https://www.biolscigroup.us/journals/open-journal-of-biological-sciences A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 27 Jun, 2025 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-10-139.php Consumers who scrutinize good probiotic alternatives have a stronger desire for health knowledge. This review presents a discussion of recent findings related to dairy and nondairy probiotics. Probiotic bacteria have gained popularity over the past two decades due to growing scientific evidence indicating their beneficial effects on human health. As a result, they have been incorporated into a variety of food items by various food industries that are actively researching and promoting them. Therefore, probiotics are used in a variety of items, mostly fermented dairy products. 08 Oct, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-9-138.php Background: Central nervous system intoxication can result from exposure to various toxins, including mercury chloride. Although several chelating agents are available for mercury chloride detoxification, their efficacy can diminish over time. Calotropis procera, a medicinal plant, has shown potential as a protective agent against mercury chloride-induced brain damage. This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of Calotropis procera in mitigating mercury chloride toxicity. Experimental animal design: This study investigates the protective effects of Calotropis procera against mercury chloride toxicity in Wistar albino rats. A total of 36 rats, comprising both males and females, were housed under controlled laboratory conditions and divided into two main groups based on five animals. Each group was further subdivided into five subgroups: a control group, a group treated with Calotropis procera, a group treated with mercury chloride, a group treated with both mercury chloride and Calotropis procera and a group receiving Calotropis procera alongside mercury chloride. Treatments were administered for 20 days. After the treatment period, the rats were euthanised, and brain tissues were collected for histopathological analysis. After the brain tissues were fixed in 10% saline-buffered formalin, they were processed through a series of ascending grades of ethanol to dehydrate them. The tissues were then cleared in xylene and embedded in paraffin. The paraffin-embedded brains were treated three times with pure paraffin to ensure proper infiltration and were subsequently moulded into blocks. Sections of 5 µm thickness were prepared using a Leica microtome and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) for histopathological examination. The study adhered to ethical guidelines and was approved by the relevant regulatory body. The results of this study demonstrated that mercury chloride caused significant cerebral toxicity, manifesting as inflammation and pyknosis of the nuclei. Calotropis procera reduced mercury toxicity and preserved the nuclei in male rats. In female rats, Calotropis procera completely preserved the brain tissue. 22 Jun, 2024 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-9-137.php Introduction: Treatment of Occipital Neuralgia (ON) is challenging and there is no consensus about how to treat it. Current drug therapy is based on different medications from first-line pain-killers up to opioid analgesics but more importantly on antiepileptic medications and classically CARBAMAZEPINE (CA). Methods: In this paper, we present our experience with the medical treatment of ON by comparison of the four most frequently used medications in 133 patients. Results: Analysis of data from our study showed that PREGABALINE (PR) was on average the most effective drug with 60% satisfactory results. AMITRIPTYLINE (AM) with 53.30% ranked second. AM had the highest (14.29%) and GABAPENTINE (GA) had the lowest (8.82%) rates of side effects. Discussion: In this study, we evaluated and compared the efficacy of four medications in the treatment of occipital neuralgia. In first and second-line treatment, the efficacy of PR appears to be higher than CA. 19 Jul, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-8-136.php The present study was investigated to isolate probiotic lactic acid bacteria from Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi fruit) pulp. A total of eight isolates were found and two of them were probiotic LAB strains. The both A2 and A5 isolates strains were Gram-positive, catalase and oxidase negative, non-spore forming, non-motile, rod or short cocci shaped bacteria. The A2 and A5 strains both survived well in conditions of low pH, 0.4% phenol and high bile salt concentrations. They could grow at different temperatures and were resistant to different NaCl concentrations. A study was also conducted on the various probiotic and safety attributes of isolates. Bacteriocins, a kind of ribosomal protein produced by LAB, were estimated using the Folin-Lowery method. The formation of bacteriocins was influenced by various physical and chemical factors. The result demonstrates that the optimum conditions for the production of bacteriocins by the A2 strain were glucose as carbon source, pH 6.5, 2% NaCl and 1% bile salts. For the A5 strain, sucrose as a carbon source, pH 6.5, 1% NaCl and 1% bile salt were optimum conditions for bacteriocin production. Study was also conducted on exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, adhesion characteristics, antagonistic activity and antibiotic sensitivity. Probiotic curd (Dahi) formation was done and several parameters of curd like pH, total lactic acid concentration and water-holding capacity were all investigated. 