complex” comprising Veillonella parvula and Actinomyces odontolyticus. The late colonizers are “Orange complex” comprising Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Campylobacter and other bacteria and the “Red complex” chiefly consisting of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema Denticola. 22 Mar, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-8-200.php Alteration in size of gingiva is one of the clinical features of periodontal disease. Increase in size of gingiva, which is termed as gingival enlargement or gingival over growth is a common clinical sign of gingival disease and a matter of great clinical concern. Increase in size alters the physiologic contour of gingiva, creates areas of plaque accumulation, intereferes with regular oral hygiene procedures and creates aesthetic problems. In severe cases, it interefere with mastication and phonation. Enlargement may involve one or more components of gingiva. Depending on the involvement of components of gingiva and distribution, gingival enlargement can be Localized, genaralized, marginal, papillary, diffuse and discrete. Depending on etiology and pathogenesis, it can be classified as inflammatory enlargement, fibrotic enlargement, combined enlargement, enlargement associated with systemic conditions, neoplastic enlargement and false enlargements. 19 Mar, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-8-199.php Background and objective: Root fracture is relatively rare and represents only 0.5-7% of all dental trauma, its incidence is higher in children than in adults and depending on the way it occurs it can be vertical or horizontal , which depends on its location in the case of horizontal fracture, it can be generated at the level of the cervical, middle or apical third of the root, which depends on multiple factors such as the delay in treatment, the type of splint used, age, and fixation time, the healing of the separated fragments may be impaired. Traditionally for the management of root fractures, rigid immobilizations were used for long periods of time, however, currently the management has changed towards the use of more flexible splints such as nylon, orthodontic wires, sutures, among others. The objective of this study is to present the case of a 21-year-old male who suffers a motorcycle accident with multiple trauma injuries including subluxation, root fractures combined with complicated coronal fracture, root fracture with extrusive luxation and individual complicated coronal fracture; splinted with nylon and delayed in treatment for 15 days. Results: it was managed with nylon splinting (fishing line) from tooth 14 to 24 for 25 days with root canal therapy in several teeth; After clinical and radiographic follow-up at 10 weeks, there is evidence of absence of symptoms, return of functionality, different types of segment consolidation despite the delay in treatment and high diastasis of the root fragments. Conclusion: Early diagnosis with the necessary procedures during trauma management, knowledge of the healing processes and adequate follow-up are key to a correct approach to root fractures. 19 Mar, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-8-198.php Myofunctional Dentistry is a treatment that acts in the re-education of facial and masticatory muscles, correcting bad myofunctional habits such as mouth breathing, atypical swallowing and incorrect tongue positioning, directs the growth and correct development of the cranio-cervical-mandibular complex structures and helps in alignment and leveling of teeth in patients of all ages. Myobrace is a myofunctional device of Australian technology that promotes the correction of habits and dental alignment without the use of brackets. The objective of the work was to present a literature review of the Myobrace device. To this end, a survey was carried out in research bases (Medline, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Lilacs and BBO) between the years 2019 and 2020, focusing on randomized clinical studies, prospective non-randomized longitudinal studies, systematic and meta-reviews analyzes, clinical cases that used Myobrace. As a result, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles were found, which were used to carry out this work. It is concluded that orthodontic treatment cannot be considered a contributing factor for the development of temporomandibular disorders. 16 Mar, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-8-197.php Introduction: The article «Organization of dental services in the Voronezh region» - a large subject of the Russian Federation (RF), the features of the organization of dental care for adults and children are considered. Materials and methods: Analytical methods and extracts of data from reports of medical organizations of the dental profile of the Voronezh Region for 2017-2019 were used. In accordance with the action plan of the Department of Health of the Voronezh Region, the issues of primary prevention of dental diseases among the population of the Voronezh Region are covered within the framework of the state program of the Russian Federation «Development of Health Care». When considering. Results: The current state of science and practical health care to preserve the health of the population is reflected, and at the same time, the relevance of dental research remains unchanged. The working dental organizations of the region are described. The analysis of literature sources and reporting materials showed the importance of dynamic observation of medical and social indicators, conditions and lifestyle, the level and structure of dental morbidity, and the demographic situation. The author of the work is well aware of the importance of the background of dental measures aimed at prevention (first of all) and treatment (if necessary). Speaking about the indicators of morbidity in dentistry, the author emphasizes the need to study it to assess the public health of the entire population. Conclusion: It is emphasized that the priority directions of the development of the dental service of the Voronezh region can be considered (including recommended to other regions): strict implementation of the Program of State Guarantees to the population of the region, equipping dental departments and offices in accordance with the standards of equipment, improving the availability, safety and quality of dental care to the population, as well as the priority of prevention in the field of health protection, including through the school dental service. 06 Mar, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-8-196.php Introduction: The dental treatment of an autistic patient is the most difficult and the patient's collaboration is often lacking. Objective: Thus, the objective of this report is to present a clinical case of a non-collaborating autistic patient in which it is the only viable option for carrying out treatment under general anesthesia in a hospital environment. Case report: Male patient, 24 years old, who was consulted for a dental appointment for the first time to assess the oral cavity. It was observed that there is a need for dental treatment and extractions. The patient was non-verbal, uncooperative and aggressive. Altered behavior control was indicated for general anesthesia for treatment dental care. Result: All dental treatment was performed with the patient under general anesthesia, including prophylaxis with prophylactic masses, a restoration and two extractions in the upper arch and one extraction in the lower arch. Conclusion: General anesthesia allows adult autistic patients not to cooperate to be considered effective and with quality. 01 Mar, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-8-195.php Oral rehabilitation in child is an odontopediatric challenge once the restorative treatament needs to be done in quick procedures and few visits for maintain cooperative child behaviour. With these objectives in mind, the present report describes an oral rehabilitation using fixed prosthesis (overdenture) in a 3-year-old boy who had early childhood caries and whose dental roots had been endodontically treated. The use of this device is a good aesthetic and functional solution for early teeth lost. Thus, this treatment approach allowed a harmonic dental maintenance in relation to other structures of the stomatognathic system, thus supporting the maxillary development and guiding the eruption of the permanent teeth, in addition to increasing patient and family satisfaction. 