https://www.chemisgroup.us/journals/open-journal-of-chemistry A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 25 Jun, 2025 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-11-144.php The industry constantly looks for lightweight, high-strength parts for airplanes and wind turbine blades. Despite the possibility of substituting polymers for metal components, there is a criticality implied by the poorer mechanical and thermal performance of polymers. This study examines the microstructure and mechanical properties of distinct industrial-grade filler (graphite) concentrations added to an epoxy matrix: 3 wt.%, 6 wt.%, 9 wt.%, 12 wt.%, and 15 wt.%. The mechanical performance improved with increasing filler concentration, with Graphite-9 wt.% showing the highest enhancement with a 118.48% improvement in mechanical performance The results indicate that an optimal graphite concentration of 9 wt.% enhances tensile, and flexural strength, whereas excessive graphite concentration (15wt.%) led to local embrittlement decreasing the mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the 15 wt.% composite reveals an uneven dispersion of graphite, contributing to the properties' reduction. The findings provide insight into the influence of graphite reinforcement on the mechanical performance of epoxy composites, aiding the optimization of composite formulations for aircraft and wind turbine blade applications. 18 Feb, 2025 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-11-143.php This review article discusses the cellular mechanisms of the combined effects of heat and water deficit on plants. It is known that abiotic stress leads to cell dehydration and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the cell, which leads to the disruption of membranes and the photosynthetic system at the cellular level. In addition, new data are presented that drought and temperature stress lead to an increase in antioxidant enzymes (AO, SOD, CAT) in barley. 26 Nov, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-10-142.php In order to neutralize bacteria, bacteriophages hydrolyze chemical constituents of the bacterial cellular membrane, such as phospholipids, glycolipids as well as glycoproteins before reaching the bacterial cytoplasm, an intracellular environment containing water, salts, and a diversity of organic compounds notably ribonucleic acid (RNA) along with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In this perspective, when bacteriophages access the bacterial cytoplasm, they develop and consequently the excessive accumulation of bacteriophages facilitates or smooths the way for bacterial degradation. 18 Oct, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-10-141.php We report the values obtained for the binding free energies (ΔGbind) of the complexes: NDM-1-M25 (43.80 kcal/mol), NDM-1-M26 (12.71 kcal/mol), NDM-1-M35 (19.92 kcal/mol), NDM-1-M37 (2.46 kcal/mol) and the reference system NDM-1-Meropenem (-10.09 kcal/mol). These results are based on previous absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties, docking, and molecular dynamics calculations performed on a small library of potential NDM-1 enzyme inhibitors reported in the literature. Subsequently, the selected systems were evaluated by the Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA) method using the gmx_MMPBSA software. The MMPBSA method has been widely adopted to estimate protein-ligand binding affinities due to its efficiency and high correlation with experimental data. The obtained results suggest that, unlike the reference complex, the studied ligands probably do not bind to the receptor under the simulation conditions, which is in significant agreement with experimental data. 24 Jun, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-10-140.php The electrochemical behavior of Te in alkaline media was determined by cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry measurements. It indicated that TeO32− ion was first reduced to Te(s), then to Te22− ion. For the first time, the pulsed electrodeposition of tellurium on stainless steel has been studied in an alkaline bath and the effect of duty cycle, frequency, and current density on current efficiencies and morphology were indicated at room temperature. Pulse duty cycles ranging from 10 to 75%, frequencies ranging from 10 to 100 Hz, and current densities ranging from 7.5 to 30 mA/cm2 were employed. The morphology of the electrodeposition of tellurium samples was characterized by SEM. The results showed that due to increasing side reactions at higher current density, the current efficiency decreased with increasing current density. The results of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) cleared that more compact structures with lower porosity were observed for the electrodeposits at lower current densities and less compact samples were obtained at higher current densities. It has been found that the current efficiency of tellurium plating decreases as the pulse duty cycle increases from 10% to 75%. Maximum current efficiency has been observed at 10% duty cycle. The study of the effect of duty cycle on morphology showed that the samples synthesized at a duty cycle of 10% and 25% have approximately similar appearance and particle size. With more increasing of duty cycles to 50 and 75% due to increasing hydrogen evolution rate and H2 bubbling at the electrode surface the morphology has been changed remarkably. The current efficiency of the deposit tellurium exhibited a strong dependence on the frequency. As frequency increases, the current efficiency almost decreases. In most cases, the maximum current efficiency is obtained at a 10 Hz frequency. The study of the effect of frequency on morphology showed that hydrogen evolution plays a significant role in the morphology formation of samples obtained at low pulse frequency (10 Hz), two processes of hydrogen evolution and anisotropic growth have key roles in morphology formation at medium pulse frequency (50 Hz) and anisotropic growth is the mechanism of morphology formation at high pulse frequency (100 Hz). 