11 May, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-8-135.php In order to determine the risks to human health associated with the use of certain medicinal plants, including Aframomum melegueta, Garcinia kola and Picralima nitida in a preclinical evaluation of the resistance, a pool of these three aqueous extracts was given once daily for ten days by gavage in Wistar rats. Haematological and biochemical analyzes after oral administration revealed a decrease in certain hepatic biomarkers such as glucose, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), etc., and renal biomarkers such as urea, creatinine, and creatinine kinase); increase in certain biomarkers such as Aspartate Transaminase (AST), an indicator of kidney and liver capacity. 13 Apr, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-8-134.php Some aspects of the physiology of the corals Seriatopora hystrix and Lobophyllia corymbosa described in this paper. At the study site, the lowest mean of seawater temperature is 27.42 °C and 27.17 °C at 5m and 10m depths respectively during winter, while the maximum mean of seawater temperature was 32.67 °C and 31.17 °C in 5 m and 10 m depths respectively during summer. L. corymbosa, had a lower number of zooxanthellae 0.05×105 , 0.43×105 , 0.06×105 and 0.46×105 mg-1 dry tissue weight than S. hystrix 0.19 ×105 , 5.1 ×105 , 0.27×105 and 9.59×105 mg-1 dry tissue weight in two season and two depths respectively. The mean respiration rate of whole colonies of S. hystrix was higher than that of L. corymbosa at the same depths both in summer and winter. The mean dark respiration rate decreases with increasing depths. The mean photosynthesis vs irradiance curves of S. hystrix and L. corymbosa were plotted to the hyperbolic tangent function (Chalker,1981) for summer and winter season. The growth rate was linear during each period of measurement during summer, the highest mean daily skeletal growth rate of S. hystrix was 2.3 ± 1.3 (20) mg.skel.d-1 in 10m depth and it was 1.6 ± 0.5 (21) mg .skel.d-1 at 5m depth. Whilst during winter, the lowest was 1.9 ± 0.96 (20) mg .skel. d-1 at 10m and also lowest (1.5 ± 0.7 (20) mg .skel. d-1) at 5m depth. The growth rate of the two species was lower in the winter than in summer. 29 Mar, 2023 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-8-133.php Sepsis is an organ dysfunction caused by a disproportionate host response to infection. The condition is responsible for 1 in every 3 admissions to an intensive care unit (ICU) and about 6 million deaths worldwide. As a result of the imbalance in the inflammatory response, immune dysfunction, mitochondrial damage and other pathophysiological processes, sepsis progresses extremely. This research aimed to search the literature for updates inherent to the therapeutic approach of patients with diseases secondary to intra-abdominal sepsis. The present work is a narrative review with a bibliographical survey carried out in the PUBMED and Virtual Health Library (VHL) research bases, through the search strategy using the following descriptors, in both virtual libraries: “sepsis OR surviving sepsis” AND “intra abdominal infection” AND “therapeutic”. At the end of reading the articles in full, ten papers were selected, from which it was observed that new recommendations regarding volume operative source control, and use of additional therapies therapy. The open abdomen technique is being further explored, as well as more in-depth studies on new drugs for this condition, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and the use of glucocorticoids became contraindicated, due to low scientific evidence. Therefore, it is concluded that, as it is a medical emergency with high mortality, it is relevant to develop scientific research aimed at the effectiveness, feasibility and safety of new forms of management. 20 Oct, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-7-132.php Since the 21st century, developed countries have paid increasing attention to bioeconomy strategies. In particular, since the spread of the New Crown Pneumonia epidemic, global biotechnology has surged, and the impact of significant public health and safety events has continued to escalate. Bioeconomy strategies have received unprecedented attention. In this context, sorting out and studying international bioeconomy strategies is essential. Therefore, this paper reviews selected national bioeconomy strategies and explored their characteristics. 