17 Feb, 2021 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-8-194.php Dens Invaginatus (DI) and talon cusp are rare dental malformations involving complicated clinical and anatomical features and pose many approaches to managing the case. In this case, lingual caries led to pulp necrosis on tooth #10 with two Type II Oehler's DI chambers with talon cusp. Nonsurgical endodontic treatment was achieved using modern endodontic techniques and material. On the other hand, tooth #7 with Type I Oehler’s DI with lingual caries was not associated with pulp pathosis and indicated with a preventative treatment approach. 09 Dec, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-193.php Irrigation is a key part of successful root canal treatment as it fulfils several important mechanical, chemical and (micro) biological functions including the healing of periapical tissues. It is the only way to reach and impact those areas of the root canal wall which are not touched by mechanical instrumentation. The initial and primary endodontic treatment (rootcanal treatment) goal must be to optimize root canal disinfection and to prevent reinfection. All over the years many materials have been used to serve as endodontic irrigants particularly sodium hypochloride and EDTA. However there are also other solutions available which can be used for the purpose of irrigation. So, in this article we will narrate different types of irrigating solutions with their specifics, requirements, which can be used in future endodontic practice, and their advantages and limitations. 25 Nov, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-192.php Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma is one of the most common reactive lesions of connective tissue located on gingivae. It appears as a well-defined, benign, fibrous overgrowth and is associated with chronic trauma or irritation. It can be pedunculated or sessile, usually covered by smooth normal epithelium and it can sometimes appear ulcerated as a result of mechanical trauma. Conventional treatment of Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma includes excision of lesion down the level of periodontal ligament and periosteum. Another contemporary modality of excising oral soft-tissue lesions are dental lasers. They have been widely accepted and increasingly used in daily practice. More specifically, in oral soft tissue surgery, lasers minimize operative and postoperative bleeding, swelling and scarring, and are easy to handle. Moreover, lasers do not alter the microarchitecture of the biopsy specimen and are well accepted by the patients. In this case report, we present a 30-year old man diagnosed with a recurrent peripheral ossifying fibroma in the mandibular incisors’ region. The patient was firstly diagnosed with peripheral ossifying fibroma at the age of 18 and had a few recurrence episodes after excision of the lesion with traditional surgical treatment. This oral lesion was excised by using diode laser (980nm), and the specimen was sent for histopathological analysis. In this case report we describe advantages and superiority of diode laser application in excision of Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma. In general, diode laser may be an alternative reliable and effective treatment option for excision of oral soft-tissue lesions. 17 Nov, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-191.php Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the cranial base and jaw base in a sample of Sudanese orthodontic patients. Material and methods: one hundred and twenty lateral Cephalograms from university of Khartoum orthodontic department archive 60 males, 60 females, age 18.3 ± 4.3 years old, were classified into 3 sagittal malocclusion groups (40 individuals each) according to their ANB angle. A cephalometric analysis of the study variables of the cranial base (NSBa, N-S, S-Ba, N-Ba) and jaws bases (SNA, SNB, ANB, A-Co, Gn-Co) was carried out, the morphological characteristics of the cranial and jaw bases in the three groups were compared using One-way ANOVA test and Pearson’s coefficient correlation analysis. Results: Cranial base angle and cranial base lengths did not show significant differences between the main classes of malocclusion studied. However, jaw size was statistically significant different between the 3 groups, longer maxilla was found in Class II group and the mandible was longer in Class III group. Strong significant relation was found between SNA, SNB and NSBa in the three groups. Positive correlation was found between cranial base lengths and maxillary and mandibular lengths among the three groups. Conclusion: Cranial base angulation and lengths has no major role in developing malocclusion. 27 Oct, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-190.php Aims: This is a cross sectional; longitudinal retrospective study to find our reasons for placement of amalgam restoration at a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria and the most common classes of amalgam cavity prepared for amalgam restoration. Material & methods: The record of patients also offended the dental centre of hospital in Nigeria was used for this study and all II records were centralized to separate those that attended the Conservation Dental Clinic for placement were recalled for a cross-examination and comparison with the records. Results: Out of the 431 patients recalled, two hundred and seventy seven turned up (64.3%). Two thousand and ninety four restoration were placed in regular attendees with classes I,II & V Accounting for 60.08%, 36.77% and 3.16% of all restorations placed respectively, primary caries accounted for 74.1% of all restoration placed, fractured restoration 16.1 % defective margins 3.7%; secondary caries 2.8% dislodged restoration 1.2 %;overcharging amalgam restoration 0.4% cervical abrasion 1.3 % and other reasons which include attrition, iatrogenic preparation accounted for 0.3%. The reasons given for failure in the pooled study was seen repeating itself in that order in Class I and II. Discussion: Class I restorations was the most commonly placed restoration followed by class II and class V restoration, the most common cause of failure in this study in all the classes of restoration was fractured amalgam restoration and the percentage is much higher for class II restorations. This may be due to the high masticatory load it is subjected to as a result of the cultural diet effect practiced in this environment, whereas in other studies carried out in the Caucasian region and other developed economies, secondary caries form the major reason for placement of restoration. Clinical significance: Amalgam fillings are the most commonly performed restoration when treating caries but data in the developing countries on amalgam is sparse and dearth. It is of importance to know the longevity, the failure pattern, shortcoming of the restoration and to find out if the dates in developed countries tally with developing world for analysis and comparison. Conclusion: Dietary habit may be a major reason in failure of amalgam restoration and it is important to note that cultural background may be a deciding factor in the types of failure seen. The problem of over diagnosis of carious lesion may also play a part in primary caries especially in the Teaching Hospital/Dental College unlike what is seen in General Dental centres or Hospital, because Dental students and resident doctors in training are involved in the clerking and treatment of patients. 