31 May, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-10-139.php The electron-population degrees-of-freedom of donor-acceptor systems are reexamined and alternative simple models of charge-transfer reactivity are discussed in the substrate and atomic resolutions. The in situ differential descriptors of the polarized subsystems are emphasized and alternative energy profiles in interactions between hard and soft acidic and basic reactants are used to investigate the process representative activation and reaction energies. The intersecting-state model of such acid-base (AB) systems is explored, its predictions of the reaction transition-state complex and its properties are summarized, and composite (AB)n systems are commented upon. 04 May, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-10-138.php The research successfully produced Sr0.6Ag0.4MnO3, a silver strontium manganite with the desired perovskite crystal structure, using the sol-gel technique. Extensive analysis revealed its notable characteristics, indicating potential uses across various fields. X-ray diffraction showed the compound's tetragonal structure at room temperature, affirming its stability. Morphological and chemical assessments confirmed the material's consistency and evenness, with crystallites averaging 27 nm (from XRD) and 90 nm (from SEM). The material displayed a ferro-paramagnetic transition at 375 K, suggesting suitability for magnetic applications, alongside a slight drop in electrical resistance under a magnetic field, hinting at potential magnetoresistive properties for electronic devices. In terms of dielectric properties, particularly at low frequencies, the material demonstrated a high dielectric constant and low tangent loss, indicating its potential for electrical components. Overall, these findings position Sr0.6Ag0.4MnO3 as a versatile material with promising applications in magnetism, electronics, and electrical components. 24 Apr, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-10-137.php In this research, SO3H-functionalized Silica grafted 3-amino triazol has been prepared and identified through FT-IR, XRD, EDX, Fe-SEM, and TGA spectra. 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane was first reacted with silica nanoparticles and then treated with 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazoles and grafted finally with chlorosulfonic acid to prepare SiO2@(CH2)3-AT/SO3H (SNPS-AT/SO3H). Afterward, the catalytic efficiency has been investigated as a homogeneous and recyclable catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of 5,9-dihydropyrimido[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6,8(4H,7H)-diones by the one-pot multi-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes with 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazoles and 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid under thermal (100 °C) conditions. 06 Apr, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-10-136.php To understand the reaction mechanism of quinone-mediated electron transfer, a series of ubiquinone (Q)-derivatives with a bromine or chlorine atom at the 6-position and a different alkyl side chains at the 5-position of the benzoquinone ring were synthesized and characterized. The chemical properties and electron transfer activities were compared with the native ubiquinone, Q0C10. The redox midpoint potential of 6-Bromo- and 6-chloro-Q derivatives is 142 mV and 148 mV, respectively. These 6-halo-Q derivatives are reducible by ascorbate alone or by succinate in the presence of succinate-ubiquinone reductase. The reduced 6-halo-Q (6-halo-QH2) can be oxidized by cytochrome c alone or via ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase. In the presence of cytochrome c oxidase and cytochrome c, 6-halo-QH2 is oxidizable by oxygen. 6-Halo-Q derivatives are reducible by succinate via succinate-ubiquinone reductase. They function as an electron-mediator connecting succinate-Q reductase and cytochrome c oxidase and bypass ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase in the mitochondrial electron-transfer chain. This bypassing results in a decrease in energy coupling efficiency and a lower P/O ratio. These compounds might have therapeutic value in treating diseases that are caused by the oversupply of energy. 26 Mar, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-10-135.php Obese patients had more difficulty with tracheal intubation and a higher incidence of post-extubation stridor. Obesity is such a ubiquitous issue in our culture, and it is a significant risk factor for many diseases, thus it is not surprising that many obese patients are treated in ICU. The objective of this article is to explore challenges for short, obese patients (Little’s) in the critical care setting. Obese patients have a strong correlation between lung function and body fat distribution, with greater impairment when fat accumulates in the chest and abdomen. Mediastinal masses, particularly those located in the anterior mediastinum, can cause perioperative morbidity and mortality by causing major airway and vascular compression, which may be exacerbated under general anesthesia. 