1. Lipid Nanoparticles for Improved Topical Application

      Nazneen Ansari*, Stuti Mishra, Prerana Sahu, Kamal Kumar Khushwaha, Ashish Pandey

      Due to lower risk of systemic side effects topical treatment of disease appears favourable, yet the stratum corneum counteracts the penetration of xenobiotics into viable skin. Particulate carrier systems may mean an option to improve dermal penetration. Lipid nanoparticles (LN) were developed at the beginning of the 1990s as an alternative carrier system to emulsions, liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. LN for the use in topical cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations epidermal lipids are found in high amounts within the penetration barrier, lipid carriers attaching themselves to the skin surface and allowing lipid exchange between the outermost layers of the stratum corneum and the carrier appear promising.

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    2. Chitosan Based Nanoparticles for Ocular Delivery

      Sarakshi Tope*, Anshul Ram, Jyoti Rao, Parmanand Verma

      Ocular drug delivery efficiency depends on the barriers and the clearance from the choroidal, conjunctival vessels and lymphatic. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been designed to overcome the barriers, increase the drug penetration at the target site. Mucoadhesive chitosan (CS)-sodium alginate (ALG) nanoparticles were investigated as a new vehicle for the prolonged topical ophthalmic delivery of antibiotics. Chitosan is very suitable for nanoparticle technology due to its better stability, low toxicity, simple and mild preparation methods providing versatile routes of administration.chitosan-based systems for improve the retention and biodistribution of drugs applied topically onto the eye.

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    3. A Novel Approaches in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Hydrobels

      Sarita Dwivedi*, Vinal Adil, Ajazuddin, Amit Alexander, D. K. Tripathi

      The availability of large molecular weight protein- and peptide-based drugs due to the recent advances in the field of molecular biology has given us new ways to treat a number of diseases. Synthetic hydrogels offer a possibly effective and convenient way to administer these compounds. Hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimensional networks, which are able to imbibe large amounts of water or biological -fluids, and thus resemble, to a large extent, a biological tissue. They are insoluble due to the presence of chemical (tiepoints, junctions) and/or physical crosslinks such as entanglements and crystallites. These materials can be synthesized to respond to a number of physiologicalstimuli present in the body, such as pH, ionic strength and temperature.

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    4. A New ERA of Nanotechnology

      Sapana Dewangan*, Nishant Nishad, Afsana Menon, Khelawan kaushal, Harish Sharma

      Nanoparticles have been used as carriers of anticancer drugs to increase antitumor potency of the old drugs and reduce toxic side effects. A Nanotechnology based on human protein albumin exploited natural pathways to selectively deliver larger amounts of drug to tumors while avoiding some of the toxicities of solvent-based formulations. Nanotechnology has been extensively studied for melanoma treatment and diagnosis, to decrease drug resistance, increase therapeutic efficacy, and reduce side effects. One of the most active research areas of the nanotechnology is nanomedicine, which applies nanotechnology to highly specific medical interventions for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, including cancer disease. Advantages as drug carrier systems since they can improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, modify pharmacokinetics, increase drug half-life by reducing immunogenicity, improve bioavailability, and diminish drug metabolism. Cancer and many other non-oncological diseases has been used nanotechnology associate with the development of drug delivery system and photoprocess to improve the treatment of clinical protocol to treat skin cancer and other cancers.

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    5. Nanodevices

      Ayush Yadav*, Tarun Kumar Sahu, Abhilasha Gupta, Swapnil Gupta, Swarnali Das Paul

      Nanodevices are the critical enablers that will allow mankind to exploit the ultimate technological capabilities of electronic, magnetic, mechanical, and biological systems. The introduction of nanotechnology in biomedical applications has facilitated the exact control and regulation of biological environments. There are many interesting nanodevices and nanomaterials being developed that have a potential to improve cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Nanodevices will ultimately have an enormous impact on our ability to enhance energy conversion, control pollution, produce food, and improve human health.

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    6. Mechanism of Nanoparticulate Delivery System via Occular Site

      Ujjawal Sinha*, Ajay Yadav, Mukesh Sahu, Pushkar Nishad, Parmanand Verma, Arvind Kumar Jha

      Controlled and sustained delivery of ophthalmic drugs continues to remain a major focus area in the field of pharmaceutical drug delivery with the emergence of new, more potent drugs and biological response modifiers that may also have very short biological half-lives. The anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the eye render this organ highly impervious to foreign substances. A significant challenge to the formulator is to circumvent the protective barriers of the eye without causing any tissue damage. In ocular drug delivery, the physiological constraints imposed by the protective mechanisms of the eye lead to poor absorption of drugs with very small fractions of the instilled dose penetrating the cornea and reaching intraocular tissues.

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    7. Holistic Approaches for the Cure of Ailments by the Application of Antibody Drug Conjugation

      Nidhi Tiwari*, Ujjwal Minj

      Antibody drug conjugates is a class of biotherapeutics which represents treatment strategy in the field of oncology. Antibodies engineered to carry biologically active drugs and deposit in target cell. The monoclonal antibodies conjugation with cytotoxic drugs with labile bonds to make antigen specific delivery of highly potent cytotoxic drugs to tumor cell. Coupling antibodies to cytotoxic drug permit greater control of drug pharmacokinetics and improve delivery to target tissue. An anticancer drug is coupled with antibody that specifically targets a certain tumor marker . The biochemical reaction between the antibody and the target protein triggers a signal in the tumor cell, which then absorbs or internalizes.

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    8. Novel Approches of Transdermal Route of Application: Nanoparticles

      Urvashi Mankar*, Chandrakanta Parkar, Harish Sharma

      Nanotechnology has evolved to be an integral part of the 21th century. Nanotechnology enabled products find applicapability in almost everything, such as medicine, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, biologics and information technology. They can penetrate cell and tissues gaps to arrive at the target organs like lungs, liver, spleen, bone, brain, spinal cord and lymph etc. Transdermal delivery involves applications of a pharmacologically active compound on the skin to achieve therapeutic blood level in order to treat diseases remote from the site of application. Transdermal drug delivery system has been accepted as potential non-invasive route of drug administration with advantages of prolonged therapeutic effect, reduced side effects, improved bioavailabilty, better patient compliance and easy termination of drug therapy.

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    9. Development and Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle of Diclofenac Sodium in the Treatment of Ocular Pain after Photorefractive Keratectomy

      Vandana Sahu*, Harsha Solanki, Ashish Kumar Pandey

      The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate incorporating solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of Diclofenac sodium for systemic delivery of the active after ocular application. Diclofenac sodium loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been successfully developed using a microemulsion technique. Three different formulations were prepared It was found that variation in the amount of ingredients had profound effects on the Diclofenac sodium loading capacity, the mean particle size, and size distribution of charge, morphology, and drug-lipid compatibility. At optimized process conditions, Diclofenac sodium loaded SLNs showed spherical particles with a mean particle size of 450 nm and 60% Diclofenac sodium incorporation efficacy was achieved.

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    10. New Treatment for Psoriasis - With Help of Nanotechnology

      Palak Agrawal*, Viniket Singh Tomar, Ashish Pandey, Swarnali Das Paul, Dr. A. K. Jha

      The chronic hyperproliferative diseases (CHD) include cancer, precancerous lesions and diseases of unknown etiology such as psoriasis. The causes of psoriasis are not fully understood. It is not purely a skin disorder and can have a negative impact on many organ systems. Psoriasis has been associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, cardiovascular disease, and other immune-mediated disorders such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The effectiveness and safety of a new generation of targeted immune therapies is being established with randomized controlled trials, and several have been approved or rejected for safety concerns by regulatory authorities.

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