08 Sep, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-189.php Excellent osseointegration of biomaterial is very important for the stability of dental implants in clinical field. Much has been learned about this concept and significant improvements on the design and surface modification of implants have been done in the implant dentistry. Recently, some clinical studies have also reported that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound Irradiation (LIPUS) might enhance the osseointegration (bone-bonding) by means of X-ray radiographic evaluation. We have already reported that the LIPUS could accelerate the bone-like hydroxyapatite precipitation on the bioactive material surface, which corresponds to osseointgration function. In this review, the mechanism of osseointegration enhanced by LIPUS was presented by the data of our in vitro and in vivo study on hydroxyapatite surface using a Scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. This review suggested that the formation of bone-like apatite on material surface is very important for rapid and firm osseointegration success, which might depend on the initial epitaxial nucleation and crystal growth of apatite on the surface, and LIPUS could activate this crystallization process. 01 Sep, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-188.php Aims: In this article; we will reviews critically important basic structures routinely encountered in implant therapy. It can be a brief anatomical reference for beginners in the field of dental implant surgeries. Highlighting the clinical importance of each anatomical structure can be beneficial for fast informations refreshing. Also it can be used as clinical anatomical guide for implantologist and professionals in advanced surgical procedures. Background: Basic anatomy understanding prior to implant therapy; it's an important first step in dental implant surgery protocol specifically with technology advances and the popularity of dental implantation as a primary choice for replacement loosed teeth. A thorough perception of anatomy provides the implant surgeon with the confidence to deal with hard or soft tissues in efforts to restore the exact aim of implantation whether function or esthetics and end with improving health and quality of life. Collection and citation of more than eighty published articles discuss anatomical importance in implant dentistry and reviews the clinical importance of each landmarks can affect the dental implant procedures in different situations. Conclusion: Though knowledge and understanding of the anatomical basics before surgery can reduces unsolicited complications and reducing the success criteria subsequently affect patients satisfactions. However, certain anatomic sites may be challenging concerning treatment plan as maxillary sinus area of inferior alveolar nerve area. 15 Jul, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-187.php Anterior Crossbite (AC) originates from skeletal alterations, functional, dental or their association, and may have genetic and/or environmental influences. Its prevalence varies between 2.2% and 12% depending on age, ethnicity and the type of AC. During the primary dentition, it varies between 4% and 7%. The aim of this paper is to present two clinical cases of anterior crossbite correction in the primary dentition, in which the Eschler appliance was chosen for both treatments. 01 Jul, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-186.php Endodontics a specialty branch in dentistry frequently deals with endodontic emergencies and during this COVID-19 pandemic Emergency Root Canal Treatement (ERCT) is often required to manage acute pulpitis with or without space infections. There are various routes of disease transmission in endodontics. When treating patients requiring emergency access opening the treating doctor should be extremely vigilant and cautious regarding its spread and containment of COVID-19 virus by utilizing certain innovative strategies such as HEPA filters, High volume extraoral suction, and other devices manufactured from Polyethlene to safeguard from aerosols generated during emergency endodontic therapy. 04 Jun, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-185.php Anatomic Endodontic Technology (AET) is a minimally invasive endodontic preparation system. The evolution of reciprocating AET has advanced the efficiency and predictability of the enlargement of root canal system. This new advancement utilizes stainless steel shaping files to anatomically instrument the coronal and middle third of the tooth, followed by nickel titanium files to instrument the critical zone towards the apex. It eliminates or minimizes the degree and types of procedural errors that occur during shaping. 29 May, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-184.php The purpose of this study was to create a valid assessing instrument using a set of questions to examine preclinical dental education in endodontics. For this reason, we constructed the “German Endodontology Questionnaire” (GEndoQ), which assesses preclinical dental education in endodontics. In recent years and decades, various curricula in preclinical and clinical endodontic education have been evaluated at both national and international levels and the results published. However, the conception of the questionnaires that have been used have never been discussed or published. 22 May, 2020 https://www.peertechzpublications.org/articles/JDPS-7-183.pdf Treatment of common myogenic oriented orofacial pain in dentistry using occlusal orthotics has been shown to be effective in reducing masticatory muscle discomfort and dysfunction. 07 May, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-182.php Aims: Taste dysfunction is a frequent complaint in head and neck cancer patients treated with Radiation Therapy (RT), which impairs nutritional support and affects quality of life. A prospective unicenter pilot study was conducted to assess taste dysfunction of the four basic tastes (sweet, salty, bitter, sour) and umami in four patients receiving RT for head and neck cancer. Methods: In four male patients (mean age 56 years) diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (n= 2) and hypopharynx (n= 1) and undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx (n= 1), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) was administered with a total dose of 69,9 Gy on the tumor (2,12 Gy per fraction) and 54,12 Gy on risk lymph node areas at risk of suclinical disease (1,64 Gy per fraction), five times each week for 7 weeks. Cisplatin chemotherapy was administered for 3 cycles (every 21 days). The filter-paper disc was used to assess thresholds of sweet, salty, bitter, sour tastes, and the whole-mouth taste method for umami. Testing was performed before RT, at 3 weeks (during RT), at 6 weeks (during RT), at 12 months (after RT) and at 14 months (after RT). 25 Apr, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-181.php Recently rigid bronchoscopy with metal tubes has gained increasing importance, namely for interventional procedures. The objective was to examine condyle movement during rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. A method to record the tracings was developed using the CADIAX III system (GAMMA AG, Klosterneuburg, Austria). The purpose of our efforts was to find out whether rigid bronchoscopy harms the temporomandibular joint. To this end, we recorded mandible movements before, during and after operation. We also conducted a brief comparison between bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy. The majority of Heidelberg Thoraxklinik patients have a past or present history of lung cancer and as such were under considerable mental stress; this extraordinary mental situation was a factor. Extreme movements were recorded, with motion probably limited by the ligaments. We found no evidence of harm to the temporomandibular joint system. 25 Apr, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-180.php Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spread in the world. To understand how to prevent virus infection in dental clinics, case study is used in this study. Following SARS prevention, measuring body temperature, using mask, using dispersal instruments and spraying 75% alcohol are included. And clinics build standard operation procedure from patient arriving to treatment finished. Recording travel history, arranging the number of patients and accompany person are included. Isolate droplets and avoid the short distance of social contact are applied in the strategy. 