12 Mar, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-10-134.php A comprehensive study of the intrinsic defects in sublimation-grown SiC crystals, depending on the growth conditions and thermal annealing is carried out. Complexes of the intrinsic defects including carbon vacancy (VC) and impurities atoms are found in the Si-rich SiC crystals grown by physical vapor transport at low temperatures below 2200 °C. Similar defects are also observed in the SiC crystals irradiated with high-energy particles. Intrinsic defects in grown SiC crystals are characterized by high thermal stability, which is associated with the presence of active metastable clusters. Experimental evidence for the presence of the active clusters in the wide temperature range (up to 2600 °C) is presented. It is shown that intrinsic defects can be also introduced in the SiC crystal by high-temperature diffusion from the p-type epitaxial layer. Paramagnetic defects in SiC are considered a material platform for sensing, quantum photonics, and information processing at ambient conditions. 12 Mar, 2024 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-10-133.php Chemical engineering is a discipline intrinsically linked to fluid behavior. From reaction kinetics to reactor design, understanding how fluids flow, mix, and transfer heat is paramount. Traditionally, this relied heavily on experimentation, a time-consuming and resource-intensive process. The emergence of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has revolutionized the field, offering a powerful in-silico approach to analyze fluid dynamics in chemical engineering processes. This review paper explores the transformative role of CFD, examining its impact on various aspects of chemical engineering, including reactor design, optimization, process intensification, scale-up, and safety analysis. The paper also discusses the challenges associated with CFD simulations, ongoing advancements in the field, and potential future directions. 09 Sep, 2023 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-9-132.php Non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs, polyhydroxyurethanes, PHUs), have emerged as sustainable alternatives to conventional isocyanate-polyol polyurethanes. However, the permanent cross-links in traditional linear, crosslinked polyhydroxyurethane polymer networks hinder their recyclability for high-value applications. In this study, we provide a comprehensive overview of polyhydroxyurethane vitrimers – polymers with intrinsic recyclability – containing dynamic covalent adaptable bonds that allow them to be reprocessed or self-healed under external stimuli such as heat or solvents. These materials exhibit a unique combination of the attributes of thermosets, such as improved heat stability, solvent resistance or enhanced mechanical properties, and the reprocessability of thermoplastics. Various strategies have been explored to enable the reprocessability of PHUs. External catalysts, such as 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) have been used to facilitate exchange reactions and promote reprocessing. Additionally, the use of functionalized silica nanoparticles as reinforcing fillers has influenced the material’s behavior during reprocessing. Another method involved the incorporation of dynamic disulfide bonds to expedite reprocessing times for PHU networks, while dissociative dynamic chemistry has enabled self-healing behavior in certain partially cross-linked NIPUs. These advancements demonstrate the potential for tailoring the reprocessability and mechanical attributes of NIPUs, paving the way for sustainable and versatile polymeric materials, and addressing the environmental concerns associated with traditional polyurethanes. 22 Aug, 2023 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-9-131.php Obviously, BaTixFe12-(4/3)xO19 Hexagonal nanocrystals are excellent candidates as photocatalysts in water purification, as well as using them as electrode materials for supercapacitors and energy storage applications. M-Type Hexagonal nanoparticles (BaTixFe12-(4/3)xO19, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) with the magneto-plumbite structure were formerly synthesized by co-precipitation procedure and investigated by several techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, Raman, Photoluminescence and UV-VL. XRD and FT-IR confirmed the structure, and Raman spectra showed 12 characterizing summits. Photoluminescence emission spectra indicated two summits at 448 and 501 nm. Optical UV-VL spectroscopic analysis parameters showed dependence on λ and x. Obviously, BaTi0.75Fe11O19 nanocrystals as a sort of M-Type Hexagonal Ferrites showed excellent Photocatalytic activity on the Degradation of Organic Dyes like; Crystal Violet, Methyl Orange, … etc. Furthermore; these nanocrystals possess excellent electrochemical performance; which in turn introduces these materials for Supercapacitors Applications. Thus, the Photo-catalytic activity of BaTi0.75Fe11O19 nanocrystals for the decolorization of Crystal Violet (CV) dye (1 × 10-5 M) illuminated excellent photocatalytic efficiency reaching ≈ 85%. On the other hand; BaTi0.75Fe11O19 nanoparticles exhibited a specific capacitance of 1858 mF/g at 50 mV/s. The current study introduces promising applications of BaTi0.75Fe11O19 nanoparticles as electrode materials for super capacitance and energy storage. 