08 Oct, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-7-131.php Hunting for waterfowl is the most massive for amateur hunters in Russia. Hunting starts in spring and autumn, and the largest number of hunters take part in it, due to its popularity, low economic cost for hunters, as well as the possibility of using a hunting dog. In this regard, the role of counting waterfowl in autumn is important. The organization and conduct of accounting work should be carried out by hunting organizations annually, within certain calendar terms, and at a high-quality level. 26 Aug, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-7-130.php The scleractinian coral is common along the Red Sea coast, and its reproductive mode and period of reproduction were assessed using histological preparations. the sexuality, and reproductive mod timing of reproductive of pocillopora damicornis from adjacent to the fringing reefs of the Ubhur Creek in the Red Sea, were assessed using a serial histological section. Sexual reproduction in pocillopora damicornis a shallow water hermatypic coral was studied from December 2011 to November 2012. pocillopora damicornis is a simultaneous hermaphrodite with ovary and testis in the project into the body cavity on the same mesentery. Sperm and eggs were usually released simultaneously from the same polyp. The onset of the reproductive period of pocillopora damicornis was found to be limited (April to May). In the number of eggs and testes observed in this period, the gonads were found in the polyps. The pocillopora damicornis egg size ranged from 49.80 µm (in March) to 125.0 µm (in May). Four stages were chosen, to reflect very immature ovaries, the early stages of oocyte development, ova near maturity, and mature ova, and also four distinct stages of sperm development were identified. The state of gonads development (eg. testis and eggs) was measured by a calibrated eyepiece micrometer of a compound light microscope. Zooxanthellae were presented in the mature oocytes in pocillopora damicornis. This study aimed to examine the reproduction mode and timing of pocillopora damicornis. 29 Jun, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-7-129.php Apitherapy is the use of bee products such as honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly, bee venom, and wax is used to prevent or treat illness and promote healing. The objectives of this study are to assess and document indigenous knowledge on the medicinal values of bee products in Ethiopia and generate baseline information on indigenous practices of the medicinal value of beehive products for further study. This study was conducted in beekeeping potential areas of Oromia Regional state by selecting seven zones and from each zone two districts and a total of 14 districts (Woreda) based on their potential for beekeeping, the existence of long-aged bee-keepers and accessibility. using a purposive sampling method and questionnaires were distributed to the elders and well-known traditional healers of the study areas. In answering the questionnaires 22-100 ages dwellers or respondents participated. The survey was conducted in 7 zones namely Jimma, Ilu ababora, West wollega, East wollega, East Shoa, West shoa, and Buno Bedele. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data obtained by collected questionnaires. The result of the study showed that 49.3% of Apis mellifera honey and 31.9% of stingless bee honey, majorly used bee products for apitherapy, and 70.3 % of the bee products used using traditional collection method. According to this study’s results, the traditional drug was prepared from honey in liquid form which comprises the biggest portion mark of 63.4% of respondents. The majority of the respondents strongly agree with bee products as a treatment for different diseases such as asthma, cough, common cold, TB, and wounds. A major challenge faced during using of bee products as medicine is the absence of awareness of apitherapy as it was reported by 28.8%. of the respondents. Thus, it can be concluded that bee products are well-known apitherapy in the Oromia region and it was recommended that awareness creation of bee products as apitherapy and further research on the medicinal value of beehive products for confirmation as medicine for different diseases since it may be a solution for various diseases resisting modern drugs. 