In order to exploit DNA evidence, biological liquid must be detected and recovered. It has been suggested that some hostile conditions like a long water soaking period may have an influence on evidence recovery and thus results and interpretation. These researches demonstrate that adapting a protocol for each situation allows to recover any evidence.
Introduction: Age estimation is essential in human identification, but also in civil and pension lawsuits. Teeth maturation is better than other structures and the dental changes provide characteristics which are grouped in different age estimation methods.
Objective: The purpose of this literature review was to present the main methods in age estimation that have been currently used.
Forensic Palynology contributes to the evidence of the crime site and sometimes the moment of the fact by the study of pollen and spores and other palynomorphs present in the scene. Pollen morphology is sometimes exclusive for a plant species and some of them grow in specific areas besides plants produce pollen at certain times of the year. Some of the methods used to obtain the samples are here described, and they depend on the material to be analyzed. An alternative treatment for the tape method is proposed.