11 Mar, 2023 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-9-130.php The quality of polluted wastewater processed by conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) is in some cases insufficient to reach the degree of purity required. Pharmaceuticals are frequently identified in the aquatic environment, owing to their constant release from WWTPs. Thus, in recent years, they are cataloged as pseudo-persistent pollutants having been recognized as potentially harmful to public health and environmental concern. This work has focused on the removal of 3 antihypertensive pharmaceuticals (furosemide, irbesartan, and valsartan) from aqueous waste solutions using a sequential biological-photocatalytic (TiO2/Na2S2O8) treatment under natural sunlight. Pharmaceutical residues were isolated from water by solid phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by HPLC-QqQ-MS2. Biodegradation was greater than 65% and 70% for irbesartan and furosemide, respectively, while valsartan was highly biodegradable (> 96%). Next, photocatalytic treatment was applied and just 200 kJ m-2 was required to remove 90 % of micropollutants residues from the effluent. Therefore, the coupling of biological treatment to solar heterogeneous photocatalysis constitutes a valuable instrument to detoxify polluted wastewater. 14 Oct, 2022 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-8-129.php Background: One of the plants used in Indonesian traditional medicine Libho (Ficus Septica Burm. F) is traditionally used to treat some diseases, including malaria, diarrhea, diabetes, analgesic, antifungal, dysentery, anthelmintic, antioxidant, hemostatic and anti-inflammatory. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the potential in vitro antioxidant activity assay and phytochemical content of Libho fruits. Methods: Libho leaves powder was extracted with the maceration method Antioxidant activity was evaluated using ABTS cation and CUPRAC radicals. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Meanwhile, the total flavonoid content was determined using the aluminum chloride complex colorimetric method; Results: Extract and fraction of Ficus Septica Burm. F fruits have the strongest antioxidant potential. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antioxidant activity on both ABTS and CUPRAC radicals with IC50 values of 6.33 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 11.64 ± 0.28 µg/mL, respectively. Ethyl acetate fraction also showed high phenolic and flavonoid content with values of 28 ± 0.05 mg GAE/100 mg sample and 43.08 ± 0.48 mg QE/100 mg sample, respectively. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate fraction has the potential to be used as a source of natural antioxidants and has the potential to be used as a nutraceutical. 01 Oct, 2022 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-8-128.php Eight new optically pure calixarene derivatives, in which their lower rims were substituted with Evans oxazolidinone or pyranose moiety, are described. All macrocycles were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, optical rotation, and elemental analysis. The introduction of chiral auxiliaries reduced the symmetry of the macrocycle as observed by NMR. Stereospecific alkylation on the Evans oxazolidinone moiety allowed the asymmetric introduction of a methyl substituent near a phenolic position of the macrocycle. 14 Dec, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-7-127.php Rapid growth in population, Concerns about the industrial revolution, environmental and energy issues are growing, and are urging the use of clean, renewable energy sources to ameliorate the dire situation. Hydrogen is an ideal synthetic fuel because it is light, very broad, and is an oxidation product (water), i.e. environmentally friendly, but storage problems remain [1-3]. 10 Jul, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-7-126.php In this work, we investigated the chemical and physical stability of ambroxol, beclomethasone dipropionate, budesonide and N-acetylcysteine after dilution with Sirmione thermal water, stored in ampoules for aerosol, at room temperature. The chemical stability of all active drugs was evaluated by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). All samples were analyzed in triplicate at room temperature under normal fluorescent light at 0h, 1h, 6h, 12h, and 24 h. According to the Official Pharmacopoeia of the Italian Republic, the degradation of a molecule that exceeds more than 10% is considered unacceptable. After dilution with thermal water of Sirmione, ambroxol, beclomethasone dipropionate, budesonide, and N-acetylcysteine, were found to be physically stable over the entire study (degradation <3%) at room temperature without any loss of activity. 18 Feb, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-7-125.php Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) process is used to prepare Aluminium dodecaboride (AlB12). The phase analysis results of preparing AlB12 with Al and B2O3 as raw materials show that under air and argon conditions, the self-propagating and acid-washed self-propagating powders all have α-Al2O3 impurities when Mg, Al and B2O3 are used as raw materials. The phase analysis results of the preparation of AlB12 show that under argon conditions, the self-propagating and acid-washed, self-propagating powder has un-removable MgAl2O4 impurities, and the root cause of the low purity of AlB12 prepared by the self-propagating method is the presence of un-removable impurities. 