11 Apr, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-179.php Among the aesthetic properties of restorative and prosthetic materials used in dentistry, color stability is an important issue. Color changes are examined using many coloring agents such as coffee, tea and mouthwash. One of these coloring agents is cigarette smoke. The rapid increase in the number of cigarette users in the world and the presence of a wide variety of dental materials have made it popular to study the impact among them. The purpose of this mini review is to evaluate the studies examining the staining effects of smoking on dental composite and denture teeth. Some studies have shown that smoking has an effect on dental materials. However, more studies are needed to examine the effect of smoking on the color stability of new dental materials. 31 Mar, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-178.php Autophagy is a cell survival mechanism that has a key role in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. In this cellular ‘clearance’ process, damaged organelles and macromolecules are transported to the lysosomes for degradation. With autophagy, a protection mechanism occurs in the cell under difficult conditions including oxidative stress and lack of growth factor. Paradoxically, in autophagy under some conditions, non-apoptotic cell death can be observed via a caspase-independent pathway. Recent, studies indicated that there is a strong correlation between the composition of the oral microbiota and the pathogenesis of oral diseases, and autophagy plays a crucial role in the development of this process. This review is focused on the molecular mechanism of autophagy and its relationship with human oral diseases. In this review, the importance of the autophagy mechanism in the maintenance of oral tissue health is emphasized. After examining the studies, we observed the importance of autophagy in response to a variety of oral diseases and aimed to present this awareness. Thus, a better understanding of autophagy will be the basis for developing new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of oral diseases. 27 Feb, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-177.php Background: Injection of dermal fillers has become one of the most frequent cosmetic procedures. Serious complications as a result are rare but can result in devastating results for both patient and clinician. Skin necrosis is one of the most severe complications and considering this, there is only very minimal incidence of such events reported in the literature along with diagnosing and treating this adverse event. Reversal agents can often resolve such complications; however, this article looks at the challenges when such agents are unavailable. 25 Jan, 2020 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-7-176.php The main goal of this pilot study is to evaluate if two different educational movie concepts regarding the failure management provide a statistically significant difference in the acquisition of manual abilities (in this case bending of a triangular clasp) for dental students. The participants of this study were dental students (n=57) from the 7th semester of the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main. Before the beginning of the study, the individual manual ability of the study participants has been assessed in the form of a pretest (Pret), based on the HAM-Man (with a scale from 0= very poor to 6= very good). 22 Oct, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-6-175.php Patients undergoing a variety of pre-prosthetic treatment regimens are commonly provided with a removable partial denture (RPD) to preserve or restore function and esthetics during this interim period. The service duration of such an interim RPD is usually limited by its inexpensive fabrication, and prolonged coverage of the abutment teeth by the denture base and clasp structures can give rise to periodontal and carious lesions. 24 Sep, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-6-174.php The demand for aesthetic, durable and quality restorations has increased signifi cantly. Teeth should be unobtrusive and ideally minimally invasive reconstructed. It is a problem to get a permanent bond between the hydrophilic dentin and the hydrophobic composite [1,2]. 21 Sep, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-6-173.php The aim of this in vitro study was to describe the shaping ability of rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments (Mtwo, VDW, Munich, Germany) with benefi cial properties in combination with two different endodontic devices (Mtwo direct and Endo IT professional) and to compare them with Mity NiTi K-Files (Loser, Leverkusen, Germany) in combination with preparation by hand in severely curved simulated root canals of acrylic blocks. 17 Sep, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-6-172.php This randomised experimental pilot study is intended to contribute to the investigations about the learning success of students in their fi rst clinical semester of dentistry using game-based learning in "Jeopardy"-setting. In dentistry, there are no studies available on this learning and teaching context. 29 Aug, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-6-171.php This multivariate, prospective, monocentric, single blind, observational study evaluates the experimental application of an interactive e-learning module under different tutorial guidance on the topic of EbD (Evidence based Dentistry). 22 Jul, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-6-170.php This multivariate, prospective, monocentric, observational pilot study evaluates the experimental acceptance and feasibility of a peer-based course concept. Those both theoretical and practical workshops were offered to dentistry students in all clinical semesters on a voluntary basis. In 9 courses a total of 45 students took part in small learning groups (n = up to 12 students). For the evaluation a questionnaire was used, which was divided into 4 domains, the competence acquisition consisting of 4 items (A), the acceptance of the course concept with 7 items (B), the framework conditions with 3 items (C) and the recommendation with 2 items (D). The rating was based on a scale of grades (1 = "very good" to 5 = "poor"). In the assessment of the acceptance of the course concept, the following results were obtained in 4 domains: In “A” the subjective optimization of manual skills increased by 0.49 ± 0.86 and the theoretical skills improved by 1.32 ± 0.60 grades. “B” being dived into the subcategories as presentation 1.26 ± 0.34; speaker 1.17 ± 0.21; visual models 1.26 ± 0.28; case examples 1.22 ± 0.24; theoretical advices 1.20 ± 0.22; practical implementation tips 1.18 ± 0.22; practical demonstration 1.22 ± 0.28. 20 Jul, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-6-169.php Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the tongue position during deglutition with respect to the occlusal plane in class III patients with teeth in centric occlusion. Methods: 24 lateral cephalometric radiographs of a group of 30 class III patients were randomly selected and divided into two 05 Jul, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-6-168.php The aim of the study was to investigate the infl uence of additive etching of dentine with phosphoric acid on the shear bond strength of two different, self-conditioning, all-in-one adhesives [Adect (ADE), and One-Up-Bond F (OUP)]. Dentine discs from 90 human molars (n = 15 per group) were exposed to penetration by Ringer's solution (60 cm height, 22 °C) by means of a perfusion device. 19 Jun, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-6-167.php The aim of this in vitro pilot study was to describe the shaping ability of a rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instrument in combination with different torque-controlled endodontic devices and to compare them with NiTi files in combination with a conventional preparation by hand in severely curved root canals of plastic blocks. Thirty blocks simulating a severely curved root canal were divided into three groups (n=10 for each). All canals were prepared with NiTi files to an ISO size of 40 using an apical-coronal preparation technique. Mity Roto 360° files (Loser, Leverkusen, Germany) were used for the automatic systems, while Mity K-Files (Loser, Leverkusen, Germany) were used for the preparation by hand. We evaluated the frequency of instrument failure, the preparation time, loss of working length, loss of weight, elbow-zip effects, and changes in root canal anatomy. 