https://www.neuroscigroup.us/journals/open-journal-of-parkinson-s-disease-and-treatment A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 30 Mar, 2024 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/OJPDT-7-114.php The way information about neurons in the brain is organized is critical to understanding how anatomical structures support cognition and why damage to specific anatomical structures results in specific deficits. Theoretical considerations indicate that the architecture of the brain has been constrained into some specific forms, and these forms make it possible to organize neuroscience information to achieve understanding. Different anatomical structures specialize in different information processes, where the information processes performed by one structure will support many different types of cognitive processes. However, all information processes in the brain are of two general types, condition definition/detection, and behavioral recommendation definition/integration. Motor and cognitive processes are carried out by combinations of processes of these two types. Cortical structures specialize in condition definition/detection processes and subcortical structures specialize in behavioral recommendation definition/integration processes. Local circuits within the cortex-hippocampus-thalamus-basal ganglia-cerebellum system perform different detailed information processes of these types. Brain damage to a specific structure results in loss of the information processes performed by that structure. The different deficits resulting from Parkinson’s disease, Huntingdon’s disease, Hemiballism, Tourette’s syndrome, damage to the hippocampal system, and strokes affecting the cortex, thalamus, or cerebellum can be understood in terms of the loss of specific information processes performed by different brain structures. 14 Apr, 2023 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/OJPDT-6-113.php The second most common neurodegenerative disease causing dementia in the population over 65 years is Parkinson´s Disease Dementia (PDD), sharing many clinical, genetic, pathophysiological, imaging, and morphological features with Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). There is an ongoing debate whether these two diseases are separate diseases, just different phenotypes on the basis of the same Lewy Body pathology or the same disease. The differences are rather few and many authors tend to believe that PDD and DLB may be manifestations of the same neurodegenerative disorder. Based on a single examination, without regard to the temporal sequence of events, it is difficult or impossible to differentiate a single patient with parkinsonism as PDD or DLB. The relative timing when cognitive and motor symptoms appear, applying the 1-year rule, could be helpful in clinical practice in distinguishing the diseases. The subtle differences are hard to observe with more executive problems in PDD and a tendency of more easily triggered psychotic problems in DLB. Eventually, PDD and DLB might be the same disease - as long as unquestionable biomarkers definitely distinguishing both entities are not found. 04 Oct, 2022 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/OJPDT-5-112.php For more than 25 years, we have begun an experimental study of the physiological effect of micromolar concentrations of reactive oxygen species on the regulatory functions of the central nervous system. We found that these effects extend to the CNS centers and hormonal regulation of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland [1-4], as well as in the control of BBB permeability [5]. 29 Oct, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/OJPDT-4-111.php The purpose of the study was to investigate the efficacy of Parkon® spray as the compound for the effect on motor disturbances in treatment of both Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and neuroleptic-induced Parkinsonism. The main active ingredient of Parkon® is low concentrated hydrogen peroxide [1-3]. 25 May, 2021 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/OJPDT-4-110.php The review of the literature seems to confirm effects of negative air ions (NAIs) on several brain functions. Indeed, a significant association between NAIs exposure and both wellbeing and high cognitive performances has been described [1-3]. 19 Dec, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/OJPDT-3-109.php Parkinson’s disease, which has symptoms and signs such as tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability, is the most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. In Parkinson’s disease, pathological mechanisms such as abnormal accumulation of protein aggregates, disruption of protein clearance pathways, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial damage and genetic mutations lead to the formation of the clinic. Coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiac autonomic dysfunction, heart failure, sudden death and hypertension can be seen in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s disease leads to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. Dopaminergic drugs, non-dopaminergic drugs, growth factor support, stem cell therapy, gene therapy, exercise, diet and surgical treatment play an important role in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. This treatment helps to reduce cardiac effects. 07 Aug, 2020 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/OJPDT-3-108.php Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. The disease affects and relatively quickly leads to disability in mainly people 15-40 years of age. The development of MS can occur progressively or with exacerbations and remissions. The pathogenesis of the disease is based on an autoimmune process directed against myelin or myelin-producing CNS oligodendrocytes. In recent years, in the mechanisms of death of myelin-synthesizing oligodendrocytes, more and more attention has been paid to metabolic shifts. An important role is played by the activation of astro- and microglia, impaired neurotransmitter metabolism and apoptosis 20 Sep, 2019 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/OJPDT-2-107.php Objectives: (a) To determine test-retest reliability of Game Assisted Rehabilitation System (GRS) for standing balance assessment during Single Task (ST) and Dual Task (DT) conditions in people with Parkinson Disease (PD). (b) To examine the discriminant validity of the GRS to evaluate the potential interaction effect of visuomotor and cognitive loads on standing balance in people with PD. 19 Mar, 2019 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/OJPDT-2-106.php The application of the advancements in biophysics and biochemistry in medical science received a new impulse in the recent years. One of them was the discovery of superoxide radicals [1], in the inhaled atmospheric air and the vital role of this radical [2]. New views regarding the vital role of exogenous Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) were developed [3]. ROS that enter the organism through the inhalation and regulate a series of vital functions receive most of the attention. 14 Oct, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/OJPDT-1-105.php Background: Parkinson’s disease is the second most important neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 3% of individuals older than 80 years of age. Main clinical symptoms are resting tremor, postural instability, bradykinesia and rigidity, with a good response to levodopa therapy. 20 Sep, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/OJPDT-1-104.php The effects of haloperidol on motor versus cognitive factors were determined in mice. Haloperidol decreased open-field activity and impaired motor coordination in suspended bar and rotorod tests. The drug also augmented escape latencies in swimming towards submerged or visible goals in the Morris water maze without increasing path length or affecting the probe test of spatial memory. 06 Jul, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/OJPDT-1-103.php Psychosis may emerge as part of Parkinson’s disease (PD) process but is also associated with PD treatment. When the NINDS-NIMH criteria were applied to a cross-sectional PD cohort 10 Jun, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/OJPDT-1-102.php Dystonia is defi ned as a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscular contractions that generate twisting and repetitive movements and/or abnormal postures [1]. 26 Apr, 2017 https://www.neuroscigroup.us/articles/OJPDT-1-101.php Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal cell death in the specifi c brain region like basal ganglia, cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Symptoms associated with PD patients are rigidity, akathesia, tremor, postural imbalance, cognitive and memory dysfunctions.