27 Jun, 2022 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-7-128.php The experiment was conducted to evaluate different Brachiaria brizantha accessions at the Wondo genet agricultural research center to identify species/accessions so as to use the better performing ecotype for wider distribution among livestock producer communities in the country. Seven Brachiaria grass accessions (B. brizantha, 13151; B. brizantha, 13368; B. brizantha, 13653; B. brizantha, 16550; B. humidicola, 9222; B. brizantha, 13379 and B. mutica,) were used as treatments in randomized complete block design with three replications. The overall dry matter yield for B. humidicola, 9222 (5.95t/ha), and B. mutica, (5.61t/ha) accessions didn’t show a significant difference (p > 0.05) but significantly (p < 0> 0.05) overall mean height was recorded among other accessions. B. brizantha, 13151; B. brizantha, 13368; B. brizantha, 13653; B. brizantha, 16550 and B. brizantha, 13379 accessions outperformed in terms of overall dry matter yield. Further studies on agronomic performances of promising B. brizantha accessions under on-farm conditions and nutritional evaluation involving live-animal experiments are recommended. 20 Dec, 2021 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-6-127.php The article is dedicated to the memory of Semyon M. Hertz, a talented radiophysicist engineer and remarkable person who left us prematurely at the age of 74. He devoted most of his scientific activities to biology, primarily phototrophic organisms, using radionuclide substances. The main achievements in the study of photosynthesis made thanks to his physical and mathematical calculations and engineering developments, are described. The ability to overcome difficulties, fortitude, vitality, and optimism of Semyon Hertz were noted. 26 Nov, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-5-126.php Origanum majorana is a plant from the Lamiaceae family. It is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine in Morocco to treat various diseases. This work aims to determine the phytochemical composition of Marjoram, as well as to evaluate its cytotoxic effect on the cells of healthy subjects. All parts of the plant (roots, leaves, stems, etc.) were subjected to selective extraction with different solvents of increasing polarity (Diethyl ether, Dichloromethane, Ethanol, Methanol) using the rotary steamer. The yields obtained are respectively 1.34%, 4.57%, 9.98%, and 10%. The phytochemical tests carried out have detected the presence of polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, sterols, saponins, and reducing sugars. In contrast, the absence of the family of cardiotonic alkaloids, quinones, and heterosides. Origanum majorana L. exhibited concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on 2,2′-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with IC50 equal 2.308 mg/ml, related to the presence of the same content of polyphenols and flavonoids but with the lowest concentration of tannin content. The cytotoxicity of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Marjoram was evaluated by the MTT colorimetric method. However, the results obtained that the examined extract was devoid of cytotoxic activity, on the other hand, it induced cell proliferation. O. majorana has good potential to prevent diseases caused by the overproduction of free radicals, and that it can be used as natural antioxidant agents and cell proliferation dependant on concentration. 05 Sep, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-5-125.php Throughout this research, twenty specimens (Puntius sophore , Clupisoma sinensis, Labeo rohita, and Ompok bimaculatus) in both different locations ( Vishnupuri & Jaikwadi Dams) in Rivers of Godavari were collected in the network. DNA isolation & specific cytochrome b gene amplification primes were planned, followed by DNA Technical quantification of PCR where the cytb gene for (C. sinensis & O. bimaculatus ) was amplified by (1066 bp) in length while the long of (L. rohita and P. sophore) was (1252 bp), For each species, after the cytb gene sequencing phase was completed, then sequences were eventually analyzed on all species. Current study indicated that 14 samples for (Clupisoma sinensis) were explored for nucleotide composition at the Vishnupuri dam while 16 samples for (O. bimaculatus) at Jaikwadi [C (28.5%) , G (14.5%), T (U) (27.7%), A (29.4%)] &[ A (29.0%), G (14.4%), C(30.1%), T(U) (26.5%)], respectively. Diversity of nucleotides, Pi(t) between the Nanded and Paithan populations was 0.09309. One Clupisoma sinensis haplotype was formed while two Ompok bimaculatus haplotypes were established, which refers to a low genetic variability of (O. bimaculatus), where the analysis of UPGMA cluster found sequence differentiation only within (O.bimaculate) but none any variance in (C.sinensis). Unluckily, due to certain technical reasons, the other species (Puntius sophore & Labeo rohita) unacquired their cytb gene sequences, consequently we reached for our aim in the present study to determine the genetic variation among out of 2 species from total 4 species of fishes in two different regions. 