05 Jun, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-6-166.php Periodontal disease are chronic infectious disease in which bacteria initiate the host immune response determining at the end of a more or less time damage for tooth. In periodontitis, the clinical findings of bone resorption and loss of clinical attachment level around tooth are a result of inflammatory mediated alterations to the bone remodeling balance. The inflammatory infiltrate present between the plaque biofilm, bone and connective tissues regulate the host immune response to the bacteria. 12 Mar, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-6-165.php The aim of the present study was to discover what influence structured reporting (study group = A) of toothcoloured lab-fabricated restorations has on clinical decision-making following international guidelines. By way of comparison, the conventional approach in the form of short reporting with 5 items (control group = B) was used as gold standard. The study was carried out in the first clinical semester of dentistry (n = 68) at the Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main. In the study group, indirect ceramic restorations were assessed on a scale of 1 (very good) to 5 (insufficient) using structured reporting (7 items, each with 5 subgroups) in accordance to World Dental Federation (FDI) - standards. Following this, the clinical decision on the insertion of the restoration was made. To evaluate the quality of the structured reporting, sensitivity, specificity, confidence intervals (Cl) and the respective predictive values (positive = PPV, negative= NPV) were determined. Based on FDI reporting, a ceramic inlay is also favored with a great degree of certainty in clinical decisions: this was the true in 34 procedures out of a total of 38 clinically incorporated ceramic inlays [sensitivity 67% (95% CI: 46 06 Feb, 2019 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-6-164.php The aim of this randomized in vitro study is to clarify whether resin based restorative materials (RBRM) behave in a way comparable to non-resin based restorative materials (non-RBRM) in dentine-limited cavities with regard to their marginal fit. For this purpose, cylindrical standardized cavities (diameter: 3.0 +/- 0.1 mm, depth: 1.5 mm) were placed on buccal surfaces of sixty human molars and restored with three non-RBRM (glass ionomer cement, amalgam, phosphate cement) and three adhesive (composite, compomer, ormocer) restoratives. Aging of the samples was achieved by thermal cycling (500 cycles). The marginal gaps could be made visible with a dye penetration test (methylene blue 2%). Using a diamond internal hole saw, 5 cuts were made through the cavity and measured under an incident light microscope at 10x magnification. 29 Dec, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-5-163.php Sir, I want to share with your readers a case of erosive mucosal lesion due to the use of Neem juice. A patient reported with severe burning sensation intra-orally on the right posterior region. On examination, we found erosive lesions on the buccal mucosa (Figure 1). The right mandibular molars had silver amalgam restorations of eight years standing. Patient medical history was non-contributory. 20 Dec, 2018 Oral Mucosal white lesions have been commonly found in the oral cavity as white coloured patches. Although most of these lesions appear similar to each other, their identification requires an integrated approach which includes a detailed history, clinical examination and appropriate investigations. Clinically the term,” “morsicatio mucosae oris,” “morsicatio buccarum,” or “morsicatio labiarum,” has been used to describe white lesions caused due to self-inflicted behaviours in the oral cavity. The clinical appearance of such lesions depends on the severity of the habit. “Morus” means bite, buccarum or labiarum termed based on their location [1]. Constant chewing of the oral mucosa causes acute mucosal injury which further leads to an oral traumatic ulcer or chronic oral mucosal tissue injury. The lesions undergo morphological changes that appear as macerated or shredded greyish white patch caused due to repetitive habitual chewing, biting, or “nibbling” of the teeth over the mucosa. Such injuries have been clinically termed as “Morcicatio” [1]. 03 Nov, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-5-161.php Quite often it is a source of amusement and quite often it is hushed up: SNORING! One third of the adult population snores and knows the problems in everyday life which result from snoring. However, what a lot of people do not know is that snoring can be one indication of a serious health problem called obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). 13 Oct, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/doi10.17352-2394-8418.000060-jdps.php In the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with physiological disc position, the disc rotates posteriorly on the condyle to the maximum degree and the condyle translates to the maximum degree, which occurs simultaneously at the maximum mouth opening movement. Condylar hypermobility in the position of maximally open mouth leads to the subluxation of the joint, and the two terms can thus be considered synonyms. The predisposition of the morphological relations of the zenith of the articular eminence and the contours of the articular surfaces lead to an excessive anterior displacement of the condyle over the zenith eminence. In addition, the irregular movement of the disc-condylar complex can also occur. 30 Jun, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-5-159.php Forensic science is a branch that deals with a wide plethora of areas such as anthropology, migration studies and criminology. Various biological samples have been utilized to assist a scientist towards getting answers to the myriad of questions in the field. Saliva is an easily available source from victim as well as aggressors, parent-child and siblings. Various tests have been devised to aid in identifying salivary sample constituents. This paper deals with the wide utility of saliva as a forensic tool. 22 Mar, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-5-158.php A bibliographic review was made on the evidence published in the last 10 years, 2006 - 2016 about the four alternative therapeutic options for a complete prosthesis in a complete mandibular edentulous patient: overdenture on 1, 3 or 4 implants, and with the All on protocol four. For this, one of the main search engines in biomedical sciences was used, such as PubMed, through the library of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Oviedo. Throwing a total of 1539 results, that after the different fi lters of year of publication, percentile of the magazine and keywords were limited to 34 articles. 12 Mar, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-5-157.php Mucoceles are considered to be the most common oral lesion, with an approximate prevalence of around 2.4 cases per 1,000 people. The exact prevalence in children is not reported, but they are thought to occur more frequently in younger individuals when compared to adults. 06 Jan, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-5-156.php Objective: The purpose of this study is to characterize the clinical features of patients with avulsed teeth. Material and methods: This cross-sectional and retrospective study examined 81 patients with avulsion injuries and 150 avulsed teeth at National Hospital of Odonto – Stomatology, Ha Noi, Viet Nam, from January 2010 to December 2016. 02 Jan, 2018 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-5-155.php Dental implants are modern solutions, they compensate the lost tooth or teeth in the maxilla or mandible. Their target is to improve the mastication, esthetics and phonation. They are made of metal, metal alloys or non-metallic materials. 