11 Feb, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-7-124.php Among various renewable energy sources, namely, biomass, solar, wind, hydrothermal and geothermal, biomass standout as an environmentally benign, sustainable and an immediate substitute to fossil based fuels. This is due to the abundance of the carbon source in the form of cellulose in the biomass. Cellulose is the major chemical constituent of terrestrial biomass (40-50 wt.%, percentage by weight) with the other constituents being hemicellulose and lignin. 06 Jan, 2021 https://www.peertechzpublications.org/articles/OJC-7-123.pdf The electronegativity-equalization at several hypothetical stages of chemical reactions is reexamined and phase-equalization in open substrates is explored. The equivalence of the energy and information reactivity criteria is stressed and local energy concept is shown to determine time-evolutions of wavefunction components. Independent sources of information content in electronic states are identified and the need for resultant entropy-information measures in quantum mechanics, combining information contributions due to the classical (probability) and nonclassical (phase/current) distributions, is reemphasized. Limitations for a simultaneous removal of uncertainties in the position and velocity distributions imposed by the Heisenberg indeterminacy principle, are discussed, continuities of the wavefunction modulus and phase components are examined, the convectional character of the local source of resultant gradient information is stressed, and a latent (“horizontal”) probability currents in the stationary quantum states are discussed. 05 Jan, 2021 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-7-122.php Based on the concepts and vocabulary of the SET model of catalysis a discussion is performed on what properties should characterize a catalyst promoting a reaction such as the one in the title, i.e., the production of methanol from methane in a non-oxidative environment. It is found that the n1 vibration of water (3652 cm-1 ) and the ny4 vibration of methane (1306 cm-1) interact in resonance. This means that 1306/3652 = 0.3576 whereas 5:14 = 0.3571. The difference between these two ratios is thus 0.0005. One notes that both frequency-values contain a factor of 1306/5 = 261 cm-1. The conclusion is that also the catalyst must take part in and promote that resonance, containing the same factor, 261 cm-1. 11 Dec, 2020 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-6-121.php At present, polyolefins are a heavily produced thermoplastic, and they are used in different industries. Approximately one-third of produced plastics are used in the packing industry, and this volume will only be increased in the future. The advantages of plastic packaging , such as strength, flexibility, moisture stability, comfort, safety and low cost, are accompanied by a disadvantage: they do not decompose in natural conditions, which causes considerable ecological problems, namely, plastic waste composes half of the domestic rubbish. 17 Nov, 2020 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-6-120.php Natural products from medicinal plants, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for different purposes. Botanical preparations of medicinal plants for insecticidal usage contain various types of bioactive compounds. The aim of this paper focuses on the botanical evaluation of stem bark, seed and leaf extracts of Prosopis juliflora for their insecticidal effect against groundnut (Aphis craccivora) aphids. Extracts with the concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15% weight by weight percentage were tested. The highest mortality rate of the groundnut aphid that was recorded after 12 h, due to the methanolic and dichloromethane extracts, was 83.33%. The advantages and problems of different extraction techniques were tested and discussed. Different chromatographic techniques were employed to identify, isolate and characterize secondary metabolites. Two compounds, 4-(2-aminoethyl) phenol (1) and 3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol (2) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves part. Structural elucidations of the isolated compounds were based on their 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV and IR spectra. 01 Sep, 2020 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-6-119.php As a hypothetical experiment the reaction between carbon monoxide and ethanol to form an ethyl carboxylic acid has been considered. The SET model for catalysis is used. The effect of the catalyst COS on the reactivity of these two species is found to lead to the expected result. 22 Jul, 2020 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-6-118.php Nanotechnology is the study of developing peculiar particles (1-100 nanometres (nm)) of matter at an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. These nanoparticles possess unique properties such as large surface area, fewer side effects, bioavailability, decrease the toxicity, and prolonged drug release. Some inorganic metals nanoparticles like Ti, Se, Zn, Ag, Ce, Au, and Fe play possess antonymous bioactivities. Selenium is the essential trace element and essential micronutrient in the biological system. There are 25 selenoproteins in the human body possessing oxidoreductase activity; therefore, regulating the physiological redox balance in the organs system. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have exclusive properties and bioactivities as compared to traditional selenium supplements. Therefore, SeNPs have been attracted worldwide interest as a therapeutic agent and food additive. In this review, we have discussed the therapeutics applications of selenium nanoparticles. 22 May, 2020 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-6-117.php Elastomer Fire- Heatprotective Materials (FHPM) are used in the construction, working in extreme temperatures (in the missile, aviation and space technology). 04 Apr, 2020 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-6-116.php In this case report, we are dealing with the implications of blending fossil LDPE with biodegradable masterbatches on the thermal conversion and recycling stream of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE). Two types of commercial masterbatch are evaluated against a pure LDPE. The thermal degradation study was carried out by using thermogravimetric analysis guided by X-ray diffraction, ultimate and proximate analyses. When compared with the LDPE pyrolysis, the conversion of the blend of thermoplastic starch and Polyethylene happens in a wider temperature range, involving multi-step reactions. In contrast, the pyrolysis of iron-based-oxo-biodegradable masterbatch leaves behind 30 wt.% of an unconverted mass. Even though the blend of organic additives with fossil polyethylene might aid the biodegradability of plastics disposed of in the environment, some drawbacks should be accounted for the plastic life cycle. 07 Feb, 2020 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-6-115.php In this work, effects of gamma rays on melatonin as a natural radioprotective agent, have been studied. Selected samples in the form of a) powder and b) solution, were prepared and irradiated by the use of gammacell radiation system under gamma-ray of Co-60 source, at doses from 20 to 2150Gy. The content of irradiated sample vials compared with of the control samples using LC-MS. This revealed many changes, although only in solution samples. Observed changes in the structure of melatonin in aqueous solutions, could be related to the production of free hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals; since both reduction and oxidation products were detected. Any increase in gamma ray doses would cause, proportional decrease in melatonin concentrations as well as increase in reaction products’concentrations. The lack or low impact of gamma rays on solids are related to the low collision crosssection of melatonin for photons, as compared with the water molecules in aqueous solutions. 05 Jul, 2019 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-5-114.php Arsenic, copper and lead metals are serious contaminants for human health. These metals are all toxic above a minimum concentration. In the present study twenty two water samples (eleven sites - non and acidifi ed) from villages Nea Silata, 25 Jun, 2019 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-5-113.php Carrier-free radioisotopes and cyclotrons are largely manufactured and sold in market in high prices, even many challenges are facing isotopes production in industry. Thus, we came here to introduce valuable and easy working conditions using different thick target materials under well-defined irradiations to separate some important isotopes. As a result, in carrier-free form, the present work has successfully isolated seventeen most common cosmogenic and biological radioisotopes recommended by the IAEA-TECDOC-1211, Charged Particle Cross-section Database for Medical Radioisotope Production: Diagnostic Radioisotopes and Monitor Reactions, and the IAEA, in addition to US National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) databases. 21 Jun, 2019 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-5-112.php Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys the memory and the thinking skills, and eventually the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. This has motivated lots of scientists to search for an ultimate treatment or cure for this serious disease. There are various causes & risk factors which cause AD and are the reasons for its progression. The drugs used in AD are usually a combination between different classes but never those of the same class such as Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors which increase the availability of acetylcholine & NMDA receptors antagonists such as memantine. Most of the currently used drugs are mainly used to treat the symptoms, but lately some drugs have shown some promise in both treating & curing AD such as Aducanumab which is in the final phases of the clinical trials that resulted in the clearing of Amyloid plaques affecting cells communication. Since there are newly discovered causes of the disease, there are various other approaches in dealing with AD which will be discussed thoroughly in this review article. 