30 Jul, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-5-124.php The pandemic unleashed by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Associated Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has crippled the social, health and economic affairs of the world. This is the third stint with a highly contagious virus being introduced into the human population after the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Associated Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) incidence in this twenty first century. This mini review provides a brief overview on the basic structure, pathogenesis, immune response and laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 for better understanding of the disease process in order to induce novel insights to further intensify the prevention, containment and identification of CoVID-19. 26 Jun, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-5-123.php Population genetics is one of the most dynamic areas of investigation within biological sciences. Moreover, this discipline offers a challenge, which is not encountered in most others biological sciences because its main challenge is theoretical rather than experimental [1]. However, its theoretical development come up from analysis of empirical data although in some cases the empirical support arises after the theoretical development. 23 Jun, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-5-122.php The global pandemic due to the COVID-19 has severely affected the entire world risking human life and economy. Every possible attempt becomes inadequate in controlling the disease as the number rising each passing day. Indeed, a highly populated country like India has so far successful in mitigating the outbreak within the country. Meanwhile, the strategy based on a preliminary model of assumption with massive awareness program on social (physical) distancing, compulsory wearing of a mask and nationwide lockdown might have contributed immensely to controlling such an emergency. However, the influence of the immune-competent genetic architecture of the Indian racing population and comparatively a dominant young age group population cannot be ruled out completely. Moreover, a suitable environment for viral propagation and characteristics of viral strain are other such factors that simultaneously could add a real scientific justification. However, the current global scenario indicating the countries with higher median age are severely affected compared to the Indian and African subcontinent thereby survived an outbreak with a low mortality rate. At the same time, we never claimed for complete immunity for the COVID-19 depending on age or immunity. The increased incidence of positive cases might slowly also increase the death rate within India, but so far recorded low compared to other parts of the globe. 15 Jun, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-5-121.php Tithonia diversifolia is a tropical woody herb or succulent shrub cultivated in many countries; it’s an annual or perennial medicinal plant that has been a subject of research due to its various benefits in the treatment of different kinds of ailments. 11 Jun, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-5-120.php In this study, proximate analysis, phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of two strains of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (arbitrarily named strain 5 and 7) and their mix, cultivated in Bangladesh National Mushroom Development Institute, have been determined. The mix was used to determine whether it contains higher nutritive value than strain 5 and 7 alone. Protein content per 100 gm of strain 5, 7 and mix had been found to be 278.85mg, 298.69mg and 286.19mg, respectively. Lipid content estimated were 2.43gm, 1.96 gm and 2.4gm, respectively, while that of ash were 4.42 gm, 6.11gm and 3.93gm, respectively. Ganoderma lucidum strain 7 contained highest amounts of total phenol, total flavonoid, ascorbic acid and reducing sugar than the others. Among the three strains evaluated in the present study, G. lucidum 7 contained highest nutritional and medicinal components. Thus, G. lucidum 7 might be an ideal food supplement to the consumers. 21 Apr, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-5-119.php The communication between the digestive tract and the brain is an important aspect to the regulation and maintenance of its functionality. This communication is made by a network of signals that the brain sends to the gastrointestinal tract and vice-versa through the gut-brain axis. These signals can be direct or indirect, direct is a signal sent by the pathogen to the brain, while indirect is a signal originated from the alterations that the pathogen triggers. 