30 Nov, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-4-154.php Objective: Evaluated the effects of desensitizing dentifrices on dentinal tubule occlusion in human teeth thought qualitative and quantitative analysis. 15 Nov, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-4-153.php Solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome (SMMCI) is a complex disorder consisting of multiple, mainly midline, defects of development resulting from unknown factors and an uncertain etiology. SMMCI tooth itself is chiefl y an esthetic problem. 16 Oct, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-4-152.php In the area of education research, it is well-known that studies of a defined question are seldom replicated. Furthermore, e-learning resources with evidence-based content in dentistry have received relatively little attention from researchers. 13 Oct, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-4-151.php Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common congenital facial anomaly. About 70% of all the CLP cases and 50% of cleft palate only fall within non-syndromic pathologies. The purpose of this report was to show the clinical management of initial obturator therapy from birth to 3 months. The obturator was fabricated from the conventional orthodontic acrylic materials with cold polymerization (OrtoPoli, Polident, Slovenia). 09 Aug, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/articles/JDPS-4-150.php Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is the most common autosomal chromosome aberration in human. The incidence of the syndrome varies in 1:700 and 1:1000 live births according to various studies, with 20% of cases. In aborted material proportion is even higher, with 60% of cases. While 20% of cases with Down syndrome are stillborn. 12 Jul, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-4-149.php Reconstruction of fully edentulous arches with implant-retained dentures requires thorough planning and precise registration of the interocclusal relationship, to achieve a successful treatment outcome. 29 Jun, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-4-148.php Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of gel topical anaesthesia in second surgeries of dental implants according to the different treated areas of the oral cavity, as well as the type of oral mucosa in which is effective. 23 Jun, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-4-147.php Orthodontic relapse is the major concern in both adolescent and adult orthodontic treatment. The causes of orthodontic relapse are reported to be of various origins. 20 Jun, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-4-146.php Restoration of severely fractured/ decayed teeth requires crown restoration after endodontic therapy which is often major requisite in conservative dentistry. 16 Jun, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-4-145.php The Ultimate goal of prosthetic replacement following teeth loss, is to provide a functional restoration that is harmonious with the remaining natural dentition. To achieve this goal hard and soft tissues should be properly healed with good quality and adequate volume. 12 Apr, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-4-144.php Purpose: Highlight and discuss the properties of zirconia compared to titanium, in the case of titanium allergies. 23 Mar, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-4-143.php The normal eruption time of third molar is after 16 years of age. The impaction rate is higher for third molars when compared with other teeth. 22 Mar, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-4-142.php The development of the tooth involves many complex biological processes, including epithelial- mesenchymal interactions, differentiation, morphogenesis, fi brillogenesis and mineralization. After 37 days of development, a continuous band of thickened epithelium forms around the mouth in presumptive upper and lower jaws from the fusion of separate plates of thickened epithelium–primary epithelial band and gives rise to vestibular lamina and dental lamina [1]. 15 Mar, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-4-141.php Background: The potential for transmission of blood borne infections is highest during handling of needles and sharps. 01 Mar, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-4-140.php Background: In this present era implant dentistry has seen exponential growth and its success mainly depends upon a proper treatment planning and its execution. Radiographic imaging has a pivotal role in the planning of implant placement and follow up of implant survival. 03 Jan, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-4-139.php After it has invaded Poland, Germany will have to carry on paying the bills for Hitler’s expansion projects. Thus, thousands of men will die on the battle fields. Many more will come back crippled. 02 Jan, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-4-138.php Ben Salomon was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on September 1, 1914. He graduated from the Dental College of University of South Carolina in 1937 and soon began a dental practice. When the United States entered the war, his patriotic instinct led him to enroll in the army in 1940. 02 Jan, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-4-137.php Georges Paulin was born in Paris in 1902 [1]. From a humble background, he was a gifted child who soon got bored in school. Very early, he showed outstanding drawing skills. In 1918, his mother was killed during the bombings of the capital. He would never fully get over it. 02 Jan, 2017 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-4-136.php One day, while I was strolling along the streets of Nantes with my wife and daughter, I became intrigued by a memorial stone located on a staircase of 9, rue Boileau. A few days later, I came back with a pen to write down the text engraved on it. 01 Dec, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-135.php Background: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of an in-office desensitizing paste containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate relative to that of a commercially-available pumice prophylaxis paste when applied pre-procedurally to a dental scaling procedure (dental prophylaxis). 25 Oct, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-134.php Dental transposition is a form of ectopic eruption with change in position of normal adjacent teeth. Its prevalence is very low in general population and could be frequently missed on oral examination. This article reports a case of early orthodontic treatment of a rare unilateral mandibular right lateral incisor – canine transposition. 19 Oct, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-133.php The aim of this study was to describe the shaping ability of a rotary nickel-titanium instrument in combination with different torque-controlled endodontic devices in severely curved root canals of extracted human teeth. 14 Jul, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-132.php The aim of this clinical study was to describe the quality of posterior composite restorations (n = 329) performed on a group of patients (n=219) during an observation period of three years at various intervals (6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months) after application. 13 Jul, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-131.php The high success rate of endodontic treatments caused an increase in demand for the post-core systems in restoration of severely damaged teeth. Although metal posts are the most commonly used alternatives, the metallic color and the opaque appearance of these materials lead to discoloration of the gums and the roots. 09 Jul, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-130.php A 3 week-old male presented with ulceration on the ventral surface of the tongue. His parents informed that the patient had poor nutrients intake due to pain caused by tongue ulcer. The intraoral exploration showed ulceration of 10 mm diameter enclosed with a white fibrinous layer, situated on the ventral area of the tongue and two crows of neonatal teeth located in the mandibular anterior region (Figure 1). The incisal edges of teeth were smoothened about 2 mm. During a one–month follow-up his tongue ulcer disappeared. 