31 May, 2019 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-5-111.php A concise method for the determination of chromium in aluminium alloys colorimetrically by the use of diphenylcarbazide is described. The method is based on measurement of the violet colour formed between chromate III ion (Cr3+) and diphenylcarbazide. The diphenylcarbazide forms a violet complex which absorbs at 540 nm. Other interfering metal ions including manganese and iron were masked by making alkaline with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Potassium heptaoxodichromate (VI) K2Cr2O7 solution (283ppm) was used as standard. Three aliquots (2ml, 5ml and 10ml) of standards were used for measurement. The solutions of samples were made in aquaregia and colour reagent added. Absorbance of standard as well as samples was measured at 540 nm using a colorimeter. A working curve obtained from known concentrations of standard was used to calculate the concentration of chromium in each sample. The findings show that colorimetric determination of chromium by diphenylcarbazide method is a simple, effective and valuable alternative method for the determination of chromium in aluminium alloys. 21 Mar, 2019 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-5-110.php Appearance of free radicals and membrane lipid peroxidation are one of the most typical unwelcome effects caused by trichinellosis (a parasite infection). Here the oxidative-antioxidant status of male Wistar rats uninfected and infected with Trichinella spiralis (Nematoda) was studied. The purpose of the study was to test substances, significantly diminishing unfavorable peroxidation effects. Selenium was chosen as a suitable defense factor. It was used in the form of the organic compound Sel-plex (Alltech). Blood biomarkers were studied in the experiment. The animals were allocated into four groups. The experiment covered 8 weeks post infection. The results showed that Sel-plex restores antioxidant defense system in Se-supplemented animals. The oxidative marker was malondialdehyde concentration. The antioxidant markers were superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and concentrations of Se and vitamin E. A mathematical model was firstly proposed for the time course of host body weight. The model solutions were in good agreement with the experimental data. 31 Dec, 2018 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-4-109.php In one of the conversations between me and one of my senior colleagues, she told me “What lucky researchers you are!”, interested to know the reason behind this statement, I asked: “Why?!”, and she replied: “because in our time we didn’t have all these available search engines, scientific databases, open resources and data manipulation tools”. Later, I had a discussion with one of my colleagues – now we are co-authors – who expressed his interest in examining new aspects of formulation: “we can use computer simulations to examine many aspects of different formulations, literally virtualizing our lab” he said. 28 Jul, 2017 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-3-108.php Mycobacterium Tuberculosis cause severe disease of lungs known as Tuberculosis. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality even in the emerging countries also. 25 Jul, 2017 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-3-107.php Mini tablets are solid dosage forms with a diameter ≤ 3 mm and separated into subunits of conventional tablets 11 Jul, 2017 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-3-106.php Drug-Drug interactions (DDI) is a serious clinical issue. An important mechanism underlying of DDI, is induction or inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters that mediate metabolism, 30 Dec, 2016 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-2-105.php In recent years, robustness and surface engineering of dosage form made improvement in pharmacokinetics with decrease in dose of drug. Specifi city with adherence of ligands has now become the reality as surface modifi cation can easily deceive phagocytic system 23 Dec, 2016 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-2-104.php The gallium(III) complex of orotic acid (HOA) was synthesized and its structure was determined by means of analytical and spectral analyses. Detailed vibrational analysis of HOA, sodium salt of HOA (NaOA) and Ga(III)-OA systems based on both the calculated and experimental spectra confirmed the suggested metal-ligand binding mode. 30 Dec, 2015 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-1-103.php The present work focused on exploring the reactivity of β-nitrostyrene towards Mannich reaction with different approaches. The synthesized nitro-Mannich bases were tested as antimicrobial agents that showed high activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. 10 Nov, 2015 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-1-102.php Structure activity relationship studies of 1,4-benzodiazepines have been discussed especially with their effects as antianxiety and anticonvulsants. The currently available benzodiazepines are associated with various side effects. Nowadays the purpose of these studies is to minimize side effects with these drugs. 27 Aug, 2015 https://www.chemisgroup.us/articles/OJC-1-101.php Introduction: Chalcone, isoxazole and acridines have diverse biological activities. A series of novel chalcone and isoxazole substituted 9-anilinoacridines were synthesized for their antibacterial, larvicidal, activities. Methods: A series of novel chalcone and isoxazole substituted 9-anilinoacridines (3a-h and 4a-h) were synthesized from 9-chloroacridine by microwave irradiation method. The antibacterial evaluation was performed by cup-plate method and screened for their larvicidal activity by larval bioassay method.