20 Mar, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-5-118.php Metapenaeus affinis a species from Metapenaeus genera of Penaeidae shrimps in khaur Abdullah (salty water southern of Iraq), morphologically closely related organism with suspected member in Shatt al-Arab(freshwater)also southern of Iraq. Genetic Characterization for them was study to determine the genetically differences by using (RFLP & RAPD)/PCR molecular markers.The genetic heterogeneity at the DNA level was high in the two organisms in spite of Metapenaes genus share considerable external features. In RFLP marker, voucher DAAPV F7 in 16S rRNA gene was used which was amplified then digested by using the enzymes (SmI ,TagI and HindIII). Restriction patterns of TaqI, SmI & Hind III digested voucher DAAPV F7 in 16S rRNA gene, were clearly differentiate both Metapenaeus affinis and suspected one. Size pieces which were cut result in differing size and differing numbers of patterns Whereas a species which suspected to be Metapenaeus affinis morphologically, gave different results. Overlapping patterns between different species not observed. RFLP results were confirmed the RAPD-PCR results where PCR was carried out using standers conditions for 20 random oligonucleotide primers on gDNA samples of two organisms .Out of them, twelve primers produced high reproducibility and consistent with RAPD profile and yielded monomorphic as well as polymorphic fragments ,while 8 primers yielded either weak amplifications with ambiguity or no amplification at both. The present RAPD study had shown a higher level of polymorphism in the two members of the Metapenaeus genus. 12 random primers yielded a total of 82 fragments, of which, 50 bands were polymorphic whereas 32 fragments were monomorphic. Both molecular markers (RAPD and RFLP/PCR ) were facilitated the task of distinguishing species that are morphologically close species and very useful in determining the distribution of the exotic species. 13 Mar, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-5-117.php Some species of dipterous included in the infraorder Muscomorpha are of fundamental medical and veterinary importance, since they can produce myiasis and act towards transmission of pathogens to humans and animals. These dipterans are potential mechanical vectors for etiological agents such as viruses, bacteria, protozoan cysts and helminth eggs. This study aimed to make a definition of Diptera Cyclorrhapha or Muscomorpha, as well as their technical characteristics, interactions and classification. Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a specie of great sanitary interest because of its synanthropic characteristics, abundance in urban areas, capacity to develop in several sorts of substrates and high reproductive. 27 Feb, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-5-116.php The effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on pineapple juice, applied in a batch system, was studied in terms of change in microbial community, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity. Among the bioactive compounds, total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid, ascorbic acid, and β-carotene content were evaluated. The results were monitored over a 10 days of storage at −20 ºC and compared with that of untreated juice sample. A PEF device-designed and fabricated in laboratory-was used for this purpose and the applied electric field strength were 9 kV/cm, 11 kV/cm, and 13 kV/cm at a frequency of 100 Hz. Highest microbial inactivation was observed at 13 kV/cm field intensity, which was the greatest possible field strength supplied by the PEF system. During storage, microbes grew in PEF treated juice, though at a slower pace than the untreated one, since the applied field intensity was far short of critical value to inactivate them entirely. 07 Feb, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-5-115.php In an attempt to achieve greater therapeutic efficiency of products, especially in the pharmacological area such as drugs in general, the drug delivery system that controls the distribution of substances through macromolecular carriers has been developed with the primary objective of optimizing their delivery to target locations [1]. 30 Jan, 2020 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-5-114.php The flies included in the infra-order Muscomorpha have medical and veterinary importance, since they may produce myiasis and act in carrying pathogens to man and animals. They have been found to carry more than 100 species of disease-causing organisms such as bacteria, protozoa and helminths. Parasitoids are responsible for reducing the populations of flies that proliferate on various substrates. 22 Jul, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-4-113.php Objective: To describe the natural history of fetuses with a nuchal translucency (NT) above 3.5 mm when crown-rump length measures between 45 and 84 mm. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of fetuses with fi rst trimester NT above 3.5 mm between January 2013 and March 2017. 