04 Jul, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-129.php Jean-Joseph Dubois-Foucou was born in Toulon on February 19, 1748. He studied surgery in the hospital of the same town and in the “Hôpital de la Charité”, the current University of Medicine. He graduated from surgery and was entitled master surgeon in 1766. On July 22, 1771, he officially became the member of the Royal Academy of Surgery in Paris. From this day, he practiced as a dental surgeon. 23 Jun, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-128.php Background: Smoking is considered as a global epidemic. Its adverse effects are well known which ranges from staining of teeth to life threatening diseases such as cancer. Smoking also has serious consequences on periodontal health and even affects periodontal treatment outcomes. Though awareness among people has increased about the ill-effects of smoking, less is known about its side effects on periodontium. 03 Jun, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-127.php Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia 2Department of Dental Anthropology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia 3Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Clinical Hospital Center “Sestre milosrdnice”, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia 04 May, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-126.php Review Numerous biological procedures are strictly controlled by cell-cell interactions, which are categorized into two forms: cognate (adhesive) interactions, attained by mutual recognition between membrane-bound cell-surface molecules; and cytokine-mediated interactions [1]. Cytokines (Greek cyto-, cell; and -kinos, movement) are a category of signaling molecules that are used extensively in cellular communication. 11 Feb, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-125.php Premolars are recognized for their aberrant root canal anatomy. The unique feature of dilacerations and multiple root canals pose utmost challenge in the endodontic management. A clinician is required to have an insight of the morphology of tooth related to its shape, form and structure prior to commencing root canal treatment. This article describes the endodontic management of two cases of aberrant root canal anatomy in premolars. 24 Jan, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-124.php Dear Readers Here we are, at the beginning of another year, at the beginning of another volume, but also at the beginning of the third year of the continuous publication of the Journal of Dental Problems and Solutions. 08 Jan, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-123.php The Surgeon General's report on oral health highlights the relationship between oral and overall health, emphasizing that oral health involves more than dentition [1]. Mouth acts as a window to lot of systemic diseases and serves as a port of entry of the various infections that can alter and affect the immune status of the person. The oral cavity has the potential to harbour at least 600 different bacterial species, and in any given patient, more than 150 species may be present, surfaces of tooth can have as many as billion bacteria in its attached bacterial plaque and oral care may not only reduce the microbial load of the mouth but the risk for pain and oral infections as well [2]. Bacterial deposition starts immediately within few hours on cleaned tooth surface and with eventual period of time layering and inter-locking of microbiological colonies lead to development of dental plaque. The process of plaque formation at microscopic level represents a highly ordered and predictable ecological succession and can be divided into three phases as illustrated in Figure 1. 08 Jan, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-122.php The aim of this study was to determine the action of desensitizing materials on bovine dentin. Four extracted healthy bovine molars were selected out of which 5 blocks from cervical region of each tooth were obtained, resulting in a 5x5mm final area. To compose the negative control group (group B), the samples were separated and not submitted to any treatment. For the positive control (Group A) the blocks were treated with 37% phosphoric acid. For allow to use the same dentin samples for all groups ( 2 controls and 3 test group), the experiment group contained twelve dentin surface blocks divided in 5 groups (n=4 in each group), as manufacturers' recommendations, there were used: Dessensibilize KF 2% - 5% Potassium nitrate and 2% sodium fluoride (C); Fluoride Gel - 2% sodium fluoride (D), Colgate Sensitive Pró-Alívio® Arginine 8% (E) and Calcium carbonate-based toothpaste (F). 08 Jan, 2016 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-3-121.php Oral health has long been considered to be a separate specialty that is distinct from whole body health. However, poor oral health can promote systemic disease, and is found concomitantly with numerous systemic disease processes. Thus, individuals with poor oral health may have a predisposition to other disease processes. A healthy mouth contains hundreds of billions of bacteria, and this number increases more than ten times if the mouth is not adequately cleaned. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory oral condition currently affecting more than 75 percent of the U.S. adult population. 31 Dec, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-120.php Dentistry being a part of health care profession bears the responsibility of creating and nurturing good dentist-patient relationships. 30 Dec, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-119.php Introduction: To investigate the possible association between presence of Epstein–Barr virus, human cytomegalovirus and three endodontic bacterial pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia) “red complex” in samples from patients with acute apical abscesses using real-time PCR. 18 Dec, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-118.php This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Carotid artery calcifications (CACs) of diabetic patients and compare it with normal non-diabetic individuals. Panoramic radiographs of 200 adult patients with type 2 diabetes (90 male and 110 females) (age range 16-79 years; mean age 40.54 years) and 200 controls (age-match, free of systemic diseases) were examined on panoramic radiographs for any unusual radiopacity adjacent to or just below the intervertebral space between C3 and C4. Statistical analysis was carried out using chi-squared and Fisher exact tests. Carotid artery calcifications (CACs) were higher in diabetic patients compared with normal healthy control and the statistical difference between the two groups was significant (Chi-square test = 10.82, P = 0.001). Twenty-five (16 females, 9 males) diabetic patients showed CACs, Mean age of diabetic patients with calcification was 47.11 years. 03 Nov, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-117.php The aim of the present study was to compare the dental caries status of the 12 year old children of the eastern region of Macedonia and Budgam district of Jammu and Kashmir state of India. 19 Oct, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-116.php Rehabilitation of lost dental aesthetic is one of the most important concerns for contemporary dentistry. Conservative treatment modality along with aesthetic approaches, such as direct and indirect laminate veneer restorations were the treatment of choice. Laminate veneers are restorations to correct aesthetic deficiencies and discolorations. Direct laminate veneers involve the application of a composite material directly to the prepared tooth surface. This case report discusses the composite mirroring using direct composite laminate veneer technique application to the re-established the aesthetic problems related to discolorations in anterior region. 