01 Jul, 2019 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-4-112.php Parasitoids are important regulators of insect populations and stand out as the main group of natural enemies in agricultural systems. They are present in various orders of insects and their adaptation to a parasitic behavior is seen most diversely and abundantly in the order Hymenoptera. The objective of this study was to increase the knowledge of the biology of a species of dipterous parasitoid in Brazil. The pupae were obtained using the flotation method. They were individually placed in gelatin capsules until the emergence of adult dipterous insects or their parasitoids. The experiments were conducted from January 1998 to February 2014 in rural and urban areas. The total percentage parasitism was 3.1%. Palaeosepsis spp. (Diptera: Sepsidae) were the hosts from which more individuals emerged with 52.3%. Spalangia drosophilae Ashmead (1885) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) shows how biological characteristics to be a parasitoid pupal, ectoparasitoid, solitary and idiobiont. 04 Jun, 2018 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-3-111.php Turmeric is an important spice crop of Bangladesh. A fi eld experiment was conducted at farmer’s fi eld of North Jhatibunia, Mirzagonj, Patuakhali during April, 2015 to February, 2016. The study was performed to fi nd out the effect of green manure and nitrogenous fertilizer on the growth and yield of turmeric (BARI Halud-2), in coastal region of Bangladesh. 26 May, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-2-110.php Introduction: Thymol is a phenolic compound with monoterpenes nature (C10H14O) which is one of the main secondary metabolites of the genus of Thymus in Lamiaceae family. Methods: In this study, antioxidant capability changes, antioxidant compounds level and the total free amino acids of Lettuce were investigated under different levels of Thymol (0.0 and 0.05 mg/ml) treatment. 24 Jan, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-2-109.php The development in Drosophila is a concerted mechanism, occurring via the interplay of a constellation of genes and factors, operating in intricate synchrony. These factors, produced at precise points in their developmental cycle, operate via the activation, through binding to the various transcription factors. The GAGA factor (GAF) is such a product of the trithorax-like gene, Trl, which binds to a consensus DNA sequence for the modulation of the homeotic gene functions 12 Jan, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-2-108.php Translational medicine basically aims to facilitate the integration of basic research with clinical research, with the aim of transferring the applicability of its benefits to the population as a whole [1,2]. 11 Jan, 2017 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-2-107.php Engineering must respond to innovation and change. The great innovations and technologies are generated in the centers and institutions of higher education, by modifying nature to meet our needs. 19 Dec, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-1-106.php Dyshormonogenesis due to thyroglobulin (TG) gene mutations is a rare cause of congenital hypothyroidism with an estimated incidence of approximately 1 in 100,000 newborns. The TG gene is organized in 48 exons, spanning over 270 kb on human chromosome 8q24. 24 Nov, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-1-105.php Despite enjoying a high standard of living, the United States ranks 46th among nations reporting infant survival rates to the World Health Organization. Among factors that increase infant mortality are environmental toxicants. 04 May, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-1-103.php Introduction: The present work aimed to investigate the association between G10398A polymorphism in mtDNA with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) susceptibility among Chinese northwestern population. 25 Feb, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-1-102.php The incidence of stress among individuals submitted to major surgery is relevant. Although it has been noted that some patients go through the perioperative period without presenting stress, surgical patients have a high probability of presenting one of the four phases of stress. Recognizing the stress phase that affects the patient permits the medical team to act in a more appropriate manner and to propose interventions that will prevent worsening of the disease and an unsuccessful outcome of surgery. The main objective of this paper was to present a review of the most important aspects regarding psychic stress in patients undergoing major operations under general anesthesia. 23 Jan, 2016 https://www.biolscigroup.us/articles/OJBS-1-101.php Objective: To verify alterations in lipid profile, blood glucose and pressure, and morphological aspects of the adrenal gland in animals with hypogonadism secondary to total bilateral epididymectomy and orchiectomy. Methods: Young and adult male Wistar rats were distributed into the following groups: Group 1 - control, animals submitted only to scrotal incision and suture. Group 2 - animals submitted to total bilateral epididymectomy and orchiectomy.