06 Aug, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-115.php Peripheral ossifying fibroma is a relatively common gingival growth of reactive rather than neoplastic in nature. Clinically differentiating one from the other as a specific lesion is often difficult and requires histopathology examination. It predominantly affects adolescents and young adults, but rarely seen in infants. We report here a clinical case of peripheral ossifying fibroma in a 3 month old infant .clinical and histopathological features along with etiopathogenesis and differential diagnosis are also discussed. 06 Apr, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-114.php Oral health has become a major topic of discussion in the State of Hawaii based on the unreasonably high rates of dental caries in children, which are almost twice the average rates for children living in the mainland. Lack of water fluoridation, absence of a state dental school and recent efforts to start rebuild the previously dismantled oral health branch at the Department of Health may be contributing to these poor oral health outcomes. However, there are many more known caries risk factors which may be socially, physiologically, culturally and economically driven that have yet to be documented within the State of Hawaii. While community assessments may evaluate oral health needs of the overall community, 31 Mar, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-113.php The purpose of this case report is to compare the clinical and histopathologic features of granular cell ameloblastoma with critical review on literature. Data with respect to the histologic types regarding tumor with higher recurrence rates are also investigated. Numerous cases of ameloblastoma have been reported in the literature. However, only a few articles discuss granular cell ameloblastoma and few closely examine their nature and pathogenesis. In this case report, we analyzed the clinical and histopathologic features of granular cell ameloblastoma. 21 Mar, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-112.php Background: Regenerative procedures offer a limited potential toward achieving a complete periodontal regeneration and today, there is not any single material that can be considered as 'gold standard' in infra bony defect treatment. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is the second-generation platelet concentrate and represents a slow release system for growth factors. Use of PRF showed promising results in various periodontal surgical procedures. The aim of this report is to describe two-stage treatment of a canine tooth having an infrabony defect accompanied with a deep dehiscence by using PRF-connective tissue graft (CTG) combination. 21 Mar, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-111.php Primary oral mucosa malignant melanoma is a rare and biologically aggressive neoplasm. It is estimated about 1~2% of all oral malignancies with the incidence increasing with age. The prognosis of oral mucosa malignant melanoma is poor with the five-year survival rate is approximately 15%. The diagnosis of oral melanoma is usually delayed because it is always asymptomatic at the beginning and it resembles the epulis, amalgam tattoo or other oral lesions. In addition, nearly a third of all oral melanoma are amelanotic and may lack a radial growth phase, which makes early and accurate diagnosis even difficult. Thus, regional and distant metastases happen more frequently. Surgery is the first choice of treatment, and clinically negative necklymph nodes with neck dissection or radiotherapy are also recommended because of the high risk of subclinical regional metastasis. 11 Mar, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-110.php The approach in treating patients has shifted to a more personalized approach not only in the medical ecosystem, but becoming more evident in dental medicine. The name of the game in dentistry is "prevention", and most patients that visit the dental office, generally have issues related to their dentition, whether it be caries, a root canal, missing teeth and restorations (which can all be prevented), but a portion, presents with oral diseases that range from periodontal issues to more severe problems, such as oral cancer (also preventable, if detected early). However, the mouth also presents with oral manifestations of a larger systemic problem, including the likes of diabetes, heart and lung complications. 11 Mar, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-109.php The administration of anesthesia in dentistry is necessary to prevent pain in specific area of the oral cavity which is accomplished by blocking the branches of the trigeminal nerve. Posterior superior alveolar nerve block is most commonly used for the surgical procedures, extraction or root canal treatment of the maxillary molars (with possible exception of mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar) and buccal soft tissues. The injection of local anesthesia is usually safe but a rare complication of extraoral hematoma formation in the mandibular lower buccal region might occur due to the insertion of the needle to far posteriorly into the pterygoid plexus of veins, maxillary artery – posterior superior alveolar artery and the facial artery which is esthetically unpleasant to the patient and quite embarrassing for the dentist.This case report describe the complication of posterior superior alveolar nerve block and its management. 05 Mar, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-108.php A student globe-trotter Georges was born in Paris on May 31, 1881. Coming from a modest family and losing his father at an early age, he became the mechanic apprentice of a Parisian dentist called Georges Viau. As soon as he finished his apprenticeship, he went abroad to study dentistry in England with a dentist who soon became his private tutor. During his stay, he acquired a good knowledge of English. In 1902, when he returned to Paris, he attended the Dental School in Paris. In 1902. 11 Jan, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-107.php Immediate implants have gained a wide popularity in the recent times as patients benefit from reduced time interval between the implant placement and delivery of the final restoration.Careful treatment planning and execution of the procedure can prevent the need to undergo second stage surgery for prosthesis and thus improves the patients' compliance. An immediate placement and loading protocol has been followed in this case report. 10 Jan, 2015 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-2-106.php Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of single versus two layers of three different 7th generation adhesives. 27 Oct, 2014 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-1-104.php During the liberation of the camps, a great majority of the detainees died after eating abundantly within a short period of time. A thousand men died because the Americans and the Englishmen were totally bewildered and overwhelmed with what was in front of them. In good faith, they gave a great amount of food to the survivors without thinking of the dramatic consequences that this was going to cause. Indeed, the survivors' weakened bodies could not bear too much food. As a result, they changed their minds and they set up field hospitals which were to feed the sick through successive steps. 27 Oct, 2014 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-1-103.php Hitler [1] had very bad teeth and a very bad breath. Before the war, he asked Blaschke, his dentist, to immobilize his teeth with a dental bridge. He wanted that bridge to be placed for several years. Thus, Blaschke made an unusual and easy-to-recognize solid metal bridge. 10 Sep, 2014 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-1-102.php It is the responsibility of educators at medical institutions and departments to teach their students about writing ethics and best practices. The principle of good medical writing or scientific writing is a clear, brief, exact, and it should be honest presentation of the scientific ideas. 08 Sep, 2014 https://www.organscigroup.us/Dental-Problems-Solutions/JDPS-1-101.php Aim: The relationship between position of the maxillary structures caused by maxillary protraction therapy and airway dimensions has not been investigated as comprehensively as the skeletal changes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of treatment with a maxillary protraction appliance on upper airway dimensions.